CUSTOM  風俗風

REPEATED ACT CONFORMING to what is a COMMON RULE in one's GROUP.
HABITTRADITIONPRACTICEUSAGEOBSERVANCEWAYCONVENTIONFORMALITYCEREMONYRITUALSACRED COWUNWRITTEN RULEMORESFORMAL PRAXISHABITPRACTICEROUTINEWAYWONTPOLICYRULE
Hypernym
  • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
    • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
      • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
        • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME....
See also
  • HABITREPEATED ACT CONFORMING to what is THE COMMON RULE FOR ONE PERSON.
    Hyponym
    • RITUAL　TYPICALLY COMPLEX SHOULD:obligatory PUBLIC CUSTOM.
    • GAME　CUSTOM of PLAYING.
      • BOARD-GAMES　GAME PLAYED ON a BOARD.
      • GO-GAMES　GAME in which one INTENDS to MUTUALLY SURROUND each other.
      • CHILDREN'S GAME　GAME PLAYED by CHILDREN.
      • SPORTS　GAME of USING THE BODY IN COMPETITION WITH OTHERS....
      • GAMBLE　GAME FOR MONEY.
      • LABYRINTH　GAME IN THE FORM OF A COMPLEX PATTERN OF PATHS FROM WHICH IT IS DIFFICULT TO ESCAPE.
    • CULTURE　SYSTEM of MORALITY, AESTHETIC SENSIBILITIES, AND CUSTOMS in a SOCIETY.
      • SUBCULTURE　NOT POWERFUL CULTURE WHICH EXISTS WITHIN A MORE POWERFUL CULTURE.
      • CIVILISATION　INTENSELY DEVELOPED COMPLEX CULTURE
    • CONVENTIONAL　CONFORMING to CUSTOM.
      • FASHION　CHANGING CUSTOM TYPICALLY REGARDING GARMENTS AND HAIRSTYLE.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The current general word for current (but changeable) customs and habits at all levels of society, indluding the highest echelons of society is fēng 風. There is a current connotation that what are current fēng 風 are at least partly the result of some cultural policy or strategy.

        2. Sú 俗 (and the rarer and much more personal xí 習 ) tend to refer to what is perceived as popular and sometimes even vulgar traditional practices. There is a current conception that the sú 俗 are quintessential in origin and essence, but in spite of this they are conceived of as changeable in principle.

        3. Lǐ 禮 "ritual practice" refers to customary behaviour that is in accordance with the demands of ritual propriety. See RITUAL

        黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
        HUANG JINGUI 2006

        HUMAN AFFAIRS 19. 習俗。

        習，側重在經常性。

        慣，側重在固定性。

        風，側重在廣泛性。

        俗，側重在群眾性。

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        風俗

        風氣

        風尚

        習性

        習氣

        俗

        風

        流俗

        謠俗

        習俗

        民俗

        風土

        人情

        風土人情

        風俗習慣

        習慣

        慣

        習以為常

        習與性成

        習慣成自然

        三句不離本行

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.61

        • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 277

          104. Inter Consuescimus, assuescimus, insuescimus. [col. 22A] Consuescimus 16 bona, insuescimus mala, assuescimus utraque [ Al., utrumque].

        • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

          HABIT/CUSTOM

          habitus refers to a manner of living, a habit of mind and/or body.

          habitudo refers typically to a physical habit.

          RITUAL

          consuetudo refers to any uniform observance of a standard of behaviour by an individual or by a group.

          mos refers to reasoned observance of a standard on moral and traditional grounds.

          ritus refers to the hallowed of something as ordained by the gods or other supernatural powers as obligatory ceremony, and the term typically has religious connotations.

          caerimonia refers to what is habitually observed as a standard of ritual practice in serving the gods.

          HABIT

          solere refers to any event or action occurring routinely or regularly.

          consuevisse refers specifically to recurrent habitual action.

        • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 101

        • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 104

        • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

          ASSUETUDO (habit, not custom, German: Gewohnheit/Gewoehnung)

          CONSUETUDO

          MORES

        • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 59

        • 中華古代文化辭典 Zhonghua gudai wenhua cidian ( QIAN YULIN 1996) p. 268-289

          Traditional Chinese basic custom-related terminology simply explained.

        • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.1957

        • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1521

        • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.597

          GEWOHNHEIT

        • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 432

        • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 124

        • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 335

        • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 123

        • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 7.335

        • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.388.343

          USAGE.COUTUME; COUTUME.HABITUDE

        • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.196

        • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 428

        • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 86A

        Words

        俗  sú OC: sɢloɡ MC: zi̯ok 45 AttributionsWD

        Sú 俗 (and the rarer and much more personal xí 習) tend to refer to what is perceived as popular and sometimes even vulgar traditional practices. There is a current conception that the sú 俗 are quintessential in origin and essence, but in spite of this they are conceived of as changeable in principle.

          Word relations
        • Epithet: 世/VULGAR
        • Epithet: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.
        • Synon: 風/CUSTOM The current general word for current (but changeable) customs and habits at all levels of society, indluding the highest echelons of society is fēng 風. There is a current connotation that what are current fēng 風 are at least partly the result of some cultural policy or strategy.

          Syntactic words
        • nabactcurrent local custom; changeable custom; (temporary) habit
        • nabderogatoryvulgar customVK
        • nabpersonifiedsemi-personifed as agent: current customCH
        • nabpsychcurrent local opinion
        風  fēng OC: plum MC: puŋ 15 AttributionsWD

        The current general word for current (but changeable) customs and habits at all levels of society, indluding the highest echelons of society is fēng 風. There is a current connotation that what are current fēng 風 are at least partly the result of some cultural policy or strategy.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: /
        • Synon: 俗/CUSTOM Sú 俗 (and the rarer and much more personal xí 習) tend to refer to what is perceived as popular and sometimes even vulgar traditional practices. There is a current conception that the sú 俗 are quintessential in origin and essence, but in spite of this they are conceived of as changeable in principle.

          Syntactic words
        • ncustoms; local ways; current habit
        • nablocal current practiceCH
        風俗  fēng sú OC: plum sɢloɡ MC: puŋ zi̯ok 11 AttributionsWD

          Syntactic words
        • NP(adN)popular; vernacular (songs etc)CH
        • NPabacthabits, customs (also concretely referential); ways of dealing with things
        • NPabactcommendable good customs
        習  xí OC: sɢlɯb MC: zip 10 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabactcurrent practice
        • nadVby custom (note that the semantics is like that of 性 "by nature")
        • vtoNputativeconsider as one's custom> be accustomed to
        習俗  xí sú OC: sɢlɯb sɢloɡ MC: zip zi̯ok 7 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPcustoms, accustomed practices, habits
        民俗  mín sú MC: mjin zjowk OC: min sɢloɡCH 5 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabtraditional popular customs; popular customsCH
        喜  xǐ OC: qhɯʔ MC: hɨ 3 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vt+V[0]have a tendency to
        禮  lǐ OC: riiʔ MC: lei 3 AttributionsWD

        Lǐ 禮 "ritual practice" refers to customary behaviour that is in accordance with the demands of ritual propriety. See RITUAL

          Syntactic words
        • nabprevailing non-religiousproper ritual practice, characteristic ritual practice (of such and such a time)
        彝  yí OC: li MC: ji 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabactarchaic: (hallowed) practice
        貫  guàn OC: koons MC: kʷɑn
        貫  guān OC: koon MC: kʷɑn 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabactfashion, custom
        世習  shì xí OC: lʰebs sɢlɯb MC: ɕiɛi zip 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactmundane practice
        國俗  guó sú OC: kʷɯɯɡ sɢloɡ MC: kək zi̯ok 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabsocialnational custom; custom in the state
        時宜  shí yí OC: ɡljɯ ŋɡral MC: dʑɨ ŋiɛ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabactproper behaviour at a given time; customs of the time
        服習  fú xí OC: bɯɡ sɢlɯb MC: buk zip 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNintensitivebe thoroughly accustomed to
        常  cháng OC: djaŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabsocialcurrent custom
        慣  guàn OC: kroons MC: kɣan 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadVpost-v, SONGSHU: customarily
        世法  shì fǎ OC: lʰebs pab MC: ɕiɛi pi̯ɐp 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabsocialpopular customs; ways of one's time 宋 俞文豹 《吹劍錄外集》："講義理，別白是非，則須學術；酬酢事機，區分利害，必用世法。"
        土風  tǔ fēng OC: kh-laaʔ plum MC: thuo̝ puŋ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabsociallocal custom SANGUOZHI
        流風  liú fēng OC: ru plum MC: lɨu puŋ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPabsocialcurrent custom SANGUOZHI
        風教  fēng jiào OC: plum kruus MC: puŋ kɣɛu 0 AttributionsWD

        custom SANGUOZHI

          Syntactic words

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