COUNTERFACTUAL  反事實

IF-RELATION BETWEEN A SENTENCE S1 PRESUPPOSED to be NOT TRUE AND A SENTENCE S2 SPEAK:said TO BE TRUE IF S1 IS:were TRUE.
CONTRARY TO FACT
Hypernym
  • IFRELATION between sentences S1 and S2 such that it is NOT TRUE that S1 AND NOT S2.
    • CONDITIONSITUATION which is NECESSARY for something to be ABLE to HAPPEN.
      • RELATIONFEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER.
        • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE....
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most current particle indicating counterfactual or occasionally remotely hypothetical conditional clauses is shǐ 使.

2. Shè 設 is remotely hypothetical in its primary use, and only occasionally used to make counterfactual conditionals.

3. Jiǎ 假 is used to make counterfactual conditionals or remotely hypothetical conditionals indifferently.

Modern Chinese Criteria
反事實

假使

設使

若使

向使

假若

設若

假如

假設

假定

倘使

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

Words

若  ruò OC: njaɡ MC: ȵi̯ɐk 27 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • padS1.adS2If contrary to fact
  • vadV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}:adSif contrary to fact
若使  ruò shǐ OC: njaɡ srɯʔ MC: ȵi̯ɐk ʂɨ 17 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • PPadS1.adS2if, counter to fact
使  shǐ OC: srɯʔ MC: ʂɨ 15 Attributions

The most current particle indicating counterfactual or occasionally remotely hypothetical conditional clauses is shǐ 使.

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 假/COUNTERFACTUAL Jiǎ 假 is used to make counterfactual conditionals or remotely hypothetical conditionals indifferently.

    Syntactic words
  • vt0oS1.adS2conditionalsupposing that, counter to fact; supposing that as a theoretical possibility
若其  ruò qí OC: njaɡ ɡɯ MC: ȵi̯ɐk gɨ 10 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • PPadS1.adS2if (contrary to fact) GY: 若其予之　　若其有知 "if they have awareness"
正使  zhèng shǐ OC: tjeŋs srɯʔ MC: tɕiɛŋ ʂɨ 8 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPt0oS1.adS2even supposing that (counter to fact)
雖  suī MC: swij OC: sqlulCH 8 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • padS1.adS2even if, contrary to conceivable factCH
將  jiāng OC: skaŋ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ 7 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vadVwould ever (in questions)?
  • vt+V[0].post-Swould have; would (in that entirely hypothetical case)
  • vt+V[0].postadV(to something) with the intention to VCH
如使  rú shǐ MC: nyo sriX OC: nja srɯʔCH 6 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPt+S1.adS2If, counter to factCH
如  rú OC: nja MC: ȵi̯ɤ 4 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • padS1.adS2if counter to fact
假設  jiǎ shè OC: kraaʔ qhjed MC: kɣɛ ɕiɛt 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPt0oS1.adS2supposing (counter to fact) that
設使  shè shǐ OC: qhjed srɯʔ MC: ɕiɛt ʂɨ 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoS1.adS2conditionalassuming that, even if, although it were the case that
也  yě OC: lalʔ MC: jɣɛ 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • ppostadNP{PRED}.adS2counterfactual特祿仕之臣也 "had he just been..." counterfactual conditional with a nominal predicate subordinate clauseCH
  • ppostadS1.adS2conditional富而可求也"If it had been proper to aim for wealth": factual, not narrative: if it were a fact that, if it were true thatCH
匪  fěi OC: pɯlʔ MC: pɨi 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vadV.postN{SUBJ}:adSit is not that N Vs, but SDS
  • vtoN.adSIn the (counterfactual) absence of; without the existence of
苟  gǒu OC: kooʔ MC: ku 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • padS1.adS2if really (contrary to fact) S1, then S2
誠使  chéng shǐ MC: dzyeng sriX OC: djeŋ srɯʔCH 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPadS1.post-S2if really, contrary to factCH
  • VPt0oS1.adS2If it were really to happen that...
矣  yǐ MC: hiX OC: ɢɯʔCH 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • ppostadS1.post-S2marker of the apodosis in a counterfactual conditional sentence.CH
假  jiǎ OC: kraaʔ MC: kɣɛ 1 Attribution

Jiǎ 假 is used to make counterfactual conditionals or remotely hypothetical conditionals indifferently.

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 令/IF
  • Assoc: 使/COUNTERFACTUAL The most current particle indicating counterfactual or occasionally remotely hypothetical conditional clauses is shǐ 使.

    Syntactic words
  • vt0oS1.adS2supposing that
設  shè OC: qhjed MC: ɕiɛt 1 Attribution

Shè 設 is remotely hypothetical in its primary use, and only occasionally used to make counterfactual conditionals.

    Syntactic words
  • vt0oS1.adS2conditionalassuming that, contrary to fact
嘗試  cháng shì OC: djaŋ lʰɯɡs MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ ɕɨ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPt0oS1.adS2conditionalsupposing that
今  jīn MC: kim OC: krɯmCH 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • nadS1.adS2counterfactualIf S were true then...CH
夫苟  fú gǒu MC: bju kuwX OC: ba kooʔCH 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • PPadS1.adS2If indeed it came to be thatCH
若復  ruò fù MC: nyae bjuwk OC: njaɡ buɡCH 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • PPadS1.adS2even if, contrary to conceivable factCH
今使  jīn shǐ MC: kim sriX OC: krɯm srɯʔCH 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • PPadS1.adS2even if, for example, CH
即使  jí shǐ OC: tsɯɡ srɯʔ MC: tsɨk ʂɨ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • PPadS1.adS2if
早必  zǎo bì OC: tsuuʔ piɡ MC: tsɑu pit
蚤必  zǎo bì OC: tsuuʔ piɡ MC: tsɑu pit 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words

Existing SW for

Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: