PERSONALLY    親自自

ACTING ONESELF.
FOR MY PARTFOR MYSELFTO MY WAY OF THINKINGTO MY MINDIN MY ESTIMATIONAS FAR AS I AM CONCERNEDIN MY VIEW/OPINIONFROM MY POINT OF VIEWFROM WHERE I STANDAS I SEE ITIF YOU ASK MEMY SENSE ISFOR MY MONEYIN MY BOOKPRIVATELY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for doing something personally is zì 自 (ant.* rén 人 "others"). 2. Qīn 親 (ant.* jiè 藉 and píng 憑 "via others") emphasises that a person who might have chosen not to condescend to do something personally actually decided to do it, and the word naturally tends to be limited to subjects of a fairly high social status. 3. Gōng 躬 refers to doing something oneself demonstratively, and the word emphasises the moral responsibility of the agent for what he or she does rather than (like jǐ 己 "he himself, rather than someone else") laying any contrastive stress on the fact that the agent and not someone else engages in the action concerned. 4. Qiè 竊 is very often used in polite formal discourse to indicate subjectiveness of attitudes that are being submitted to a superior. Thus this word is highly limited in application and somewhat marginal in the group. 5. Shēn 身 "in person" hovers between an adverbial and a nominal function and is sometimes hard to distinguish from the meaning "himself" classified under SELF, which is common in contrastive in parallelistic constructions.
Modern Chinese Criteria
親自 親身 切身 躬親 親 躬 親手 手 親口 親眼 親耳 親筆 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
  • PERSONHUMAN as an ABSTRACT THING which FEELS, THINKS AND DECIDES, AND HAS RIGHTS AND DUTIES.
Hypernym
  • SELF　PERSON that is NOT OTHER. (anc: 8/0, child: 2)
  • PERSON　HUMAN as an ABSTRACT THING which FEELS, THINKS AND DECIDES, AND HAS RIGHTS AND DUTIES. (anc: 7/0, child: 4)
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 310

    • Words (18 items)

    自  zì OC: sblids MC: dzi 80 Attributions

    The current word for doing something personally is zì 自 (ant.* rén 人"others").

      Word relations
    • Synon: 親/PERSONALLY Qīn 親 (ant.* jiè 藉 and píng 憑 "via others") emphasises that a person who might have chosen not to condescend to do something personally actually decided to do it, and the word naturally tends to be limited to subjects of a fairly high social status.

      Syntactic words
    • npro.adVon one's own accord; oneself, in person; by oneself (Perhaps this should be npro V[PRED]. I do not know how one would argue one way or the other.]
    • npro.adVfor oneselfV for oneself
    • npro:+vt.+QI2adN自V其N
    親  qīn OC: tshiŋ MC: tshin 41 Attributions

    Qīn 親 (ant.* jiè 藉 and píng 憑 "via others") emphasises that a person who might have chosen not to condescend to do something personally actually decided to do it, and the word naturally tends to be limited to subjects of a fairly high social status.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 身/SELF Shēn 身 typically refers to the subject in a contrastive way, and the word is often hard to distinguish from the nominal concept of a person. Adverbially, the word is different from PERSONALLY in that it does not connote distinction in the agent.
    • Synon: 自/PERSONALLY The current word for doing something personally is zì 自 (ant.* rén 人"others").
    • Synon: 躬/PERSONALLY Gōng 躬 refers to doing something oneself demonstratively, and the word emphasises the moral responsibility of the agent for what he or she does rather than (like jǐ 己 "he himself, rather than someone else") laying any contrastive stress on the fact that the agent and not someone else engages in the action concerned.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVpersonally, in person
    • viacttake personal action
    • vtoNshow personal concern for
    身  shēn OC: qhjin MC: ɕin 29 Attributions

    Shēn 身 "in person" hovers between an adverbial and a nominal function and is often contrastive in parallelistic constructions.

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 施/DISTRIBUTE Shī 施 is to give away to a general group of recipients, and as an act of generosity.

      Syntactic words
    • nadVin person, himself
    • npro.+Vt+None's personal N (=自VERB其N)?CH
    • viactact personally, take personal action; get personally involved in things
    躬  gōng OC: kʷɯŋ MC: kuŋ 23 Attributions

    Gōng 躬 refers to doing something oneself demonstratively, and the word emphasises the moral responsibility of the agent for what he or she does rather than (like jǐ 己 "he himself, rather than someone else") laying any contrastive stress on the fact that the agent and not someone else engages in the action concerned.

      Word relations
    • Synon: 親/PERSONALLY Qīn 親 (ant.* jiè 藉 and píng 憑 "via others") emphasises that a person who might have chosen not to condescend to do something personally actually decided to do it, and the word naturally tends to be limited to subjects of a fairly high social status.

      Syntactic words
    • nadNX himself/herself; in person
    • nadVpersonally; in person
    • viacttake personal action
    • vtoNtake personal care of
    以身  yǐ shēn MC: yiX syin OC: k-lɯʔ qhjin 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVin person; personally; face-to-faceCH
    • VPadVderivedwith personal engagement; at the risk of one's own lifeCH
    身自  shēn zì OC: qhjin sblids MC: ɕin dzi 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVin person, personally and not as represented by anyone else
    躬親  gōng qīn OC: kʷɯŋ tshiŋ MC: kuŋ tshin 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adVthrough personal action> through personal example
    • VPadVpersonally, in person
    • VPiactattend to things personally
    • VPtoNattend to personally
    親自  qīn zì OC: tshiŋ sblids MC: tshin dzi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVin person
    躬自  gōng zì OC: kʷɯŋ sblids MC: kuŋ dzi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpro.adVhim/herself; in person
    • NPpro0.adVoneself, personally, in one's personal behaviour
    內自  nèi zì OC: nuubs sblids MC: nuo̝i dzi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVpersonally within oneself
    蓋  gài OC: kaabs MC: kɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • padSmarker of a politely and humbly personal statement
    自親  zì qīn OC: sblids tshiŋ MC: dzi tshin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVin person
    • VPtoNdeal with personally
    躬身  gōng shēn OC: kʷɯŋ qhjin MC: kuŋ ɕin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVin person
    手自  shǒu zì OC: hmljuʔ sblids MC: ɕɨu dzi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVwith his own hands
    其身  qí shēn OC: ɡɯ qhjin MC: gɨ ɕin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVpersonally (emphatic?? ???)
    竊  qiè OC: tsheed MC: tshet 1 Attribution

    Qiè 竊 is very often used in polite formal discourse to indicate subjectiveness of attitudes that are being submitted to a superior. Thus this word is highly limited in application and somewhat marginal in the group.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVin polite speech, and referring only to subjective verbs when used in formal contexts: personally
    • vt[0] V[0]I flatter myself that I V; I take the liberty to V;CH
    親近  qīn jìn OC: tshiŋ ɡɯns MC: tshin gɨn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVpersonally
    私自  sī zì OC: sil sblids MC: si dzi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVpersonally