PRECEDE    前導先／初

EARLY IN-RELATION-TO something.
FIRSTGO/COME BEFORELEAD (UP) TOPAVE/PREPARE THE WAY FORHERALDINTRODUCEUSHER INANTECEDENT
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for being first or coming first in time, or for being first in the order of importance, is xiān 先 (ant. hòu 後 "later"). 2. Chū 初 (ant. zú 卒 "finally" and zhōng 終 "end") refers to the very first stage in a historical development, and the word never has any abstract reference to an order of importance. See also BEGIN 3. Shǒu 首 (ant. mò 末 "final point"(and sometimes in nominal usages wěi 尾 "tail end")) sometimes refers to the first person to do something important.
Modern Chinese Criteria
預先 is the current modern adverb for "first". 先 is equally current but perhaps a little less formal. 先行 前導 先期 事先 優先 預 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Antonym
  • LASTEND of SEQUENCE in TIME.
  • NEXTIMMEDIATELY BEHIND a SEQUENCE of THINGS.
Hypernym
  • EARLY　TIME PERIOD SOMETHING has NOT-YET HAPPENED (anc: 5/0, child: 2)
  • PERIOD　TIME CONSISTING of a LIMITED SEQUENCE of MOMENTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 20)
  • TIME　ABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN. (anc: 3/0, child: 11)
Other Hypernyms
  • EARLYnew-47b7b7da-cdc1-48ce-b7b7-dacdc188ce9b　TIME PERIOD SOMETHING has NOT-YET HAPPENED (anc: 4/0, child: 2)
  • TIME　ABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN. (anc: 3/0, child: 11)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 13.34

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 356

    • Words (7 items)

    先  xiān OC: sɯɯn MC: sen
    先  xiàn OC: sɯɯns MC: sen 92 Attributions

    The current word for being first or coming first in time, or for being first in the order of importance, is xiān 先 (ant. hòu 後 "later").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 後/LAST
    • Object: 循/FOLLOW Xún 循 is to follow certain guidelines or a certain prescribed path, as a matter of prudential strategy, and typically in a rather mechanical or habitual manner.
    • Epithet: 王/KING The general term for a king of any kind is wáng 王, and in Warring States times this term can refer to all sovereign rulers, even the Son of Heaven.
    • Epithet: 王/RULER Wáng 王(contrast bà 霸 "hegemon basing his role on power rather than moral authority") refers specifically to someone who is enfeoffed as a formal ruler of what counts as a state in ancient China.
    • Oppos: 勞/LABOUR The standard current word for hard work, often commendable assiduous effort, is láo 勞.

      Syntactic words
    • nsubjectwhat has priority, who comes first, what is first
    • v[adN]plural; N=humanpredecessorsCH
    • vad.VtoNscope: objectas the first, first
    • vadNpreceding> former, late 先君 "the ruler preceding the present one" 先帝 "the late Emperor"
    • vadVas the subject's first stepas the first thing, to start with, before anything else, before something else
    • vadVscope: subjectSUBJECT (including patient subject) V's as the firstLZ
    • vadVscope:actionverb firstCH
    • vt(oN)precede the contextually determinate N; have priority over
    • vt+prep+Nread xiàn?: to make one's first move towards (somebody) (before he has done anything); take the initiative to make contact with
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativetake precedence over
    • vt+V[0]causativegive precedence to V-ing (i.e. cause the V-ing to precede)
    • vt0oN.adSread xiàn: preceding N, S happened
    • vt[oN]precede all others, go first; come first, be first; take precedence over all others
    • vtoNread xiàn: precede, anticipate, German: zuvorkommen, Danish: komme i forkøbet
    • vtoN.adVread xiàn: before 先天地生
    • vtoN1.-v{NUM}adN2:adSbefore N
    • vtoNattitudinalread xiàn: give precedence to, give priority to; also in contexts which do not connote a positive attitude: take (and therefore:remove) first
    • vtoNcausativecause to precede; let go first; make come first; give ritual precedence to
    • vtoNfigurativetake precedence over
    初  chū OC: tshra MC: ʈʂhi̯ɤ 13 Attributions

    Chū 初 (ant. zú 卒 "finally" and zhōng 終 "end") refers to the very first stage in a historical development, and the word never has any abstract reference to an order of importance. See also BEGIN

      Syntactic words
    • nabprocessthe earliest stage; beginning
    • nadNformer
    • nadSat the start, at an earlier stage, before; originally, from the beginning
    • nadSSat an earlier time; in the beginning
    • nadV1. for the first time, initiating a tradition; 2. for a start, in the first place, initiating an ongoing process
    首  shǒu OC: qhljuʔ MC: ɕɨu 7 Attributions

    Shǒu 首 (ant. mò 末 "final point"(and sometimes in nominal usages wěi 尾 "tail end")) sometimes refers to the first person to do something important.

      Syntactic words
    • nthe first person (to do something) 其首
    • nabstativebeginning
    一  yī OC: qliɡ MC: ʔit 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]ordinalthe first point
    • viactdo something for the first time 一再 "if one does something for the first time or for the second time..."
    方  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padVfirst, just
    已前  yǐ qián OC: k-lɯʔ dzeen MC: jɨ dzen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostS1.adS2timebefore S1, S2
    啟  qǐ OC: kheeʔ MC: khei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vicome first