ARTISAN  工匠匠

WORKER who WORKS on CONCRETE THINGS he is EDUCATED FOR.
CRAFTSMANARTISANARTISTSKILLED WORKEREXPERTMASTERARCHAIC ARTIFICER
Hypernym
  • WORKERADULT EMPLOYED by the GOVERNMENT OR by ENTREPRENEURS to WORK FOR them.[[ARBEITER]]
    • ADULTHUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME.
      • HUMANANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS.
        • ANIMALCREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE....
See also
  • WORKMake an EFFORT ENDURINGLY CONFORMING to a PLAN, IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE an AIM, and OFTEN IN ORDER TO be PAID a SALARY.
    Hyponym
    • ENTERTAINER　ARTISAN:specialist AIMING to AMUSE OTHERS.
      • PROSTITUTE　FEMALE ENTERTAINER who has INTERCOURSE with the MALES she ENTERTAINS.
      • ACTOR　An ENTERTAINER who DISPLAYS ACTS in DRAMAS.
      • ACROBAT　ENTERTAINER PUBLICLY DOING DIFFICULT ACTS IN-ORDER-TO AMUSE.
      • TRICKSTER　ENTERTAINER OF SUPERIORS USING HUMOUR.
    • SCRIBE　OFFICIAL whose WORK IS WRITING.
      • CARPENTER　ARTISAN who WORKS with TIMBER.
        • COBBLER　ARTISAN PRODUCING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR.
          • MASON　ARTISAN USING STONES to BUILD BUILDINGS.
            • POTTER　ARTISAN whose WORK is PRODUCING POTTERY.
              • SCULPTOR　ARTISAN who PRODUCES STATUES.
                • SMITH　ARTISAN PRODUCING IRON ARTEFACTS.
                  • TAILOR　ARTISAN whose WORK is SEWING GARMENTS.
                    Old Chinese Criteria
                    1. The current general word for a worker or craftsman is jiàng 匠 (ant. shì 士 "freeman; scholar").

                    2. Yōng 庸 (ant. jūn zǐ 君子 "gentleman") refers to any menial worker.

                    3. Yì 役 (ant. zhǔ 主 "person in charge") refers specifically to a corvee labourer. See CORVEE LABOURER

                    4. Táo 陶 "potter", páo 庖 "cook", yě 冶 "founder" are current specific terms.

                    5. Zhū 侏 and rú 儒 are specific terms referring to the clowns or court entertainers. See CLOWN

                    黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
                    HUANG JINGUI 2006

                    HUMAN AFFAIRS 46. 工匠。

                    工，通稱。

                    匠，木匠；作工匠泛稱，側重在手藝。

                    技，少獨用，常與 “ 工 ” 連言。

                    Modern Chinese Criteria
                    工人

                    工

                    工友

                    工民

                    工匠

                    匠人

                    匠

                    丁匠

                    匠戶

                    巧手

                    巧匠

                    手藝人

                    藝人

                    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                    • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.42

                    • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 467

                      ARTIFEX, Operum arte effector. Qvisita sunt Scire, Velle, Posse, ex arte Operari.

                    • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

                      CRAFTSMAN

                      faber refers to any craftsman like a carpenter or a smith, and the connotation is that his work involves the exercise of physical strength.

                      opifex refers to any craftsman, and the connotation is that his work involves mechanical or technical skills.

                      artifex refers to any craftsman or technician taken to be in posssession of advanced technical or professional skills enabling him to do advanced physical work.

                      LABOURER

                      mercenarius refers to a labourer insofar as he works not for their own interest but for pay.

                      operarius refers to a labourer insofar as they undertake to perform for others a piece of merely mechanical work.

                      mercenarius refers to a labourer and focusses on the fact that he sells his work for gain.

                    • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 99B

                      Handwerker

                    • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 81

                    • Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe ( KOSELLECK 1972-97) p. 1.216-242

                      See WORKER

                    • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 54

                    • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 230

                      artifex refers to anyone who is highly qualified to carry out a certain kind of manual work in a professional way.

                      opifex refers to anyone who is professionally trained to do manual work.

                      faber refers to a craftsman who works in timber, iron or stone.

                      operarii are workers generally skilled or unskilled.

