ARTISAN    工匠匠

WORKER who WORKS on CONCRETE THINGS he is EDUCATED FOR.
CRAFTSMANARTISANARTISTSKILLED WORKEREXPERTMASTERARCHAIC ARTIFICER
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for a worker or craftsman is jiàng 匠 (ant. shì 士 "freeman; scholar"). 2. Yōng 庸 (ant. jūn zǐ 君子 "gentleman") refers to any menial worker. 3. Yì 役 (ant. zhǔ 主 "person in charge") refers specifically to a corvee labourer. See CORVEE LABOURER 4. Táo 陶 "potter", páo 庖 "cook", yě 冶 "founder" are current specific terms. 5. Zhū 侏 and rú 儒 are specific terms referring to the clowns or court entertainers. See CLOWN
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 46. 工匠。 工，通稱。 匠，木匠；作工匠泛稱，側重在手藝。 技，少獨用，常與 “ 工 ” 連言。
Modern Chinese Criteria
工人 工 工友 工民 工匠 匠人 匠 丁匠 匠戶 巧手 巧匠 手藝人 藝人 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ENTERTAINER　ARTISAN:specialist AIMING to AMUSE OTHERS. (anc: 10/0, child: 4)
  • SCRIBE　OFFICIAL whose WORK IS WRITING. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • CARPENTER　ARTISAN who WORKS with TIMBER. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • COBBLER　ARTISAN PRODUCING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • MASON　ARTISAN USING STONES to BUILD BUILDINGS. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • POTTER　ARTISAN whose WORK is PRODUCING POTTERY. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • SCULPTOR　ARTISAN who PRODUCES STATUES. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • SMITH　ARTISAN PRODUCING IRON ARTEFACTS. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
  • TAILOR　ARTISAN whose WORK is SEWING GARMENTS. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
See also
  • WORKMake an EFFORT ENDURINGLY CONFORMING to a PLAN, IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE an AIM, and OFTEN IN ORDER TO be PAID a SALARY.
Hypernym
  • WORKER　ADULT EMPLOYED by the GOVERNMENT OR by ENTREPRENEURS to WORK FOR them.[[ARBEITER]] (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
  • ADULT　HUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME. (anc: 7/0, child: 20)
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.42

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 467

    ARTIFEX, Operum arte effector. Qvisita sunt Scire, Velle, Posse, ex arte Operari.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    CRAFTSMAN

    faber refers to any craftsman like a carpenter or a smith, and the connotation is that his work involves the exercise of physical strength.

    opifex refers to any craftsman, and the connotation is that his work involves mechanical or technical skills.

    artifex refers to any craftsman or technician taken to be in posssession of advanced technical or professional skills enabling him to do advanced physical work.

    LABOURER

    mercenarius refers to a labourer insofar as he works not for their own interest but for pay.

    operarius refers to a labourer insofar as they undertake to perform for others a piece of merely mechanical work.

    mercenarius refers to a labourer and focusses on the fact that he sells his work for gain.

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 99B

    Handwerker

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 81

  • Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe ( KOSELLECK 1972-97) p. 1.216-242

    See WORKER

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 54

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 230

    artifex refers to anyone who is highly qualified to carry out a certain kind of manual work in a professional way.

    opifex refers to anyone who is professionally trained to do manual work.

    faber refers to a craftsman who works in timber, iron or stone.

    operarii are workers generally skilled or unskilled.

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.540

  • Das grosse China-Lexikon ( STAIGER 2003) p. 289

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    HANDWERK

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 31

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 99A

    • Words (21 items)

    工  gōng OC: kooŋ MC: kuŋ 17 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.
    • Assoc: 匠/ARTISAN The current general word for a worker or craftsman is jiàng 匠 (ant. shì 士 "freeman; scholar").

      Syntactic words
    • nagentspecialised worker; craftsman, artisan; sometimes specifically: musician
    • npost-Ncraftsman specialising in NCH
    百工  bǎi gōng OC: praaɡ kooŋ MC: pɣɛk kuŋ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPcollectivethe artisans
    玉人  yù rén OC: ŋɡoɡ njin MC: ŋi̯ok ȵin 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1adN2}jade worker, lapidary
    匠  jiàng OC: sbaŋs MC: dzi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions

    The current general word for a worker or craftsman is jiàng 匠 (ant. shì 士 "freeman; scholar").

      Syntactic words
    • n(post-N)figurativecreator, concrete author of all details of NCH
    • n=NprCarpenter X 匠石
    輿人  yú rén OC: k-la njin MC: ji̯ɤ ȵin 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPcart-man; also: cartwright
    工匠  gōng jiàng MC: kuwng dzjangH OC: kooŋ sbaŋs 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nartisanLZ
    皁  zào OC: sgluuʔ MC: dzɑu
    皂  zào OC: dzuuʔ MC: dzɑu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmenial worker in the service of a freeman; servant in charge of animals
    冶  yě OC: laʔ MC: jɣɛ 2 Attributions

    Táo 陶 "potter", páo 庖 "cook", yě 冶 "founder" are current specific terms.

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]ZZ: founder
    矢人  shǐ rén OC: lʰiʔ njin MC: ɕi ȵin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1adN2}arrow-maker
    陶  táo OC: b-lu MC: dɑu 1 Attribution

    Táo 陶 "potter", páo 庖 "cook", yě 冶 "founder" are current specific terms.

      Syntactic words
    • npotter
    • nabactthe art of pottery; pottery
    工人  gōng rén MC: kuwng nyin OC: kooŋ njin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialan artisanLZ
    百技  bǎi jì MC: paek gjeX OC: praaɡ ɡreʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPall kinds of artisansLZ
    函人  hán rén OC: ɡuum njin MC: ɦəm ȵin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1adN2}armour-maker
    弓人  gōng rén OC: kʷɯŋ njin MC: kuŋ ȵin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1adN2}bow-maker
    庸  yōng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 1 Attribution

    Yōng 庸 (ant. jūn zǐ 君子 "gentleman") refers to any menial worker.

      Syntactic words
    • nagentworker
    技  jì OC: ɡreʔ MC: giɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN](one who is skillful >) XUN: skilled worker
    作師  zuò shī OC: tsaaɡ sril MC: tsɑk ʂi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPworker; workers
    侏  zhū OC: tjo MC: tɕi̯o 0 Attributions

    Zhū 侏 and rú 儒 are specific terms referring to the clowns or court entertainers. See CLOWN

      Syntactic words
    儒  rú OC: njo MC: ȵi̯o 0 Attributions

    Zhū 侏 and rú 儒 are specific terms referring to the clowns or court entertainers. See CLOWN

      Syntactic words
    庖  páo OC: bruu MC: bɣɛu 0 Attributions

    Táo 陶 "potter", páo 庖 "cook", yě 冶 "founder" are current specific terms.

      Syntactic words
    • ncook See COOK
    役  yì OC: ɢʷleɡ MC: jiɛk 0 Attributions

    Yì 役 (ant. zhǔ 主 "person in charge") refers specifically to a corvee labourer. See CORVEE LABOURER

      Syntactic words