BRIBE 賄賂
NOT LEGITIMATE GIFT so as to INFLUENCE the DECISIONS of an OFFICIAL OR POWERFUL HUMAN.
Old Chinese Criteria
2. Huì 賄 refers to customary gifts on formal occasions which are often hard to distinguish from bribes, and characteristically the word regularly refers to passive bribery. See also PROPERTY and GIFT. Commentators wish us to believe that the word refers specifically to "bribe with gifts of silk", but there is no clear early evidence of this.
3. Huò 貨 refers to any illegal act of making gifts to encourage unlawful actions, and also to the bribes themselves.
4. Nà 納／內 is the technical term for the receiving of bribes, i.e. passive corruption.
5. The word qiú 賕, which became current in Han times, refers to active as well as passive corruption.
6. Zāng 藏 / 臧 and huò lù 貨賂 occasionally refer to bribes received.
Modern Chinese Criteria
行賄
賄買
打點
收買
買通
買關節
通關節
受賄 refers to being prepared to receive bribes.
納賄
貪賄
貪贓
貪贓枉法
招權納賄
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Old Chinese Contrasts
- Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
USURA
- 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
1329 賄，賂
1. WL maintains that hui3 賄 tends to consist of cloth whereas lu4 賂 tends to consist of other goods. This traditional view is not borne out by the primary source evidence. It sounds like a late rationalisation. Bribes lu4 賂 are frequently specified to consist of specialists like singing girls and music masters and lands, also by offers to senior positions.
2. WL claims that lu4 賂 can refer to property as such. I have not found such examples in pre-Buddhist literature, and indeed WL provide no example at all.. But I have not checked the examples in HYDCD.
3. WL maintains that the meaning "bribe" for lu4 賂 is a 後起義. This meaning is, of course, exceedingly common in early literature from ZUO onwards. Quoting a JINSHU example for this is most misleading.
Words
賂 lù OC: ɡ-raaɡs MC: luo̝ 87 AttributionsWD
Lù 賂 standardly refers to substantial active bribery of any kind, including the offer of singing girls, music masters, and quite frequently territory as well as imortant ritual objects like tripods and bells, but also in this case the word is used for presents one cannot plausibly construe as straightforward bribes. See GIFT and GIVE.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 貨/BRIBE
Huò 貨 refers to any illegal act of making gifts to encourage unlawful actions, and also to the bribes themselves. - Assoc: 賄/GIFT
Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".
- Syntactic words
- nabactbribery 行賂
- nmbribe 受賂
- vadNserving as a bribe 賂器
- viactuse bribes, engage in active bribery;
- vt(oN)bribe contextually determinate recipients (以 "with" something)
- vt+prep+Nbribe
- vtoNbribe; bribe (e.g. yǐ 以 "with" precious objects, workers, or fine horses); give bribes to
- vtoNpassivebribe
- vtt(oN1.)+vt+N2bribe the contextually determinate N1 using N2
- vttoN1.+N2bribe N1 with gift of N2
貨 huò OC: hŋʷaals MC: hʷɑ 17 AttributionsWD
Huò 貨 refers to any illegal act of making gifts to encourage unlawful actions, and also to the bribes themselves.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 賂/BRIBE
Lù 賂 standardly refers to substantial active bribery of any kind, including the offer of singing girls, music masters, and quite frequently territory as well as imortant ritual objects like tripods and bells, but also in this case the word is used for presents one cannot plausibly construe as straightforward bribes. See GIFT and GIVE. - Assoc: 賄/BRIBE
Huì 賄 refers to customary gifts on formal occasions which are often hard to distinguish from bribes, and characteristically the word regularly refers to passive bribery. See also PROPERTY and GIFT. Commentators wish us to believe that the word refers specifically to "bribe with gifts of silk", but there is no clear early evidence of this.
- Syntactic words
- nabactbribery
- nmbribe
- vtoNbribe a person with gifts
賄 huì OC: qhʷɯɯʔ MC: huo̝i 11 AttributionsWD
Huì 賄 refers to customary gifts on formal occasions which are often hard to distinguish from bribes, and characteristically the word regularly refers to passive bribery. See also PROPERTY and GIFT. Commentators wish us to believe that the word refers specifically to "bribe with gifts of silk", but there is no clear early evidence of this.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 貨/BRIBE
Huò 貨 refers to any illegal act of making gifts to encourage unlawful actions, and also to the bribes themselves.
- Syntactic words
- nmbribe; gifts ZUO Xiang 10.12 政以賄成 "the government has been carried on by means of bribes"
- vipsychengage in (passive) bribery; be keen on bribes and gifts;
- vtoNbribe (perhaps primarily with silk or rolls of cloth, according to commentators); bribe
貨賂 huò lù OC: hŋʷaals ɡ-raaɡs MC: hʷɑ luo̝ 9 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactbribery
- NPmbribes
- VPiactengage in active bribery
幣 bì OC: beds MC: biɛi 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nmbribes, required gifts
- viactoffer bribes
- vtoNbribe with silk/money
貨賄 huò huì OC: hŋʷaals qhʷɯɯʔ MC: hʷɑ huo̝i 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPbribes
賕 qiú OC: ɡu MC: gɨu 2 AttributionsWD
The word qiú 賕, which became current in Han times, refers to active as well as passive corruption.
- Syntactic words
- nabactbribery
- nmbribes
- vadNcorrupt
- viactSHIJI: be corrupt, both give and take bribes
納 nà OC: nuub MC: nəp
內 nèi OC: nuubs MC: nuo̝i 1 AttributionWD
Nà 納／內is the technical term for the receiving of bribes, i.e. passive corruption.
- Syntactic words
- nabactbribery, the receiving of bribes
賕納 qiú nà OC: ɡu nuub MC: gɨu nəp 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab{N1&N2}actthe taking or asking for bribes
苞苴 bāo jū MC: paew tsjo OC: pruu skaCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nabactbribery of all kindsCH
臧 zāng OC: skaaŋ MC: tsɑŋ
臧藏 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 AttributionsWD
Zāng 藏/臧 and huò lù 貨賂 occasionally refer to bribes received.
- Syntactic words
- nmHANSHU: bribes taken
納賂 nà lù OC: nuub ɡ-raaɡs MC: nəp luo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+prep+Ngive bribes to N
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabactbribery of all kindsCH
Existing SW for
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