STICK    棍子杖

LONG, ROUND, STRAIGHT PIECE OF TIMBER.
WALKING STICKCANESTAFFALPENSTOCKCROOKCRUTCH.PIECE OF WOODTWIGSMALL BRANCH
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for a stick of any kind is zhàng 杖. 2. Chuí 棰 refers to a short, heavy cudgel. 3. Gān 竿 refers to a light bamboo pole. [The word occurs already in SHIJING where it refers to the fishing pole. 4. Bàng 棒 refers to a fairly heavy club or cudgel. 5. Pū 撲 refers generally to a cane used for caning criminals. NB: Gùn 棍 (YUAN) is post-Han.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 ASTRONOMY 21. 表，測影的標杆，南北向放置有刻度的水平面橫尺，稱 “ 圭 ” ，相合而作測影儀。 臬，也為測日影所用的標杆，但不常用，多連用為 “ 圭臬 ” 。 水臬，水平儀，與測影儀無關。 ASTRONOMY 22. 儀、象，為我國古代渾天家根據渾天說製作的兩種天文儀器。 儀，觀測天體運行的儀器。 象，演示天體運行的儀器。但在早期， “ 儀 ” 又常作儀、象的通稱。 故 “ 儀 ” 器或可指稱 “ 象 ” 器，但 “ 象 ” 器不可稱 “ 儀 ” 器。 ASTRONOMY 23. 箭，標有刻度以計時的部件。 籌，早期為用來計算更次的籌碼，後演變為置於漏水中以讀取更次的部件。 簽，與籌相似，偶用以喻指計時報更的籌碼。 WARFARE 10. 擊打兵器。杵，兩端粗、中間細者。 棓，棍棒狀者。 杖，細長、無刃木質者。 殳，有棱、圓筒形頂端者。 WARFARE 18. 椎，隨身攜帶、輕重不同、可以隱藏的球形打擊兵器。 錘，頂端有金屬球形重型打擊兵器。 瓜，類似骨朵的輕型打擊兵器，見於中古後。 WARFARE 19. 盾是遮蔽身體主要部分，擋住敵方進攻武器的防禦兵器，背有一鼻或兩鼻。 “ 盾 ” ，干，盾的方言別稱，亦為武舞所執的舞具。 櫓，可以遮蔽全身，形制特別大的盾。
Modern Chinese Criteria
棒 棒子 棍 棍子 梃 杖 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • WHIP　STICK which has ROPES OR LEATHER RIBBONS ON THE TOP, USED FOR STRIKING HUMANS OR ANIMALS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • CARRIAGE POLE　The large STICK or pole at the front of a carriage as a VEHICLE PART. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • NAIL　SMALL SHARP METAL STICK USED FOR FIXING THINGS on TIMBER ETC by CAUSING the STICK TO ENTER THE TIMBER ETC USING A HAMMER. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
See also
  • BRANCHPART of TREE that GROWS on the TRUNK.
  • TRUNK
  • STEMIMPORTANT PLANT PART LEADS FROM ROOT TO BRANCHES ETC..
Hypernym
  • TIMBER　SUBSTANCE OF the MAIN PART of TREES. (anc: 5/0, child: 4)
  • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 28)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 20.22

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    STICK

    fustus is a cudgel or a club, typically large enough to beat a man to death with.

    ferula is a little stick typically used for the chastising of little schoolchildren.

    sudes refers to a cudgel used as a weapon in warfare.

    trudes ditto.

    rudis refers to a thin stick used in fencing.

    scipio refers to a stick used as an ornament used as a symbol of superior power.

    baculus refers primarily to a stick used to support oneself with as one is walking, or to lean on, but this stick can also come to be deployed in conflict.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 241

    Taubenstab:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 806

    Stock:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 808

    Taubenstab:

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 271

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    baculum 'stick, staff1 [n. o] (Cic.+)

    Derivatives: bacillum (Afran.+) 'small stick*.

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 100B

    • Words (38 items)

    杖  zhàng OC: daŋʔ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ 25 Attributions

    The current general word for a stick of any kind is zhàng 杖.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 刀/KNIFE General word for a knife is dāo 刀. Knives were usually made of bronze, since the Warring States period of iron, and had many functions; they could be used as a weapon (already from the Shang period), to cut meal - particularly meat - or as a butcherer's knife, and to engrave or smooth something. According to the purpose, their shape and size also varied. WANG suggests that dāo 刀 refers only to the knives with a concave blade, which can be conveniently used to cut something, whereas these with the convex blade were primarily used for curving and smoothing, and were called xiao 削; but it seems improbable. Knives with the concave blade are known which for their large size can be used only like a weapon or to cut something; it should be further noted that the knife-shaped coins of the Warring States period, which have the concave blade, are called dāo 刀, and that even small concave knives used in Han times to smooth bamboo books are often referred to as shū dāo 書 刀.

