GIFT  禮物

GOOD THING which one GIVES to someone.
PRESENTHANDOUTDONATIONOFFERINGBESTOWALBONUSAWARDENDOWMENTTIPGRATUITYLARGESSEINFORMAL FREEBIEPERKFORMAL BENEFACTION
Hypernym
Hyponym
  • BRIBE NOT LEGITIMATE GIFT so as to INFLUENCE the DECISIONS of an OFFICIAL OR POWERFUL HUMAN.
    • CHARITY PRIVATE GENEROUS GIFTS INTENDED to PROFIT the PEOPLE.
      • ALMS GENEROUS SPONTANEOUS GIFT TO THE POOR.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        NB: all the words below are derived from semantically corresponding verbs for to give and could be subsumed under these:

        1. The general current word for any generous gift is cì 賜, and the general completely neutral term for a gift is wèi 遺.

        2. Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

        3. Kuì 饋 refers to a ritual gift.

        4. Xiàn 獻 is occasionally used for a gift to superiors.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        禮品

        禮物



        厚禮

        贈品

        贈禮

        人情

        人事 (dial) gift.



        first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH

        • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 774

        • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 162

          MUNUS, DONUM

          360. Inter Munus et donum. Munus est debitum, [col. 47B] ut [ Al., in] patrono; donum, honorarium est. Item donum dantis est, munus accipientis. Dictum autem donum a dando, munus a muniendo, vel a monendo.

        • Cornu Copiae seu Linguae Latinae Commentarii ( PEROTTI 1480) p.

          DONUM and MUNUS distinction discussed in detail.

        • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.173:119

          DON.PRESENT

        • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.194

        • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

        Words

          cì OC: sleeɡs MC: siɛ 16 AttributionsWD

        The general current word for any generous gift is cì 賜, and the general completely neutral term for a gift is wèi 遺.

          Syntactic words
        • nmobjectwhat is given to inferiors, gifts; benefits accruing to inferiors < 所 Vt
          lù OC: ɡ-raaɡs MC: luo̝ 10 AttributionsWD

        Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

          Syntactic words
        • nm(sometimes compensatory, or promised) gift
          huì OC: qhʷɯɯʔ MC: huo̝i 7 AttributionsWD

        Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 賂/BRIBE Lù 賂 standardly refers to substantial active bribery of any kind, including the offer of singing girls, music masters, and quite frequently territory as well as imortant ritual objects like tripods and bells, but also in this case the word is used for presents one cannot plausibly construe as straightforward bribes. See GIFT and GIVE.
        • Assoc: 贈/GIFT

          Syntactic words
        • nmgift
          zhì OC: tjibs MC: tɕi 5 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nceremonial gift
        • npost-NN=objgift for NDS
          yí OC: lɯ MC: jɨ
          yí OC: lɯ MC: jɨ 4 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • ngift; present
          wèi OC: k-luds MC: ji 3 AttributionsWD

        The general current word for any generous gift is cì 賜, and the general completely neutral term for a gift is wèi 遺.

          Syntactic words
        • ngift
          gòng OC: kooŋs MC: kuŋ 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • npolite gift
          kuàng OC: qhʷaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nobjectgift
          fù OC: baɡs MC: bi̯o 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • ngift of money and goods to defray expenses with funeral
          hán OC: ɡlɯɯm MC: ɦəm 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • nabactfuneral presentation of cowrie shells and jade
        • vt(oN)make ritual gifts of cowrie shells and jade to a contextually determinate receiver
          fèng OC: boŋʔ MC: bi̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • nwhat is handed one politely
          zhēng OC: kjɯŋ MC: tɕɨŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vtoN(sacrifice>) general: give as a present
          xiàn OC: hŋans MC: hi̯ɐn 1 AttributionWD

        Xiàn 獻 is occasionally used for a gift to superiors.

          Syntactic words
        • ngift to superiors, offering
          lǐ OC: riiʔ MC: lei 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • npresent
          suì OC: sɢluds MC: zi 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • nfuneral gifts of clothes; give as funeral gift
          zī OC: sti MC: tsi 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • ngift, small bribe
          zèng OC: dzɯɯŋs MC: dzəŋ 1 AttributionWD

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 賄/GIFT Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

          Syntactic words
        • nobjectgift
          kuì OC: ɡruds MC: gi
          kuì OC: ɡruls MC: gi 1 AttributionWD

        Kuì 饋 refers to a ritual gift.

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 賂/GIFT Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

          Syntactic words
        • ngift
        禽犢  qín dú OC: ɡrɯm ɡ-looɡ MC: gim duk 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • NPnonreferentialvarious presents (typically of wild animals or young calves) designed to further one's career
          bì MC: -- OC: bedsCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • nm(wedding etc) giftCH
          pìn 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vt+prep+Noffer a polite/ritual present toCH
          Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • nm(wedding etc) giftCH

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