PRECEDE  前導先／初

EARLY IN-RELATION-TO something.
FIRSTGO/COME BEFORELEAD (UP) TOPAVE/PREPARE THE WAY FORHERALDINTRODUCEUSHER INANTECEDENT
Antonym
  • LASTEND of SEQUENCE in TIME.
    • NEXTIMMEDIATELY BEHIND a SEQUENCE of THINGS.
      Hypernym
      • EARLYTIME PERIOD SOMETHING has NOT-YET HAPPENED
        • TIMEABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN.
          • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current word for being first or coming first in time, or for being first in the order of importance, is xiān 先 (ant. hòu 後 "later").

      2. Chū 初 (ant. zú 卒 "finally" and zhōng 終 "end") refers to the very first stage in a historical development, and the word never has any abstract reference to an order of importance. See also BEGIN

      3. Shǒu 首 (ant. mò 末 "final point"(and sometimes in nominal usages wěi 尾 "tail end")) sometimes refers to the first person to do something important.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      預先 is the current modern adverb for "first".

      先 is equally current but perhaps a little less formal.

      先行

      前導

      先期

      事先

      優先

      預

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 13.34

      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 356

      Words

      先  xiān OC: sɯɯn MC: sen
      先  xiàn OC: sɯɯns MC: sen 90 AttributionsWD

      The current word for being first or coming first in time, or for being first in the order of importance, is xiān 先 (ant. hòu 後 "later").

        Word relations
      • Ant: 後/LAST
      • Object: 循/FOLLOW Xún 循 is to follow certain guidelines or a certain prescribed path, as a matter of prudential strategy, and typically in a rather mechanical or habitual manner.
      • Epithet: 王/KING The general term for a king of any kind is wáng 王, and in Warring States times this term can refer to all sovereign rulers, even the Son of Heaven.
      • Epithet: 王/RULER Wáng 王(contrast bà 霸 "hegemon basing his role on power rather than moral authority") refers specifically to someone who is enfeoffed as a formal ruler of what counts as a state in ancient China.
      • Oppos: 勞/LABOUR The standard current word for hard work, often commendable assiduous effort, is láo 勞.

        Syntactic words
      • nsubjectwhat has priority, who comes first, what is first
      • v[adN]plural; N=humanpredecessorsCH
      • vad.VtoNscope: objectas the first, first
      • vadNpreceding> former, late 先君 "the ruler preceding the present one" 先帝 "the late Emperor"
      • vadVas the subject's first stepas the first thing, to start with, before anything else, before something else
      • vadVscope: subjectSUBJECT (including patient subject) V's as the firstLZ
      • vadVscope:actionverb firstCH
      • vt(oN)precede the contextually determinate N; have priority over
      • vt+prep+Nread xiàn?: to make one's first move towards (somebody) (before he has done anything); take the initiative to make contact with
      • vt+prep+Nfigurativetake precedence over
      • vt+V[0]causativegive precedence to V-ing (i.e. cause the V-ing to precede)
      • vt0oN.adSread xiàn: preceding N, S happened
      • vt[oN]precede all others, go first; come first, be first; take precedence over all others
      • vtoNread xiàn: precede, anticipate, German: zuvorkommen, Danish: komme i forkøbet
      • vtoN.adVread xiàn: before 先天地生
      • vtoN1.-v{NUM}adN2:adSbefore N
      • vtoNattitudinalread xiàn: give precedence to, give priority to; also in contexts which do not connote a positive attitude: take (and therefore:remove) first
      • vtoNcausativecause to precede; let go first; make come first; give ritual precedence to
      • vtoNfigurativetake precedence over
      初  chū OC: tshra MC: ʈʂhi̯ɤ 13 AttributionsWD

      Chū 初 (ant. zú 卒 "finally" and zhōng 終 "end") refers to the very first stage in a historical development, and the word never has any abstract reference to an order of importance. See also BEGIN

        Syntactic words
      • nabprocessthe earliest stage; beginning
      • nadNformer
      • nadSat the start, at an earlier stage, before; originally, from the beginning
      • nadSSat an earlier time; in the beginning
      • nadV1. for the first time, initiating a tradition; 2. for a start, in the first place, initiating an ongoing process
      首  shǒu OC: qhljuʔ MC: ɕɨu 7 AttributionsWD

      Shǒu 首 (ant. mò 末 "final point"(and sometimes in nominal usages wěi 尾 "tail end")) sometimes refers to the first person to do something important.

        Syntactic words
      • nthe first person (to do something) 其首
      • nabstativebeginning
      一  yī OC: qliɡ MC: ʔit 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • v[adN]ordinalthe first point
      • viactdo something for the first time 一再 "if one does something for the first time or for the second time..."
      方  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • padVfirst, just
      已前  yǐ qián OC: k-lɯʔ dzeen MC: jɨ dzen 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPpostS1.adS2timebefore S1, S2
      啟  qǐ OC: kheeʔ MC: khei 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vicome first

      Existing SW for

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