夷狄  yí dí OC: li deeɡ MC: ji dek 35 AttributionsWD

Yí and Dí barbarians> by metonymy: barbarians in general. Perhaps the most current general word for peoples who were taken not to belong to the Huáxiá 華夏 community is yí dí 夷狄.

Word relations
• Oppos: 諸夏/CHINA 諸夏 refers to the various territories construed as originally under Xià influence; the various successor peoples of the (civilised 雅) Xià 2 Attributions

Syntactic words
• NPabfeaturebarbarianism; barbarian waysCH3 Attributions
• NPadNof a barbarian nature, dominated by barbarians3 Attributions
• NPadNbarbarian, characteristic of barbariansCH1 Attribution
• NPcollectivethe non-Huaxia "barbarians" of all kinds (not limited to the Yi and the Di21 Attributions
• NPnonreferential(any) barbariansCH5 Attributions
• NPplural, specificthe Yí as well as the DíCH1 Attribution
• VPtoNattitudinaltreat as a barbarian1 Attribution

夷  yí OC: li MC: ji 11 AttributionsWD

Yí 夷 was originally a name of eastern barbarians, later it came to be used as a general term for barbarians.

Word relations
• Ant: 夏/CHINA1 Attribution
• Assoc: 狄/BARBARIAN Dí 狄 refers to northern barbarians. 2 Attributions
• Assoc: 蠻/BARBARIAN Mán 蠻 is a general term for southern barbarians. 1 Attribution
• Oppos: 華/CHINESE1 Attribution

Syntactic words
• nadNbarbarian, of barbarian character, different form what is current in the central areas2 Attributions
• ncollectivebarbarians2 Attributions
• npra non-Chinese people in Zhou times; eastern barbarian; general: barbarians6 Attributions
• nsubj=nonhumanwhat is barbarian0 Attributions
• n{PRED}be barbarian in nature; belong to the Yi barbarians1 Attribution

淮夷  huái yí OC: ɡruul li MC: ɦɣɛi ji 10 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPcollectivethe Huai barbarians10 Attributions

戎狄  róng dí OC: njuŋ deeɡ MC: ȵuŋ dek 9 AttributionsWD

Róngdí 戎狄 is another term referring generically to the peoples who were taken not to belong to the Huáxiá 華夏 community, but also more specifically to the western and northern barbarians.

Word relations
• Oppos: 華/CHINESE1 Attribution

Syntactic words
• NPpluralthe barbarians, any barbarians9 Attributions

戎  róng OC: njuŋ MC: ȵuŋ 7 AttributionsWD

Róng 戎 refers to western barbarians.

Word relations
• Ant: 華/CHINESE1 Attribution
• Assoc: 寇/ENEMY Kòu 寇 is an enemy of the state, often a foreigner. 1 Attribution
• Assoc: 狄/BARBARIAN Dí 狄 refers to northern barbarians. 1 Attribution

Syntactic words
• nadVmannerin the manner of the Rong barbarians of the West2 Attributions
• nprRóng barbarian; note that all enemies of the Zhōu were currently described as Róng.5 Attributions
• vibe barbarian, belong to the Ro2ng Barbarians0 Attributions

狄  dí OC: deeɡ MC: dek 7 AttributionsWD

Dí 狄 refers to northern barbarians.

Word relations
• Assoc: 夷/BARBARIAN Yí 夷 was originally a name of eastern barbarians, later it came to be used as a general term for barbarians. 2 Attributions
• Assoc: 戎/BARBARIAN Róng 戎 refers to western barbarians. 1 Attribution

Syntactic words
• nadNof northern barbarian descent1 Attribution
• ncollectiveDí barbarian, northern barbarian5 Attributions
• nsingularthe (contextually determinate) barbarian1 Attribution

四夷  sì yí OC: plids li MC: si ji 7 AttributionsWD

Sì dí 四狄 is a general term for the various types of peoples that were not taken to belong the Huáxiá 華夏 community, but more specifically to those of the north. Sometimes the term wǔ yí 五夷 is used.

Word relations
• Oppos: 中國/CHINA

Syntactic words
• NP{vadN}collectivebarbarians which surround the whole of China in all directions7 Attributions

九夷  jiǔ yí OC: kuʔ li MC: kɨu ji 5 AttributionsWD

Jiǔ yí 九夷 is another term referring generically to the peoples who were taken not to belong to the Huáxiá 華夏 community, but more specifically to those of the East.

