USE  用用

INTERACT with FOR one's SELF:own AIMS.
UTILIZEMAKE USE OFAVAIL ONESELF OFEMPLOYWORKOPERATEWIELDPLYAPPLYMANEUVERMANIPULATEPUT TO USEPUT/PRESS INTO SERVICE
Hypernym
  • INTERACTACT so as to CAUSE ANOTHER TO REACT.
    • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
      • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
        • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2....
Hyponym
  • EXHAUST　USE so as to CAUSE NONE to CONTINUE to EXIST.
    • WASTE　EXHAUST UNRESTRAINEDLY, LACKING A GOOD AIM.
  • HOW　USING WHAT METHOD?
    • WEAR　USE as GARMENT.
      • ABUSE　USE BADLY OR WICKEDLY.
        • BETRAY　ABUSE SOMEONE'S TRUST SO AS TO HARM THAT PERSON
      • SPEND　USE MONEY
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The current general word is yòng 用 (ant. fèi 廢 "give up the use of, not use").

        2. Yǐ 以 refers to the use of things as instruments for a given purpose and rarely involves the using up of resources.

        3. Shǐ 使 refers to the deployment of what one controls with no special emphasis on the purpose.

        4. Jiā 加 refers to the deployment or application of something in the course of some action.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        使用

        應用

        利用

        採用

        施用

        運用

        動用

        行使

        役使

        使役

        使喚

        運

        用

        以

        使

        動

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.423

        • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 201

          FRUI, UTI

          225. Inter Frui et uti haec distinctio est. Quod fruimur quo nequaquam carere possumus; utimur quae aliquando nec semper habemus. Ac per hoc uti temporale est, frui vero aeternum.

        • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

          USE

          uti refers to the permanent or lasting use of something.

          usurpare refers to a momentary single act of using.

          frui is antiquated and refers to a lasting use and enjoyment of something desirable.

        • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

          USUS

        • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 123

        • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 271

        • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 288

        Words

        以  yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 320 Attributions

        Yǐ 以 refers to the use of things as instruments for a given purpose and rarely involves the using up of resources.

          Syntactic words
        • npostVt.adV=所以：e.g. 無以知人 "does not that by which to understand men": that whereby, that wherewith
        • vt(oN.)adVe.g. 以顯父母 "in this way make the parents illustrious": using this means> by this means> in this way; with the contextually determinate object, by use of the contextually determinate object/method (the pronominal object of the preposition is omitted)
        • vt(oN.)adV:postadNpostnominal instrumental, N and N coreferentialusing the N to VCH
        • vt+V1.adV2by means of V-ing
        • vt+V1.postadV2e.g. 處之以遵道 'to deal with them by following the right way'': to V2 by V1-ingLZ
        • vt[0]+V1.postadV2得之以強 "become strong by gaining it": to V1 by V2-ingLZ
        • vt[0]oN.postadVe.g. 勉主以禮義 "encourge the ruler by meanins of ritual propriety and righteousness": by means of
        • vt[0]oN.postadVreflexive.己to V using (oneself)
        • vt[oN.]adV:postNe.g. 禮以行之 "using ritual propriety to put things into practice": using the preceding N to V
        • vtoNe.g. 不以目而以心 "not use they eyes but use the mind": make use of; make proper or meaningful use of
        • vtoN(.adV)e.g. 文王以百里 "King Wen (became a great king) with one hundred leagues square": using> with (something) (perform a contextually determinate action or behaviour)
        • vtoN.adVe.g. 以近知遠 "basing oneself on the near understand the distant": making intellectual use of; basing oneself onCH
        • vtoN.adVconcessivee.g. 以孔子之聖 "even if one has the (superb) sagacity of a Confucius": even if using> although one has and uses
        • vtoN.adVN=instrumentusing as an instrument> e.g. 以卵投石 "dash a stone with an egg" by means of, with
        • vtoN.adVreflexive.己以己度人"using oneself to measure others" using (oneself)> with one's own things, by one's own standards
        • vtoN.postadVe.g. 道之以德 "guide them through virtue": To V by using> by means of N; with
        • vtoNfigurativee.g. 以此規 "apply these rules": apply; implement
        • vtonpro.adVe.g. 山以之高 "the mountains are high by virtue of it" by virtue of npro
        • vtoNreflexive.身e.g. 以身教 "instruct through one's own person" using one's own person
        • vtt(oN1.)+N2ome.g. 以鞿羈 "use (the cultivation of beauty) as my bridle and reins": use something contextually determinate N1 as one's N2
        用  yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 79 Attributions

