SIGH 歎氣歎
BREATHE out INTENSELY AND LOUDLY so as to SHOW one's SELF:own SADNESS.
BREATHE OUTEXHALEGROANMOAN
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for any kind of sigh or groan is tàn 歎.
2. Tài xí 太息 refers to sighing not as a sign of distress but of any heightened emotion.
3. Kuì rán 喟然 refers almost onomatopoetically to the sound of sighing.
4. Shēn 呻 refers to a slow and drawn-out sigh, according to tradition.
5. Yín 吟 refers, according to tradition, to a somewhat shorter and more eruptive sigh.
6. Wǎn 惋 refers to a sigh expressive of distress.
7. Jiē 嗟 refers typically to a demonstrative sigh (or occasionally even lamentation), but this demonstrative sigh can also signify admiration.
8. Kài 慨 refers to an intense sigh of heightened emotion of any kind.
9. Xī xū 欷歔 and the earlier xū xī 歔欷 refer to tearful sighs of distress.
2. Tài xí 太息 refers to sighing not as a sign of distress but of any heightened emotion.
3. Kuì rán 喟然 refers almost onomatopoetically to the sound of sighing.
4. Shēn 呻 refers to a slow and drawn-out sigh, according to tradition.
5. Yín 吟 refers, according to tradition, to a somewhat shorter and more eruptive sigh.
6. Wǎn 惋 refers to a sigh expressive of distress.
7. Jiē 嗟 refers typically to a demonstrative sigh (or occasionally even lamentation), but this demonstrative sigh can also signify admiration.
8. Kài 慨 refers to an intense sigh of heightened emotion of any kind.
9. Xī xū 欷歔 and the earlier xū xī 歔欷 refer to tearful sighs of distress.
Modern Chinese Criteria
嘆氣／歎氣 is the current general modern word for sighing.
嘆息
太息
嗟嘆
咨嗟
興嘆
長嘆
浩嘆
悲嘆
哀嘆
吟嘯
慨嘆
喟嘆
感慨
感嘆
感喟
慨然
喟然
唉聲嘆氣
長吁短嘆
嘆
噓
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
嘆息
太息
嗟嘆
咨嗟
興嘆
長嘆
浩嘆
悲嘆
哀嘆
吟嘯
慨嘆
喟嘆
感慨
感嘆
感喟
慨然
喟然
唉聲嘆氣
長吁短嘆
嘆
噓
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
16.39 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
SIGH
suspirare is a deep drawing of the breath and then forcible emission of it, as the immediate consequence of an afflictd heart.
gemere refers to a groan, and it is more of a voluntary act in order to give vent to the afflicted heart.
- Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
101 - Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
52A
Words
太息 tài xī OC: thaads sqlɯɡ MC: thɑi sɨk 39 AttributionsWD
Tài xí 太息 refers to sighing not as a sign of distress but of any heightened emotion.
- Syntactic words
- VPiactsigh (as a sign of hightened emotion)
歎 tàn MC: thanH OC: mqhlaans
嘆 tàn OC: mqhlaans MC: thɑn 28 AttributionsWD
The current general word for any kind of sigh or groan is tàn 歎.
- Syntactic words
- nabactsigh; sighs; sighing
- vadVwith a sigh 歎曰
- vichime in with an operatic sighCH
- viactto sigh
- viinchoativestart to sighCH
- vtoNto sigh about, heave sighs concerning (often sighs of admiration)
- vtoNsigh disapprovingly, giving up on NCH
- vtoSsigh about S
喟然 kuì rán OC: khruds njen MC: khi ȵiɛn 8 AttributionsWD
Kuì rán 喟然 refers perhaps almost onomatopoetically to the sound of sighing.
- Syntactic words
- VPadSwith a deep sigh; mournfully
- VPiactutter a deep emotional sigh
嗟 jiē OC: skal MC: tsɣɛ 7 AttributionsWD
Jiē 嗟 refers typically to a demonstrative sigh (or occasionally even lamentation), but this demonstrative sigh can also signify admiration.
- Syntactic words
- nabactsighing (in joy); rejoicing
- vadNsighing; or: causing one to sigh
- vi0exclamatoryalas!
- viactsigh, lament
- vtoNheave a sigh about
噫 yī OC: qɯ MC: ʔɨ
噫意 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- visigh out of admiration
- vi0exclamatorynegative: oh!
