FROM    自從由／自

BEGINING with in SPACE, in TIME.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Yóu 由 focusses on the coming out from, and the reference is primarily to a place, but can also be to cause. 2. Zì 自 focusses on initiation, and the reference is primarily to a time, but can also be to a place, and to the arrangement of an abstract series. 3. Cóng 從 derives its meaning from "to follow", and the reference is primarily to a place, but it can also be to an origin or cause, much more rarely to a time. 4. Yú 於 basically means "in relation to", and one of the specific meanings is "in separative relation to, from". 5. Hū 乎 basically means "in relation to", and one of its rarer specific meanings is "in separative relation to, from". 6. Dào 道 "by way of" may refer literally to a direction, but it may also refer more abstractly to a means. See USE.
Modern Chinese Criteria
從 自 由 打 起 於 自從 從打 打從 自打 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING
Hyponym
  • AWAYnew-2f253a81-13d0-4613-a53a-8113d0c61303　FROM HERE OR FROM THERE, DISTANT FROM one's SELF:own DWELLING.  (anc: 15/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • BEGIN　ENDURINGLY STOP NOT to ACT OR to BE RESEMBLING:as in the PAST. (anc: 13/0, child: 4)
  • STOP　ACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION. (anc: 12/0, child: 10)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 449©

    A vel ab,

    nota initij respectu (1) temporis (2) loci (3) causae efficientis

    ut, Terra habitari coepta est (1) a Diluvio (2) a monte Ararat (3) ab hominibus.

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 66

    • Words (12 items)

    自  zì OC: sblids MC: dzi 110 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vt+:N{PLACE}1.+yi3+N{PLACE}2from Npl1 in the direction of Npl2 自陝已東
    • vt+V1.postV2from 至自伐鄭
    • vt.+SadNfrom the time SadN onwards 自君別我後
    • vt0+N.adStimefrom the time N onwardsCH
    • vt0+N1.+Vt0+prep+N2:postadVfrom (N1 to N2) (also in a listing)
    • vt01+N1.advt02+prep+N2:adSfrom (the beginning of an abstract series 自天子達於庶人
    • vt[0]oN.postadNfrom
    • vt[0]oN.postadVOBI 4: from 出自湯谷
    • vt[0]oN.postadVreflexive.己from (oneself)
    • vt[0]oN1.adVdirectionfrom 自舟中墜DS
    • vt[0]oN1[.adN2]those from the place N1LZ
    • vt[0]oNdirectionfrom (a place)LZ
    • vt[0]oNPab{S}.postadVfrom NP-ing [Note that the syntactic category will become vt[0]+NPab[S] if we systematically implement the current interpretation of prepositions.]
    • vto.N以後/下.adSfrom the time N onwards, S
    • vtoNOBI 3: come from
    • vtoN.adStemporalfrom time N onwards [note that N tends to refer to a point in time rather than to a quantified stretch of time]
    • vtoN.adVOBI 5: from; starting out from a place; 自楚之滕 "went from Chu3 to Te2ng" also a time: 所自生 "that wherefrom something is born"
    • vtoN.adV:adSfrom (my point of view)...; from (this time onwards
    • vtoN.adVfigurative(abstractly) fromCH
    • vtoN.adVpsychto V taking (oneself) as the point fo departure
    • vtoN1.+VtoN2:adStimefrom N1 to N2 (自古及今)LZ
    • vtoNab{ACT}.postadVfrom (doing something)
    • vtoNreflexive.己take one's point of departure from (oneself)
    • vtoS.+yi3+Vfrom the time when S onwards
    從  cóng OC: dzoŋ MC: dzi̯oŋ 48 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN.)+Vto V from the contextually determinate N
    • vtoN(come on>) follow from, be the result of; be in accordance with
    • vtoN.adVfrom
    • vtoN.adVfigurativeform > deriving from; on the basis of
    • vtoN.adVN=abstractfrom (an abstract location)
    由  yóu OC: liw MC: jɨu 30 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcome out through, emerge through, emerge from
    • vtoN.adVcoming forth from, from
    • vtoN.adVfigurativefrom (abstractly, non spatially), taking as a point of departure
    • vtoNfigurativecome from, arise from; have as a basis
    於  yú OC: qa MC: ʔi̯ɤ 26 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[0]oN.postadV免於今之世"get away from the present world": away from, out fromCH
    • vt[0]oN.postadVN=sourcefrom the source NCH
    • vtoN.adVtfrom
    • vtoN.postadVfromCH
    • vtoN.postV{PASS}from 得於"be obtained from"
    乎  hū OC: ɢaa MC: ɦuo̝ 18 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[0]oN.postadV異乎我與若"be different from me and you": (distant or away or originating) from
    導  dǎo OC: ɡ-luus MC: dɑu
    導道  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 15 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalthe source from which something arises, the reason why something occurs
    • vtoN.adVdǎo?? by way of, through; by means of
    所從  suǒ cóng MC: srjoX dzjowng OC: sqraʔ dzoŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPobject: the place wherefrom DS
    去  qù OC: khas MC: khi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.adVfrom
    向  xiàng OC: qhaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
    • Studies in the Language of Zu-tang Ji 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004C) p. 333

    • 虛詞歷史詞典 Xūcí lìshǐ cídiǎn A Historical Dictionary of Function Words ( HE JINSONG 1994) p. 279

      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.adVfrom (this is a Tang vernacular usage of xiàng; there are examples in ZTJ and BIANWEN, occasionally in Tang poetry; there are also occasional examples dating from the Song and even later periods, e.g. GUZUN, XIYOUJI)
    所自  suǒ zì OC: sqraʔ sblids MC: ʂi̯ɤ dzi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPobjectthe place wherefrom
    猶  yóu OC: k-lu MC: jɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.adVloan for 由: from
    于  yú OC: ɢʷra MC: ɦi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[0]oN.postadVOBI: from