                    • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.540

                    • Das grosse China-Lexikon ( STAIGER 2003) p. 289

                    • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

                      HANDWERK

                    • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 31

                    • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 99A

                    Words

                    工  gōng OC: kooŋ MC: kuŋ 17 AttributionsWD

                      Word relations
                    • Contrast: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.
                    • Assoc: 匠/ARTISAN The current general word for a worker or craftsman is jiàng 匠 (ant. shì 士 "freeman; scholar").

                      Syntactic words
                    • nagentspecialised worker; craftsman, artisan; sometimes specifically: musician
                    • npost-Ncraftsman specialising in NCH
                    玉人  yù rén OC: ŋɡoɡ njin MC: ŋi̯ok ȵin 6 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • NP{N1adN2}jade worker, lapidary
                    匠  jiàng OC: sbaŋs MC: dzi̯ɐŋ 4 AttributionsWD

                    The current general word for a worker or craftsman is jiàng 匠 (ant. shì 士 "freeman; scholar").

                      Syntactic words
                    • n(post-N)figurativecreator, concrete author of all details of NCH
                    • n=NprCarpenter X 匠石
                    皁  zào OC: sgluuʔ MC: dzɑu
                    皂  zào OC: dzuuʔ MC: dzɑu 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • nmenial worker in the service of a freeman; servant in charge of animals
                    百工  bǎi gōng OC: praaɡ kooŋ MC: pɣɛk kuŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • NPcollectivethe artisans
                    輿人  yú rén OC: k-la njin MC: ji̯ɤ ȵin 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • NPcart-man; also: cartwright
                    工匠  gōng jiàng MC: kuwng dzjangH OC: kooŋ sbaŋsLZ 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • nartisanLZ
                    冶  yě OC: laʔ MC: jɣɛ 2 AttributionsWD

                    Táo 陶 "potter", páo 庖 "cook", yě 冶 "founder" are current specific terms.

                      Syntactic words
                    • v[adN]ZZ: founder
                    矢人  shǐ rén OC: lʰiʔ njin MC: ɕi ȵin 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • NP{N1adN2}arrow-maker
                    庸  yōng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD

                    Yōng 庸 (ant. jūn zǐ 君子 "gentleman") refers to any menial worker.

                      Syntactic words
                    • nagentworker
                    技  jì OC: ɡreʔ MC: giɛ 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • v[adN](one who is skillful >) XUN: skilled worker
                    陶  táo OC: b-lu MC: dɑu 1 AttributionWD

                    Táo 陶 "potter", páo 庖 "cook", yě 冶 "founder" are current specific terms.

                      Syntactic words
                    • npotter
                    • nabactthe art of pottery; pottery
                    作師  zuò shī OC: tsaaɡ sril MC: tsɑk ʂi 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • NPworker; workers
                    函人  hán rén OC: ɡuum njin MC: ɦəm ȵin 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • NP{N1adN2}armour-maker
                    弓人  gōng rén OC: kʷɯŋ njin MC: kuŋ ȵin 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • NP{N1adN2}bow-maker
                    工人  gōng rén MC: kuwng nyin OC: kooŋ njinLZ 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • NPnonreferentialan artisanLZ
                    百技  bǎi jì MC: paek gjeX OC: praaɡ ɡreʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • NPall kinds of artisansLZ
                    侏  zhū OC: tjo MC: tɕi̯o 0 AttributionsWD

                    Zhū 侏 and rú 儒 are specific terms referring to the clowns or court entertainers. See CLOWN

                      Syntactic words
                    儒  rú OC: njo MC: ȵi̯o 0 AttributionsWD

                    Zhū 侏 and rú 儒 are specific terms referring to the clowns or court entertainers. See CLOWN

                      Syntactic words
                    庖  páo OC: bruu MC: bɣɛu 0 AttributionsWD

                    Táo 陶 "potter", páo 庖 "cook", yě 冶 "founder" are current specific terms.

                      Syntactic words
                    • ncook See COOK
                    役  yì OC: ɢʷleɡ MC: jiɛk 0 AttributionsWD

                    Yì 役 (ant. zhǔ 主 "person in charge") refers specifically to a corvee labourer. See CORVEE LABOURER

                      Syntactic words

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