- viregretsigh out of regret
大息 dà xī OC: daads sqlɯɡ MC: dɑi sɨk 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactheave a deep sigh
吟 yín OC: ŋɡrɯm MC: ŋim 3 AttributionsWD
Yín 吟 refers, according to tradition, to a somewhat shorter and more eruptive sigh.
- Word relations
- Epithet: 長/ENDURING
Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life.
- Syntactic words
- viactmoan and lament quietly
- vtoNpoeticto sigh (the wind)
喟 kuài OC: khruuds MC: khɣɛi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vi-V{SUFF}.adVsigh
- vi.redactsigh continuously or intensely; be sighing
息 xī OC: sqlɯɡ MC: sɨk 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactheave a sigh; usually in 太息
愾 kài OC: khɯɯds MC: khɑi
慨 kài OC: khɯɯds MC: khɑi 3 AttributionsWD
Kài 慨 refers to an intense sigh of heightened emotion of any kind.
- Syntactic words
- nabactsighs
- vadVwith a groaning sighCH
- vi-P.adVwith a sighCH
- viactgroan
嗟嘆 jiē tàn OC: skal mqhlaans MC: tsɣɛ thɑn 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactsighing
- VPadVwith a sigh
- VPiactto sigh (in admiration or in despair)
嗟歎 jiē tàn OC: skal mqhlaans MC: tsɣɛ thɑn 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactsigh
- VPtoNsigh in admiration of
哽咽 gěng yàn OC: kraaŋʔ qiins MC: kɣaŋ ʔen 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactsob violently
吁 xū OC: qhʷla MC: hi̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNsighing
- viactsigh of amazement or astonishment
咨 zī OC: sti MC: tsi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- viactmoan; groan
嗄 shà OC: sqraas MC: ʂɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- viactto sigh (as an expression of disapproval)
惋 wǎn OC: qoons MC: ʔʷɑn 1 AttributionWD
Wǎn 惋 refers to a sigh expressive of distress.
- Syntactic words
- viactsigh of regret and resentment
咨嗟 zī jiē OC: sti skal MC: tsi tsɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoSquotationsigh: S
喟歎 kuì tàn OC: khruds mqhlaans MC: khi thɑn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVsighing profusely
噓欷 xū xī OC: qhla qhlɯl MC: hi̯ɤ hɨi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactsobbing
悲歎 bēi tàn OC: prɯl mqhlaans MC: pi thɑn
悲嘆 bēi tàn OC: prɯl mqhlaans MC: pi thɑn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactsigh
憂吟 yōu yín OC: qu ŋɡrɯm MC: ʔɨu ŋim 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactsigh as a sign of profound worry
意 yī MC: -- OC: -- 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padSAlas! ...CH
噓 xù MC: -- OC: qhlasCH 1 AttributionWD
- Word relations
- Synon: 歎 / 嘆/SIGH
The current general word for any kind of sigh or groan is tàn 歎.
- Syntactic words
- viactsighCH
呻 shēn OC: lʰin MC: ɕin 0 AttributionsWD
Shēn 呻 refers to a slow and drawn-out sigh, according to tradition.
- Syntactic words
- viactmoan in a long-drawn way
唶 jiè OC: MC: tsɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
zé
- Syntactic words
- vadNsighing
- vi.redactbe full of sighs
嚬 pín OC: bin MC: bin 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactsigh
欷 xī OC: qhlɯl MC: hɨi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vipoetic: be tearful, full of sighs
欸 āi OC: qɯɯ MC: ʔəi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vi0exclamatorypost-Han: affirmative: oh!
嘆服 tàn fú OC: mqhlaans bɯɡ MC: thɑn buk
歎服 tàn fú OC: mqhlaans bɯɡ MC: thɑn buk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactheave a sigh of admiration
欷歔 xī xū OC: qhlɯl qhla MC: hɨi hi̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
Xī xū 欷歔 and the earlier xū xī 歔欷refer to tearful sighs of distress.
- Syntactic words
- VPiactbe tearful and full of sighs
歎息 tàn xī OC: mqhlaans sqlɯɡ MC: thɑn sɨk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactsighs
- VPiactsigh
歔欷 xū xī OC: qhla qhlɯl MC: hi̯ɤ hɨi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPibe tearful and full of sighs
Existing SW for
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