TWO 兩個二
The NUMBER which is the BIGGER successor of ONE.
Hypernym
- NUMBERQUANTITY when COUNTED. [THE DEFINITIONS IN THIS FIELD REMAIN CIRCULAR ON MANY LEVELS AND NEED TO BE CAREFULLY REVISED IN COLLABORATION WITH KARINE CHEMLA.]
Hyponym
Old Chinese Criteria
2. Liǎng 兩 is common when the reference is to a natural pair, but there are also many cases where the definite reference is merely to an aforementioned couple of items, and there are even a good number of cases where the reference is to any indefinite number of two things. Also the word regularly means "both the objects" when it precedes a transitive verb, and the word is never used as an ordinal number. Moreover, in complex numbers the word is not used.
3. O ㄆ偶 and ǒu 耦 refers to a man-made or artificial pair or pairing.
4. Zài 再 is mostly adverbial and refers to an action being performed twice.
5. Chóng 重 is mostly adnominal and refers to something being two-layered.
6. Bèi 倍 "double" refers to twice the amount of something.
Modern Chinese Criteria
兩
倆
對兒
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
DOUBLE
duplex refers to double numbers of something as a distinct abstract articulated quantity.
duplum refers to double amounts of some stuff as a continuous quantity.
geminus refers to that which is paired or comes in pairs of different items.
duplicatus refers to that which consists of a pair of copies of the same thing.
dupliciter refers to different manners or double purpose, adverbially: "in two different ways".
bifariam refers to different places, adverbially: "in both places"
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
364 - 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
58 1. The conventional idea that lia3ng 兩 must refer to natural pairs, repeated in WL, is not borne out by the facts. Our analysis shows a wide variety of cases that are clear and neat exceptions to this traditional rule.
2. WL does not mention the important use of lia3ng 兩 as a dual object quantifier. Other unmentioned syntactic differences abound, and interestingly lia3ng 兩 cannot be used in classifier constructions. Indeed, most of the peculiarities of lia3ng 兩 are restrictions with respect to a wide range of current uses of e4r 二.
- Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
107 - Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
(
PILLON 1850)
p.
no.181 - 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
281 - A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms
(
T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004)
p.
NO.194
Words
兩 liǎng OC: raŋʔ MC: li̯ɐŋ 63 AttributionsWD
Liǎng 兩 is common when the reference is to a natural pair, but there are also many cases where the definite reference is merely to an aforementioned couple of items, and there are even a good number of cases where the reference is to any indefinite number of two things. Also the word regularly means "both the objects" when it precedes a transitive verb, and the word is never used as an ordinal number. Moreover, in complex numbers the word is not used.
- Word relations
- Synon: 二/TWO
The general word for two is èr 二, a word which shows an extraordinary semantic and syntactic flexibility. - Oppos: 一/ONE
The general word for one is yī 一.
- Syntactic words
- npair; set of two
- v(adN)kindsthese two kinds of the contextually determinate kind NCH
- v[adN]indefinite(any) two, a set of two; twofold choice
- vadNa pairthe two, the dyad of; the pair of
- vadNcontrastive(not one but) two
- vadNdefinitethe two (that do not form a natural pair and are determinate in the context)
- vadNindefinite(any) two (N)
- vadVtwice HF 48.6 兩諫 remonstrate twice (on the same matter)
- vadVDELETE doubly, in two respects (君子兩進，小人兩廢 )LZ
- vadVobjectin two directions
- vibe two in number
- vt0oNthere are two (or: to have two)
- vtoNadjust in pairs
再 zài OC: tsɯɯs MC: tsəi 61 AttributionsWD
Zài 再 is mostly adverbial and refers to an action being performed twice.
- Syntactic words
- nabactdoing something twice
- ndefinitethe second
- v(adV)for a second time
- vadNthe second 再世 "after the second generation"
- vadNdouble[REPEATED>] double 再期 "double period (of mourning)"
- vadVtwice 再拜
- vadVfor the second time; for a second timeCH
- vadVfigurativedoubly; in two separate ways
- viactoccasionally used verbally in plain sense: repeat, do something twice
- vieventoccur twice 大福不再 "great good fortune does not come twice"
- vpostadVtwice
- vtoNhavehave two (of someting)
- vtoNstativebe twice the amount of, be twice as substantial as
二 èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 26 AttributionsWD
The general word for two is èr 二, a word which shows an extraordinary semantic and syntactic flexibility.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 雙/TWO
- Synon: 兩/TWO
Liǎng 兩 is common when the reference is to a natural pair, but there are also many cases where the definite reference is merely to an aforementioned couple of items, and there are even a good number of cases where the reference is to any indefinite number of two things. Also the word regularly means "both the objects" when it precedes a transitive verb, and the word is never used as an ordinal number. Moreover, in complex numbers the word is not used.