        The current general word is yòng 用 (ant. fèi 廢 "give up the use of, not use")

          Word relations
        • Ant: 失/LOSE The dominant general word for to lose is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get") which refers to any disappearance of something which belonged to one in any sense, but the emphasis tends to be on the loss being the result of a mistake rather than mere insouciance.
        • Ant: 釋/DISCARD Shì 釋 (ant. liú 留 "keep in employment") and the rarer jiě 解 refer to rejecting the continued use of something.
        • Contrast: 利/PROFIT Lì 利 (1. ant. yì 義 "considerations of rectitude"(!!); 2. ant. hài 害 "damage and loss suffered") refers to material profit.
        • Oppos: 舍/REJECT

          Syntactic words
        • nab.post-nproacttheir/its function(s); their practical use; their practical applicationCH
        • vadNpassiveused, expended 用力 "effort expended"
        • vibe useable
        • vt(oN)make use of (with contextually determinate object)
        • vt(oN.)-V[0]use the understood N so as to VCH
        • vt(oN.)adVusing the contextually determinate N to V
        • vt+prep+Nhave use for
        • vtoNmake use of; use (an object as an instrument); use to one's benefit; apply
        • vtoN.-V[0]use N so as to V
        • vtoN.adV[0]using, by the use of, making use of
        • vtoN.postadVusing N, with N (接人用枻)LZ
        • vtoN1.+N2use N1 on N2; apply N1 to N2TWH
        • vtoNfigurativeuse (advice etc.) so as to act in accordance with it > follow
        • vtoNinchoativeintroduce the use use of, start usingCH
        • vtoNpassivebe used; be employed/manifested; be put to use, be put into practice; be used up
        • vtoNpsychmake use of (oneself)
        • vtoNreflexive.自use one's own resources/oneself; deploy one's own person
        • vtoNstativehave use for
        • vttoN1.+prep+N2use N1 on N2; apply N1 to N2
        所以  suǒ yǐ OC: sqraʔ k-lɯʔ MC: ʂi̯ɤ jɨ 17 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NP-V.postN{SUBJ}the means by which N V-s
        • npro-vt.-V(:postN{SUBJ})means by whichwhat the contextually determinate N uses to V; the means by which N V-sCH
        加  jiā OC: kraal MC: kɣɛ 14 Attributions

        Jiā 加 refers to the deployment or application of something in the course of some action.

