LONG    長長

BIG in ONE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION. See also ENDURING.
EXTENDED
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The dominant general term for length is cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "short"). 2. Xiū 修 / 脩 is Chu dialect for "long". The word is often used as a taboo equivalent for cháng 長 when the latter has to be avoided because it is the name of an emperor. 3. Zhāng 張 (ant. suō 縮 "shortened") refers to something that is longer than expected or longer than it was before. 4. Yōu 悠 can occasionally refer to something being long so as to take a long time to pass through. See ENDURING 5. Màn màn 漫漫 refers to something having a long horizontal extension. See ENDURING
Modern Chinese Criteria
長 修 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • STRETCH OUT　CAUSE TO BECOME MORE LONG. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • SHORTSMALL in THE MOST LONG HORIZONTAL DIMENSION.
See also
  • ENDURINGBIG in respect of the PERIOD something EXISTS, HAPPENS, OR is being ACTED:done.
  • ENDURINGBIG in respect of the PERIOD something EXISTS, HAPPENS, OR is being ACTED:done.
  • BROADBIG in the MORE SMALL HORIZONTAL DIRECTION:dimension.
Hypernym
  • BIG　OF INTENSE SIZE OR DEGREE IN-RELATION-TO a STANDARD, OR IN-RELATION-TO the SIZE of a HUMAN. (anc: 7/0, child: 15)
  • SIZE　QUANTITY of a DIMENSION. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • QUANTITY　DEGREE of being MANY OR FEW that CAN be MEASURED OR COUNTED. (anc: 5/0, child: 3)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 12.57

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 262

    • Words (18 items)

    長  cháng OC: ɡrlaŋ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ 18 Attributions

    The dominant general term for length is cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "short").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 短/SHORT The current general term for shortness is duǎn 短 (ant. cháng 長 "long").
    • Contrast: 大/BIG The general word is dà 大 (ant. xiǎo 小 "small").

      Syntactic words
    • nabdimensionCHEMLA 2003: the dimension corresponding to the length rather than the width of an object (which might be less than the height!)
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: quantified linear extension
    • nabstativeheight (of the body)
    • nsubjectthat which is (too) long
    • vadNlong
    • vibe (relatively) long
    • vigradedbe long(er)
    • vt+Ngradedhave N longer than normalLZ
    • vt+Nstativebe long to the extent of, be as long asLZ
    • vtoNcausativecause to be longer> extend
    短長  duǎn cháng OC: toonʔ ɡrlaŋ MC: tʷɑn ɖi̯ɐŋ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturerelative length
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}conceptlength
    • VPadNshort or long
    脩  xiū OC: sqlɯw MC: sɨu 6 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 短/SHORT The current general term for shortness is duǎn 短 (ant. cháng 長 "long").

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeaturelength
    • vadNespecially in excavated literature standard substitution for tabooed 長: long
    • vi
    從  zòng OC: dzoŋs MC: dzi̯oŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • n(post-N)mathematical termthe length (of a contextually determinate N)VK
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: length in the east-west direction
    長短  cháng duǎn OC: ɡrlaŋ toonʔ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ tʷɑn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}conceptlength
    • NPab{nab1ant.nab2}featurelength
    尋常  xún cháng MC: zim dzyang OC: ljum djaŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabany significant distance in spaceCH
    永  yǒng OC: ɢʷaŋʔ MC: ɦɣaŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe physically long
    距  jù MC: gjoX OC: ɡaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi= 巨 be large/longCH
    遙  yáo OC: k-lew MC: jiɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNtimedistant in time CC 遙夜 "long nights"
    脩短  xiū duǎn MC: sjuw twanX OC: sqlɯw toonʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeaturelengthCH
    修  xiū OC: sqlɯw MC: sɨu 1 Attribution

    Xiū 修/脩 is Chu dialect for "long". The word is often used as a taboo equivalent for cháng 長 when the latter has to be avoided because it is the name of an emperor.

      Syntactic words
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    • vadNlong (bamboo etc.)DS
    • vibe long (and large/big); ZGC: (of persons) be (so and so many feet) tall
    豐約  fēng yuē MC: phjuwng 'jak OC: phuŋ qplewɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabderivedprofuseness or brevity> relative stylistic elaborationCH
    袤  mào OC: moos MC: mu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: the longest side of a polyhedric solid, and in JZ 9 it also refers to the longest side of a rectangle.The word is glossed by Zhào Shuǎng's 趙爽　commentary to ZB as 長也.
    張  zhāng OC: krlaŋ MC: ʈi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions

    Zhāng 張 (ant. suō 縮"shortened") refers to something that is longer than expected or longer than it was before.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 約/RESTRAIN The current general word for restraining something or someone is yuē 約 (ant. zòng 縱 "give free rein to").

      Syntactic words
    • vadNtightened??
    • viextended; broad
    • vtoNpull (bow), tighten see STRETCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabderivedprofuseness or brevity> relative stylistic elaborationCH
    曼  màn OC: mons MC: mi̯ɐn 0 Attributions

    Màn màn 漫漫 refers to something having a long horizontal extension. See ENDURING

      Syntactic words
    • vadNrare, poetic shi, CC: long (and thin, winding), elongated
    梴  chān OC: lʰan MC: ʈhiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nlong timber
    羕  yàng OC: k-laŋs MC: ji̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vilong (river)