Syntactic words
• NPcollectivethe barbarians [NOT: the nine kinds vis-a-vis other kinds of barbarians!]4 Attributions
• NPplacethe Nine Barbarians Territories1 Attribution

胡  hú OC: ɡaa MC: ɦuo̝ 4 AttributionsWD

Hú 胡 in Zhanguo period referred to the barbarians living to the north of the states of Qín 秦, Zhaò 趙 and Yàn 燕, which later became to be known as Xiōngnǔ 匈奴.

Syntactic words
• nadNbarbarian; Turkish0 Attributions
• nadVanalogyin the style of a barbarian 胡服 "dress up as a barbarian"1 Attribution
• npluralsouthern barbarians2 Attributions
• nprHu peopleDS1 Attribution

虜  lǔ OC: ɡ-raaʔ MC: luo̝ 3 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nadNbarbarian0 Attributions
• npluralthe barbarians; barbarians3 Attributions

貉  mò OC: mɢraaɡ MC: mɣɛk 3 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprnonreferentialused to refer to a Northern barbarian tribe correctly referred to as 貊, often mentioned together with the eastern Yí 夷3 Attributions

蠻夷  mán yí OC: mbroon li MC: mɣan ji 3 AttributionsWD

Mán yí 蠻夷 is another term referring generically to the peoples who were taken not to belong to the Huáxiá 華夏 community, and more specifically to the barbarians of the south and east.

Word relations
• Oppos: 華夏/CHINA

Syntactic words
• NPnonreferentialgeneral barbarians of all description (not just the Man and the Yi3 Attributions

匈奴  xiōng nú OC: qhoŋ naa MC: hi̯oŋ nuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPpluralthe Xiōngnú or Huns (Or were they the Huns? Apart from the sinological literature see Otto J. Mänchen-Helfen (ed. Max Knight): The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1973) )2 Attributions

犬戎  quǎn róng OC: khʷeenʔ njuŋ MC: khen ȵuŋ 2 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPpluralThe Quǎn barbarians2 Attributions

獦獠  gé liáo OC: ɡ-reew MC: kɑt leu 2 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPinsulting: Southerner1 Attribution
• NPadNsouthern barbarian (body etc)1 Attribution

白狄  bái dí OC: braaɡ deeɡ MC: bɣɛk dek 2 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPpluralWhite di barbarians2 Attributions

諸戎  zhū róng OC: klja njuŋ MC: tɕi̯ɤ ȵuŋ 2 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPpluralRong barbarians2 Attributions

赤狄  chì dí OC: khjaɡ deeɡ MC: tɕhiɛk dek 2 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPpluralThe Red Di barbarians2 Attributions

穢  huì OC: qʷads MC: ʔi̯ɐi 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• npluralname of tribe1 Attribution

羌  qiāng OC: khlaŋ MC: khi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD

Qiáng 羌 (or western Qiáng, Xī Qiáng 西羌) lived in the area of modern Gansu, Qinghai, western Sichuan, and northern Yunnan). They lived in a nomadic way of life. Their tribes were originally dominated by Xiōngnǔ 匈奴, but thereafter they came under the Hàn 漢 rule.

Syntactic words
• nprwestern Tibeto-Burman people1 Attribution

苗  miáo OC: mrew MC: miɛu 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• nmthe Mia2o barbarians1 Attribution

蠻  mán OC: mbroon MC: mɣan 1 AttributionWD

Mán 蠻 is a general term for southern barbarians.

Word relations
• Assoc: 夷/BARBARIAN Yí 夷 was originally a name of eastern barbarians, later it came to be used as a general term for barbarians. 1 Attribution

Syntactic words
• nprsouthern barbarian1 Attribution

山羌  shān qiāng OC: sreen khlaŋ MC: ʂɣɛn khi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• NPcQiang barbarian from the mountains1 Attribution

有戎  yǒu róng OC: ɢʷɯʔ njuŋ MC: ɦɨu ȵuŋ 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• NPcollectivethe Yǒuróng semi-sinicised state of Shandong [MOVE TO STATES]1 Attribution

有緡  yǒu mín OC: ɢʷɯʔ mrin MC: ɦɨu min 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• NPprthe Yǒu Mín barbarian tribe native to Shāndōng1 Attribution

東夷  dōng yí OC: tooŋ li MC: tuŋ ji 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• NPpluralEastern Barbarians1 Attribution

獯鬻  xūn yù OC: qhun luɡ MC: hi̯un juk 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• NPprnorthern barbarian tribe, also known as 獫狁1 Attribution