          Syntactic words
        • vt+prep+Nbe brought to bear on, be put to use onCH
        • vtoNpassivebe used; be set into action (cf: 兵之所加 – Whenever an army is used)DS
        • vtt(oN1.)+N2use something contextually determinate N1 on or against (N2)
        • vtt.+prep+N1:postN2{OBJ}preposed objectapply N2 to N1 賞不加於無功
        • vttoN1.+N2apply (a method, course of action etc N1) (to an object N2) 加之兵
        • vttoN1.+prep+N2use (something N1) on (a goal N2) 加兵於齊 HN: 不能將加誅於子
        施  shī OC: lʰal MC: ɕiɛ 12 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • nab.texercise (of power) over N; use of N (probably ad hoc nominalisation, not really lexicalised. Must be deleted in the end, but can be kept as an example of the kind of thing we do not need. C.H.)
        • vtoNdeploy; make proficient use of; make practical use of (e.g. a scaling ladder); exercise
        • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: apply effectively to something else (by way of generalisation)JZ 9.3, Liu Hui 掇 comm: 將以施于諸率。故先具此術以見其源也 "(The canon) is designed to effectively apply this method to all lyu-triangles (or lyu-procedures). Therefore it first provides this procedure in order then to bring out into the open the source (from which all these lyu spring)."
        • vtt(oN1.)+N2use the contextually determinate N1 for use on N2CH
        假  jiǎ OC: kraaʔ MC: kɣɛ 9 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vt+prep+Nuse (what is not one's due)
        • vtoNavail oneself of, use (what is not one's own)
        用處  yòng chù OC: k-loŋs qhljas MC: ji̯oŋ tɕhi̯ɤ 6 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NPabuse, function (> activity), advantage
        奮  fèn OC: pɯns MC: pi̯un 4 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNdeploy vigorously
        式  shì OC: lʰɯɡ MC: ɕɨk 4 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vt+prep+Nemphasise the use of, pay special attention to the use of
        • vtoNuse; GUAN apparently: use and take along
        有  yǒu MC: hjuwX OC: ɢʷɯʔLZ 4 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNuse N, make use of NLZ
        服  fú OC: bɯɡ MC: buk 3 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNuse, deploy (weapons, armies, vehicles)
        因  yīn OC: qin MC: ʔin 3 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNavail oneself of
        • vtoN.adVavailing oneself of N (to V)CH
        • vttoN1.+prep+N2N2=sourceavail oneself of N1 from the source N2DS
        為  wéi MC: hjweH OC: ɢʷalCH 3 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vttoN1.post-vtoN2{OBJ}use N2 as N1; treat2 as N1CH
        事  shì OC: dzrɯs MC: ɖʐɨ 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNcausativeCAUSE TO ENGAGE IN ACTION> deploy (horses in battle); use (one's strength); set to work (people)
        庸  yōng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNabemploy an abstract object (e.g. lenient approach)LZ
        • vtoNpsychdeploy (oneself), exert (oneself); use (one's own) energies
        持  chí OC: ɡrlɯ MC: ɖɨ 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vt(oN.)adVusing the contextually determinate N to VDS
        • vtoN.adVusing N to V
        由  yóu OC: liw MC: jɨu 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoN.postadVusing (mostly negated)
        稱  chēng OC: thjɯŋ MC: tɕhɨŋ 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNdeploy, use (military force) 稱兵
        以用  yǐ yòng OC: k-lɯʔ k-loŋs MC: jɨ ji̯oŋ 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • VPt(+N.)adVuse the contextually determinate N and go ahead to V
        將  jiàng OC: skaŋs MC: tsi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vt[0]oN.adVto V using N (synonymous with 以)LZ
        • vtoNemploy, use
        利  lì OC: rids MC: li 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • nabactthe use of something
        • vtoNmake use of, deploy; put into practice
        節用  jié yòng MC: tset yowngH OC: tsiiɡ k-loŋsLZ 2 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • VPtoNto use N frugallyLZ
        任  rèn OC: njɯms MC: ȵim 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNmake use of
        使  shǐ OC: srɯʔ MC: ʂɨ 1 Attribution

        Shǐ 使 refers to the deployment of what one controls with no special emphasis on the purpose.

          Syntactic words
        • vtoNuseDS
        投  tóu OC: doo MC: du 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNapply, dispense (medicine etc)
        假借  jiǎ jiè OC: kraaʔ skjaags MC: kɣɛ tsɣɛ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • VPt(oN)use the contextually determinate object in any way
        • VPt+N.adVusing, making use of
        用為  yòng wéi OC: k-loŋs ɢʷal MC: ji̯oŋ ɦiɛ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • VPtt(oN1.)+N2use N1 as N2, make use of as
        掎挈  jǐ qiè MC: kjeX khet OC: kralʔ kheedLZ 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • VPt[oN]to exploit others' weak points (XUN)LZ
        命  mìng MC: mjaengH OC: mɢreŋsDS 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNcall for > use N for one's purpose (HDC)DS
        御  yù OC: ŋas MC: ŋi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoN1. (of emperors or highly elevated persons) make use of
        行  xíng OC: ɢraaŋ MC: ɦɣaŋ 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNdeploy (arms etc)
        持用  chí yòng OC: ɡrlɯ k-loŋs MC: ɖɨ ji̯oŋ 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • VPt(oN)by means of, using
        • VPt+N.adVusing N to V
        窮  qióng OC: ɡʷɯŋ MC: guŋ 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNuse a whole lot of (should probably be vtoNm）

        Existing SW for

        Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: