HINDER    阻礙阻

STOP from ACT:doing what someone or something INTENDS to ACT:do.
PREVENTHAMPEROBSTRUCTIMPEDEINHIBITRETARDBALKPREVENTTHWARTFOILCURBDELAYARRESTINTERFERE WITHSET BACKSLOW DOWNHOBBLEHOLD BACKHOLD UPSTOPHALTRESTRICTRESTRAINCONSTRAINBLOCKCHECKCURTAILFRUSTRATECRAMPHANDICAPCRIPPLEHAMSTRINGINFORMAL STYMIETHROW A WRENCH IN THE WORKS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for putting obstacles in the way of something or someone is zǔ 阻 (ant. zhù 助 "help"). See also BLOCK 2. Jǔ 沮 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage") refers to failing to support someone else and dissuading him from pursuing an intended course of action. 3. Zhàng 障 refers to putting a permanent hindrance in the way of something. 4. Ài 礙 refers to an action designed to prevent another action, but the word gained currency quite late. 5. Jù 距 / 拒 refers to an action designed to counteract another action that has been undertaken.
Modern Chinese Criteria
阻礙 妨礙 障礙 干礙 關礙 阻扰 打扰 阻止 礙事 礙 妨 絆 掣 擋 攔 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • BLOCK　HINDER something by PUTTING something in a PLACE where it CAUSES THINGS which NORMALLY CAN MOVE in that PLACE NOT TO MOVE there. (anc: 14/0, child: 1)
  • FEND OFF　HINDER someone who ATTACKS so as to CAUSE him TO LEAVE. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • GATE　MOBILE TIMBER HINDER:barrier IN a BIG HOLE THROUGH WHICH ONE WALKS so as to ENTER something. (anc: 14/0, child: 1)
  • RESTRAIN　HINDER from being UNRESTRAINED. (anc: 14/0, child: 2)
Antonym
  • CAUSE TOMOVE in SUCH a way that THEREFORE someone or something else CHANGES.
  • HELPTRY to PROFIT someone OR to CAUSE a person TO ACHIEVE something one BELIEVES is DIFFICULT for that person.
See also
  • FORBIDCOMMAND NOT to ACT:do something.
Hypernym
  • STOP　ACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION. (anc: 12/0, child: 10)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.59

  • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 101

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 116

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 116

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.210.171

    DIFFICULTE.OBSTACLE.EMPECHEMENT

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.304

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 173

    • Words (41 items)

    阻  zǔ OC: skraʔ MC: ʈʂi̯ɤ 13 Attributions

    The current general word for putting obstacles in the way of something or someone is zǔ 阻 (ant. zhù 助 "help"). See also BLOCK

      Syntactic words
    • nnatural hindrance like rivers or mountains which prevent convenient transportation
    • nabsocialcountable: impedimentsCH
    • vtoNto impede, to hinder; block
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe blocked; be impeded
    沮  jǔ OC: sɡaʔ MC: dzi̯ɤ 13 Attributions

    Jǔ 沮(ant. quàn 勸 "encourage") refers to failing to support someone else and dissuading him from pursuing an intended course of action.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]hinder [evil]
    • vtoNhinder, discourage, dissuade
    • vtoNpassivebe hindered; be stopped; be halted; feel prevented/discouraged
    障  zhàng OC: kjaŋs MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 11 Attributions

    Zhàng 障 refers to putting a permanent hindrance in the way of something.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 塞/BLOCK Sè 塞 (ant. tōng 通 "be unblocked") is the standard word for blocking the progress of something, or for blocking up an opening, and the word specifically refers to the blocking of things from getting out of something. [GENERAL]

      Syntactic words
    • nblock; hindrance
    • nabpsychBUDDH: mental hindrance; psychological obstruction
    • nadNfigurativeinhibiting
    • vt+prep+Nimpede something
    • vtoNobstruct; block; keep at bay
    • vtoNpassivebe blocked from seeing things
    止  zhǐ OC: kljɯʔ MC: tɕɨ 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)
    • vt[oN]hinder what should be hindered, typically crimes (禁止 "prohibitions hinder [illegal deeds]")LZ
    • vtoNstop, hinder, prevent
    • vtoNpassive
    妨  fāng OC: phaŋ MC: phi̯ɐŋ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nbe in the way of
    • vt+V[0]be a hindrance to V
    • vtoNpassivemiddle voice, figurative: be blocked from viewCH
    • vtoNpsychhinder (oneself)
    • vtoNstativebe in the way of, be a hindrance to, prevent
    • vttoN.+V[0]hinder somebody to V
    防  fáng OC: baŋ MC: bi̯ɐŋ 6 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 禁/FORBID The current dominant general word referring to public prohibition is jìn 禁 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage").

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNguard against; prevent
    • vtoNimperativehinder!
    撓  náo OC: mɢreewʔ MC: ɳɣɛu 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinterfere with; confuse and stand in the way of
    • vtoNcausativeprovoke (somebody N) to perform an action that he/she does not want to perform at the moment
    要  yāo OC: qew MC: ʔiɛu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)intercept; to block (a contextually determinate object); prevent (a contextually determinate object) moving further
    • vtoNhinder, stand in the way of; intercept
    距  jù OC: ɡaʔ MC: gi̯ɤ 3 Attributions

    Jù 距/拒 refers to an action designed to counteract another action that has been undertaken.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNstave off; block and keep away, hinder and keep at a distance
    隔  gé OC: kreeɡ MC: kɣɛk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNobstruct, get in the way of, get between
    • vtoN.adVhindered by, separated by; with N inbetween
    • vtoNfigurativebe obstructed; be hindered
    御  yù OC: ŋas MC: ŋi̯ɤ 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Object: 寒/COLD The standard current word referring to coldness is hán 寒 (ant. standardly shǔ 暑, but also wēn 溫, rè 熱 "warm").

      Syntactic words
    • vistand in the way, be in the way, be a hindrance
    • vt(oN)stand in the way/hinder the contextually determinate N
    • vtoNstand in the way of
    滯  zhì OC: dads MC: ɖiɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nobstacle which clogs things (typically waterways)
    • vt(oN)stop or impede the contextually determinate N
    • vtoNpassiveget bogged down with, get stuck with
    礙  ài OC: ŋɡɯɯs MC: ŋəi 3 Attributions

    Ài 礙 refers to an action designed to prevent another action, but the word gained currency quite late.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfeatureobstacle, hindrance
    • nabfigurativeobstruction
    • vtoNLIE: to obstruct, impede
    障礙  zhāng ài OC: kjaŋ ŋɡɯɯs MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ ŋəi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPhindrance, obstacle
    險阻  xiǎn zǔ OC: qhromʔ skraʔ MC: hiɛm ʈʂi̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPobstacle; hindrance; strategic natural hindrance
    • NPadNdefensiveCH
    塞  sāi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabstativehindranceLZ
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe prevented from functioning properly, be impededCH
    勿使  wù shǐ OC: mɯd srɯʔ MC: mi̯ut ʂɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]prevent the contextually determinate N from V-ing; ensure that N does not V
    胠  qū MC: -- OC: kha 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt prep N= qu1 阹: get stuck at the place N, become stranded at the place NLZ
    卻滯  què zhì OC: khaɡ dads MC: khi̯ɐk ɖiɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)block up, hinder the free flow of
    障塞  zhàng sāi OC: kjaŋs sɯɯɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ sək 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe blocked
    閡  ài OC: ŋɡɯɯɡs MC: ŋəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nhindrance, blockageCH
    • vtoNobstruct; hinder (LIE) ??
    禁御  jìn yù MC: kimH ngjoH OC: krɯms ŋas 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)stop the contextually determinate N doing what they are doingCH
    險塞  xiǎn sài MC: xjemX sojH OC: qhromʔ sɯɯɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPobstaclesCH
    阻礙  zǔ ài OC: skraʔ ŋɡɯɯs MC: ʈʂi̯ɤ ŋəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPhindrance
    妨廢  fāng fèi OC: phaŋ pods MC: phi̯ɐŋ pi̯ɐi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNhinder and lead to the abandonment of
    防護  fáng hù OC: baŋ ɢʷaaɡs MC: bi̯ɐŋ ɦuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNhinder; keep abay; keep away
    為難  wéi nán OC: ɢʷal mɢlaan MC: ɦiɛ nɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtpost.vt+Ncause trouble for 與N為難
    前卻  qián què OC: dzeen khaɡ MC: dzen khi̯ɐk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe interfered with
    傺  chì OC: khrleds MC: ʈhiɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhinder; detain
    • vtoNpassivebe hindered; detained
    障隔  zhāng gé OC: kjaŋ kreeɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ kɣɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfigurativehinrance, obstacle
    堙  yīn OC: qin MC: ʔin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhinder the flow of, dam up
    夭閼  yāo è OC: qrow qaad MC: ʔiɛu ʔɑt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNstand in the way of
    戶  hù OC: ɡlaaʔ MC: ɦuo̝
    扈  hù OC: ɡlaaʔ MC: ɦuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhinder, dissuade
    滯留  zhì liú MC: drjejH ljuw OC: dads b-ru 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabhindranceLZ
    罣礙  guà ài OC: kʷrees ŋɡɯɯs MC: kɣɛ ŋəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfigurativehindrance, obstruction
    • VPtoNfigurativehinder, obstruct
    不通  bù tōng MC: pjut thuwng OC: pɯʔ kh-looŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcausativecause not to proceed efficientlyCH
    輅  lù OC: ɡ-raaɡs MC: luo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNread yà intercept
    錮  gù OC: kaaɡs MC: kuo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbar from taking office; bar from employment
    阻絕  zǔ jué OC: skraʔ dzod MC: ʈʂi̯ɤ dziɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe impeded
    左  zuǒ OC: skaalʔ MC: tsɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNab{S}be in the way of; oppose
    礙  ài OC: ŋɡɯɯɡs MC: ŋəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhinder; obstruct (LIE)