玁狁  xiǎn yǔn OC: qhramʔ k-lunʔ MC: hiɛm jʷin 1 AttributionWD

Xiǎnyǔn 玁狁 was a powerful group of barbarians located somewhere in the area to the north of a royal domain in the Western Zhōu period. In the reign of king Xuān of Zhōu 周宣王 (828-782 B.C.), they attacked the central area of the Zhōu state in Shǎnxī (in 816 B.C., according to Shaughnessy), but were eventually defeated. The event is described in inscriptions on bronze vessels, and also in several poems in SHIJING. [JM]

Syntactic words
• NPname of a northern tribe1 Attribution

茅戎  máo róng OC: mruu njuŋ MC: mɣɛu ȵuŋ 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• NPpr"Reed Barbarians"1 Attribution

薰育  xūn yù OC: qhun luɡ MC: hi̯un juk 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• NPpluralbarbarian Huns, better known as 薰粥1 Attribution

蠻貊  mán mò OC: mbroon mbraaɡ MC: mɣan mɣɛk 1 AttributionWD

Syntactic words
• NP{N1&N2}collectivebarbarians1 Attribution

侗  tóng OC: looŋ MC: duŋ 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprsouthern non-Chinese people0 Attributions

僰  bó OC: bɯɯɡ MC: bək 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprsouthwestern people in early times0 Attributions

匈  xiōng OC: qhoŋ MC: hi̯oŋ 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprdominant people in Mongolia in the Han period0 Attributions

婼  ruò OC: nja MC: ȵɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprÉr Qiāng 婼 羌 people in northern Tibet in the Han period.0 Attributions

峒  dòng OC: looŋs MC: duŋ 0 AttributionsWD

Dòng is a general term for the southwestern barbarians living in the mountain areas.

Syntactic words
• nP: southern non-Chinese people (now written 侗)0 Attributions

巴  bā OC: praa MC: pɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD

Bā 巴 is a name of an ancient ethnic group and polity in the area of modern Chongqing. According to the historical texts, the leader of Bā was enfeooffed by the king Wu of Zhōu (>Zhōu Wǔ wáng 周武王) when this had defeated the >Shāng 商. When >Qín 秦 conquered this area, it established there the commandery of Bā 巴君.

Syntactic words
• nprancient people in Sichuan Province.0 Attributions

氐  dī OC: tiil MC: tei 0 AttributionsWD

Dī 氐 originally belonged to the western Róng 戎. They were (together with Qiáng 羌) settled in the area of modern Gansu, Qinghai, western part of Sichuan, and northern part of Yunnan.

Syntactic words
• npra western people in the Han period.0 Attributions

猺  yáo OC: k-lew MC: jiɛu 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• npra southern people0 Attributions

獠  lǎo OC: ɡ-reewʔ MC: lɑu 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprsouthwestern people0 Attributions

獯  xūn OC: qhun MC: hi̯un 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• npr獯 鬻 name of a northern people in prehistoric times. Also 熏 粥, hun1yù 葷 粥, etc.0 Attributions

畬  shē OC: lʰa MC: ɕɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprnon-Chinese people0 Attributions

羯  jié OC: kad MC: ki̯ɐt 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprpeople subject to the Xiongnu.0 Attributions

蜑  dàn OC: laanʔ MC: dɑn 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprsouthern non-Chinese people0 Attributions

貊  mò OC: mbraaɡ MC: mɣɛk 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprnortheastern people in the Zhou dynasty0 Attributions

閩  mín OC: mrɯn MC: min 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprancient people of Fujian Province.0 Attributions

零  lián OC: ɡ-riiŋ MC: len 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• nprP: xiānlián 先 零 branch of the Qiang1 people in the Han dynasty0 Attributions

霫  xí OC: sɢlɯb MC: zip 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• npra northeastern people; xíxí 霫 霫 rainy0 Attributions

羌戎  qiāng róng OC: khlaŋ njuŋ MC: khi̯ɐŋ ȵuŋ 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPcollectiveWestern Barbarians (a general term referring to a group of North-Western minority peoples, and the term can only be used to refer to the group as a whole, not in this sense to an individual who belongs to that group)0 Attributions

胡兒  hú ér OC: ɡaa ŋje MC: ɦuo̝ ȵiɛ 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPpluralbarbarians0 Attributions

雜虜  zá lǔ OC: sɡuub ɡ-raaʔ MC: dzəp luo̝ 0 AttributionsWD

Syntactic words
• NPadNof various barbarian origin0 Attributions
• NPpluralvarious barbarians0 Attributions