      Syntactic words
    • nwalking stick, staff; stick
    • viact(be so old as to have to) use a stick; carry a stick
    • vtoNpassivebe beaten with a stick
    桴  fú OC: bu MC: bɨu
    枹  fú OC: bu MC: bɨu 8 Attributions

    Fú 桴／枹 is the current general term for a drumstick.

    • 漢代の文物 Kandai no bunbutsu ( HAYASHI 1976) p. {pp. 182, tab. 9-16}

      Syntactic words
    • ndrumstick, baton (contrast chuí 棰 "bell-stick")
    竿  gān OC: kaan MC: kɑn 6 Attributions

    Gān 竿 refers to a light bamboo pole. The word occurs already in SHIJING where it refers to the fishing pole.

    • [100 page synonym dictionary which I have in Oslo and shall identify.CH] ( XIANG 1997) p. 176

      Syntactic words
    • nbamboo pole; pole; staff[aslo rod for fishing][CA]
    拄杖  zhǔ zhàng OC: toʔ daŋʔ MC: ʈi̯o ɖi̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPbuddhistsupport staff (of monks)
    棒  bàng OC: brooŋʔ MC: bɣɔŋ 5 Attributions

    Bàng 棒 refers to a fairly heavy club or cudgel.

      Syntactic words
    • npost-Han: stick; club, cudgel
    錫  xī OC: sleeɡ MC: sek 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nBUDDH: supportstaff of a monk (see 錫杖)
    概  gài OC: kɯɯds MC: kəi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nlevelling stick using to even out the surface of a measuring container to insure that the surface is completely plain
    扑  pū OC: phooɡ MC: phuk
    撲  pū OC: phooɡ MC: phuk 3 Attributions

    Pū 撲 refers generally to a cane used for caning criminals.

      Syntactic words
    • nrod, stick (often written 撲)
    籌  chóu OC: du MC: ɖɨu 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 策 / 冊 / 筴/DOCUMENT Cè 冊／策 refers to a document, typically in the form of a bundle of bamboo strips.

    • () p. 5264b

      Syntactic words
    • nlate meaning?: bamboo (stick for wiping oneself clean after the use of the toilet > 'shit-wiping stick'; TAIPING GUANGJI); also more generally: stick (for predicting the future)
    • nmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: counting rod
    柱杖  zhù zhàng OC: doʔ daŋʔ MC: ɖi̯o ɖi̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: support staff; monk's staff
    梃  tǐng OC: deeŋʔ MC: deŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nstaff, stick; metal rod inserted in an arrow (written with metal radical CHECK)
    棰  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 2 Attributions

    Chuí 棰 refers to a short, heavy cudgel, and the word can refer specifically to the metal or wooden stick with which to strike bells of any kind from the outside in order sound the bell.

      Syntactic words
    • nshort heavy stick
    橛  jué OC: ɡod MC: gi̯ɐt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npole, stick; rod
    表  biǎo OC: prawʔ MC: piɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nfor measuringgnomonCH
    • nmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: the gnomon (a stick of a determinate length used among other things in traditional time measurement in China (and also in Greece!)) It is remarkable that the Greek word gnoomoon, like the Chinese biǎo 表 refers both to the instrument and the remaining shape when one square is inserted into another. For example, a 八尺之表 is NOT a stick that is eight chǐ long, but in fact a longer stick of which the top is eight chǐ above the ground. In a phrase like JZ 1.32 出圓之表 "the (expanded) remaining shape which goes beyond the circle", biǎo 表 comes close to a nominal use of 外 "outside shape". In Liu Hui's preface we have 立兩表于洛陽之城 "set up two gnomons on the city wall of Luoyang".
    旛竹  fān zhú MC: phjon trjuwk OC: phan tuɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPbamboo pole with bannersDS
    杙  yì OC: lɯɡ MC: jɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • n(small) stick; stick used as perch for birds in cages
    柴  chái MC: dzrea OC: dzree 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nstick with branches removed; polished poleCH
    棘  jí OC: kɯɡ MC: kɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nthorny stick
    扶老  fú lǎo MC: bju lawX OC: ba ɡ-ruuʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{vtoN1[.adN2]}walking stickDS
    策  cè MC: tsrheak OC: skhreeɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNuse N as walking stick; support oneself using NDS
    算  suàn OC: sqloons MC: sʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ncounting rod
    築  zhù OC: tuɡ MC: ʈuk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nstamper used in building; very thick stick or pole
    隙棄羅  xì qì luó OC: khaɡ khils b-raal MC: khɣɛk khi lɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPbuddhistBUDDH: supportstaff of a monk; SANSKRIT khakkara (see 錫杖)
    鉉  xuàn OC: ɡʷeenʔ MC: ɦen 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nbar passed through the ears of a ting vessel in order to lift it (YI)
    錫杖  xī zhàng OC: sleeɡ daŋʔ MC: sek ɖi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
    • Sengchou (480-560) ( ANDERL 1995) p. 15, 132

    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 6324-6326

      One of the 18 essential items of a monk. Used as support staff and for scaring away wild animals, snakes, etc. when the monk is on a journey. It is also used for making sounds (usually equipped with small metal rings on top) in order to be heard when the monk is on his begging tour.

