KNIFE  刀刀

SMALL WEAPON OR TOOL, HAVING ONE EDGE, USED FOR CUTTING OR STABBING.
DAGGER
Hypernym
  • KITCHEN UTENSILTOOLS TYPICALLY USED IN a KITCHEN.
    • TOOLARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR USE USING a DEFINED METHOD.
  • BLADESHARP SIDE OR TIP FOR PIERCING OR CUTTING in a CUTTING TOOL.
    See also
    • SWORDWEAPON RESEMBLING an INTENSELY BIG KNIFE.
      Hyponym
      • TABLE-KNIFE　KNIFE USED FOR EATING.
        • RAZOR　KNIFE USED to CUT one's BEARD.
          • SCISSORS　INTERTWINED KNIVES USED TO CUT THREADS OR PAPER.
            Old Chinese Criteria
            1. General word for a knife or dagger is dāo 刀. Knives were usually made of bronze, since the Warring States period of iron, and had many functions; they could be used as a weapon (already from the Shang period), to cut meal - particularly meat - or as a butcherer's knife, and to engrave or smooth something. According to the purpose, their shape and size also varied. WANG suggests that dāo 刀 refers only to the knives with a concave blade, which can be conveniently used to cut something, whereas these with the convex blade were primarily used for curving and smoothing, and were called xiao 削; but it seems improbable. Knives with the concave blade are known which for their large size can be used only like a weapon or to cut something; it should be further noted that the knife-shaped coins of the Warring States period, which have the concave blade, are called dāo 刀, and that even small concave knives used in Han times to smooth bamboo books are often referred to as shū dāo 書刀.

            2. Xiāo 削 refers to the small knife with a concave blade, which was used to engrave or smooth wooden or bamboo surface. It was often used to smooth a surface of bamboo slips, and in Han times was usually referred to as shū dāo 書刀.

            3. Bǐ shǒu 匕首 refers to the dagger defined in SHUOWEN like a short sword.

            黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
            HUANG JINGUI 2006

            WARFARE 17.

            刀，用於劈砍的單面側刃格鬥兵器；刀的總稱。

            刃，代稱帶刃帶鋒的武器，常指刀劍。

            鉤，刃口彎曲的刀。

            削，書刀。

            鞘、鞞，刀劍的套。

            琫，佩刀鞘上近口處的飾物。

            Modern Chinese Criteria
            刀

            刀子

            刀兒

            薄刀

            鍘刀

            鍘

            彎刀

            剞劂

            鏨刀

            鏨

            剃刀

            剃頭刀

            保險刀

            安全剃刀

            獵刀

            劈刀

            絞刀

            戒刀

            瓦刀

            屠刀

            菜刀

            • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.23

            • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

              DAGGER

              pugio refers to a dagger worn openly as a military weapon.

              sica refers to the dagger secretly hidden under the cloak of a robber or thief.

            • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 207

            • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 224

              Messer (Schlaechter)

            • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 774

              Messer:

            • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 100B

            Words

            刀  dāo OC: k-laaw MC: tɑu 9 AttributionsWD

            General word for a knife is dāo 刀. Knives were usually made of bronze, since the Warring States period of iron, and had many functions; they could be used as a weapon (already from the Shang period), to cut meal - particularly meat - or as a butcherer's knife, and to engrave or smooth something. According to the purpose, their shape and size also varied. WANG suggests that dāo 刀 refers only to the knives with a concave blade, which can be conveniently used to cut something, whereas these with the convex blade were primarily used for curving and smoothing, and were called xiao 削; but it seems improbable. Knives with the concave blade are known which for their large size can be used only like a weapon or to cut something; it should be further noted that the knife-shaped coins of the Warring States period, which have the concave blade, are called dāo 刀, and that even small concave knives used in Han times to smooth bamboo books are often referred to as shū dāo 書 刀.

              Word relations
            • Assoc: 杖/STICK The current general word for a stick of any kind is zhàng 杖.
            • Assoc: 筆/BRUSH
            • Assoc: 鐮/SICKLE The current word for a sickle is lián 鐮／鎌.

            • 漢代の文物 Kandai no bunbutsu ( HAYASHI 1976) p. {pp. 36, tab. 2-163 - 2-163}

            • () p. 134 - 135 {34-14 - 34-19}

            • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 229

            • [100 page synonym dictionary which I have in Oslo and shall identify.CH] ( XIANG 1997) p. 105, 401, 533 {2-7}

            • 中國佛教百科全書 Zhōngguó fójiào bǎikē quánshū Encyclopedic Book Collection on Chinese Buddhism ( YANG WEIZHONG 2000) p. 51 - 52

              Syntactic words
            • ndagger; butcher's knife; doctor's scalpel; mutilator's knife MO: 五刀
            • nadVinstrumentwith a knife
            • vimiddle voiceget exposed to the knife/dagger/sword
            首  shǒu OC: qhljuʔ MC: ɕɨu 7 AttributionsWD

            Bǐ shǒu 匕首 refers to the dagger defined in SHUOWEN like a short sword.

            • () p. 135 {34-21}

              Syntactic words
            • NPdagger
            匕首  bǐ shǒu MC: pjijX syuwX OC: -- qhljuʔDS 6 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPdaggerDS
            削  xiāo OC: smewɡ MC: si̯ɐk 4 AttributionsWD

            Xiāo 削refers to the small knife with a concave blade, which was used to engrave or smooth wooden or bamboo surface. It was often used to smooth a surface of bamboo slips, and in Han times was usually referred to as shū dāo 書刀.

            • 楚文物圖典 Chu wenwu tudian ( CHU 2000) p. {pp. 148}

            • 楚文物圖典 Chu wenwu tudian ( CHU 2000) p. 148

            • () p. 280 {70-18 - 70-21}

            • () p. 280

            • () p. 70-18 - 70-21

            • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 229

              Syntactic words
            • nknife used in metalwork; tool with which to engrave or smooth metal or wood surfaces
            銛  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 3 AttributionsWD

            xiān

              Syntactic words
            • nshort dagger weapon
            鍘  zhá OC: sɡraad MC: ɖʐɣat 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • nsickle ??????
            刀子  dāo zǐ OC: k-laaw sklɯʔ MC: tɑu tsɨ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPknife
            刀山  dāo shān OC: k-laaw sreen MC: tɑu ʂɣɛn 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPBUDDH: mountain knives
            牛刀  niú dāo OC: ŋɯ k-laaw MC: ŋɨu tɑu 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPknife used for slaughtering a buffalo

            Existing SW for

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