- Syntactic words
- nabfigurativeBUDDH: duality
- ndefinitethe two 二人 "these two people"
- nordinalthe second item
- v[adN]N=humantwo peopleLZ
- v[adN]N=thingtwo things; two parts; two aspects
- vad.VadNtwo
- vadNnumbertwo; sometimes: these two!!
- vadNordinalthe second
- vadNtwofoldtwofold 二智 "twofold wisdom"
- vadVtwice 二三 "several times"
- vibe two in number
- v{NUM}postadNpostposed numeral: two
倍 bèi OC: bɯɯʔ MC: bəi 23 AttributionsWD
Bèi 倍 "double" refers to twice the amount of something.
- Syntactic words
- v[adV]surpass by two times; be twice as much asDS
- vadNdouble
- vibe double in number or extent
- vpost-V{NUM}.postadNbe V{NUM}-fold
- vpost-V{NUM}.postadNchangebecome V{NUM}-fold
- vpost-V{NUM}.postadVclassifiertimes
- vt(oN)causativebe twice as many as some contextually determinate other party
- vt+prep+Nbe double that of N
- vtoNbe double that of; earn twice as much as
- vtoNcausativeredouble, make double, double up
- vtoNpassivebecome doubled
- vtoNreflexive.自cause (oneself) to be double
貳 èr OC: njis MC: ȵi
二 èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 18 AttributionsWD
The general for two word is èr 二, a word which shows an extraordinary semantic and syntactic flexibility.
- Syntactic words
- nabduality; disunited doublenessCH
- nabautonym"two"LZ
- npost-Nsecond copy of N
- v(adN)the second of the the contextually determinate NCH
- vadNthe secondCH
- vadVtwice
- vicome secondCH
- vtoNderived, causativeto cause to be double or ambiguousVK
- v{NUM}(adN)two contextually determinate NsDS
- v{NUM}adNtwo (separate)CH
- v{NUM}postadNpostposedtwo NCH
重 chóng OC: doŋ MC: ɖi̯oŋ 14 AttributionsWD
Chóng 重 is mostly adnominal and refers to something being two-layered.
- Syntactic words
- vadNdouble-layered
- vadNderivedmany-layeredCH
- vadNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: double, reiteratedJZ 6.10, Liu Hui's comm: 是謂重今有也 "This refers to reiterated of supposing." JZ 6.11, Liu Hui's comm: 此亦重今有之義 "This has has also the structural pattern of a reiterated of supposing.Cf. also JZ 6.28, Liu Hui's comm, where the reiteration is more than twice.For 重今有 we have three structural analyses:1. transitive verb: repeat the supposing. "This refers to repeating the supposing." [However, 重 is not current as a verb elsewhere in JZ.]2. adnominal verb>adjective: repeated supposing. "This refers to repeated supposing." [This seems to work in all instances we have seen so far.]3. adverb: suppose repeatedly. "This refers to supposing repeatedly." [However, in 重今有之義 this is most uncomfortable.]We need to insist on a clear answer why we attribute one and not the other of the structures to the phrase in any given context. Is the Chinese underdetermined, structurally?
- vadVmore than once, a second time; doubly
- vtoNhave a double N; have a two-layered N
- vtoNcausativemake double, double up
雙 shuāng OC: srooŋ MC: ʂɣɔŋ 14 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 二/TWO
The general word for two is èr 二, a word which shows an extraordinary semantic and syntactic flexibility.
- Syntactic words
- nabconceptdoubleness
- nadNa pair of Ns
- nadVquantifierbothCH
- nccpair
- ncpost-V{NUM}.post-Nclassifierpairs of N
- viactbe symmetrically double
兩邊 liǎng biān OC: raŋʔ peen MC: li̯ɐŋ pen 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabmetaphysicaldualism; duality
二 èr 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadN1.postN2V=numbertwo items N1 of N2DS
耦 ǒu OC: ŋooʔ MC: ŋu
偶 ǒu OC: ŋooʔ MC: ŋu 1 AttributionWD
Oㄆ 偶 and ǒu 耦 refers to a man-made or artificial pair or pairing.
- Syntactic words
- ntwo people ploughing together: a man-made pair (unlike one's pair of legs); come in pairs
- nadVas a pair 耦而
偶 ǒu OC: ŋooʔ MC: ŋu 1 AttributionWD
Oㄆ 偶 and ǒu 耦 refers to a man-made or artificial pair or pairing.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto redouble??; to pair up??
駢 pián OC: been MC: ben 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNjoined together
倍用 bèi yòng OC: bɯɯʔ k-loŋs MC: bəi ji̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVdoubly
陪貳 péi èr OC: bɯɯ njis MC: buo̝i ȵi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpair, two together
一 yī MC: 'jit OC: qliɡCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadS1.postS2secondlyCH
Existing SW for
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