      The three parts of the staff consist of xi 錫, mu4rui4 木枘, and dui4 錞. The staff which is made of led has on top a large ring attached to it. From this ring hang several smaller rings. When shaken, those rings produce a typical sound.

      There are numerous references to the shape, functions, and meaning of support staffs in suutra literature.

      In China the support staff was introduced quite early. One of the earliest and most famous references appears in XUGAOSENGZHUAN in the biography of the monk Se1ngcho2u 僧稠 who used the staff to seperated to fighting tigers with it (afterwards the monks' staff was occasionally referred to as 解虎丈 'staff which seperates the tigers'.

      SInce it is used during all longer journeys of monks it is also referred to as 飛杖 'flying staff'. If a monk settels down at a place the staff is consequently referred to as 留杖 'dwelling staff' or 掛杖 'suspended staff'.

    • 續高僧傳 Xù gāosēng zhuàn Continued Records of Eminent Monks Taishō ( XUGAOSENGZHUAN) p. 553c-554a

      後詣懷州西王屋山修習前法。聞兩虎交鬥咆響振巖。乃以錫杖中解。各散而去。

      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: support staff of a monk; SANSKRIT khakkhara (One of the 18 essential items of a monk. Used as support staff and for scaring away wild animals, snakes, etc. when the monk is on a journey. It is also used for making sounds (usually equipped with small metal rings on top) in order to be heard when the monk is on his begging tour. The three parts of the staff consist of xi 錫, mùruì 木枘, and duì 錞. The staff which is made of led has on top a large ring attached to it. From this ring hang several smaller rings. When shaken, those rings produce a typical sound. There are numerous references to the shape, functions, and meaning of support staffs in sūtra literature. In China the support staff was introduced quite early. One of the earliest and most famous references appears in XUGAOSENGZHUAN in the biography of the monk Sēngchóu 僧稠 who used the staff to separated to fighting tigers with it (afterwards the monks' staff was occasionally referred to as 解虎丈 'staff which seperates the tigers'. SInce it is used during all longer journeys of monks it is also referred to as 飛杖 'flying staff'. If a monk settels down at a place the staff is consequently referred to as 留杖 'dwelling staff' or 掛杖 'suspended staff'.)
    金錫  jīn xī OC: krɯm sleeɡ MC: kim sek 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: supportstaff of a monk; SANSKRIT khakkara (see 錫杖)
    喫棄羅  chī qì luó OC: kheeɡ khils b-raal MC: khek khi lɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPbuddhistBUDDH: supportstaff of a monk; SANSKRIT khakkara (see 錫杖)
    智杖  zhì zhàng OC: tes daŋʔ MC: ʈiɛ ɖi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: wisdom staff > supportstaff of a monk; SANSKRIT khakkara (see 錫杖)
    梗  gěng OC: kraaŋʔ MC: kɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nstraight stick of any size
    棍  Click here to add pinyin OC: kuuns MC: kuo̝n 0 Attributions

    Gùn 棍 (YUAN) is post-Han. The FQ for the reading gùn: 古困切is attested in 正字通

      Syntactic words
    • npost-Han: stick
    鳴杖  míng zhàng OC: mreŋ daŋʔ MC: mɣaŋ ɖi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: supportstaff of a monk; SANSKRIT khakkara (see 錫杖)
    楚  chǔ OC: skhraʔ MC: ʈʂhi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nspecialised term for a cane used as an instrument for punishment
    樸  pǔ OC: phrooɡ MC: phɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nrod, stick
    檟  jiǎ OC: kraaʔ MC: kɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nLIJI: a special kind of cane used as an instrument for punishment by caning.
    聲杖  shēng zhàng OC: qjeŋ daŋʔ MC: ɕiɛŋ ɖi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: sound staff > supportstaff of a monk; SANSKRIT khakkara (see 錫杖)
    祋  duì OC: toods MC: tɑi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nstick, baton
    算  suàn OC: sqoonʔ MC: sʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: counting rod
    德杖  dé zhàng OC: tɯɯɡ daŋʔ MC: tək ɖi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: virtue staff > supportstaff of a monk; SANSKRIT khakkara (see 錫杖)