BOW    弓弓

WEAPON one USES to SHOOT ARROWS with.
LONGBOWCROSSBOW
Old Chinese Criteria
[CONGERIES] 1. The current general word for the bow is gōng 弓, and it must be remembered that in early times the bow was used not only to shoot arrows but also mud pellets and the like. 2. Nǔ 弩 refers specifically to the crossbow which became current in Warring States times. 3. Hú 弧 refers specifically to an ancient "primitive" bow. 4. Dǐ 弤 refers to a beautifully crafted lacquered bow, and it is the rare name of the legendary emperor Shùn's 舜 mythical bow. NB: The following are late words relevant to this group: 5. Chāo 弨 refers to an unstrung bow. 6.Shāo 弰 refers to the end of a bow.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 WARFARE 12. 彈射兵器。 弓，射箭或打彈的器具。 弩，用機栝發箭的弓。 弧，弓的方言別稱。 弤，雕弓，經過髹漆的弓。
Modern Chinese Criteria
弓 弓形物 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
See also
  • QUIVERA BOX USED FOR PUTTING ARROW in it, AND FOR CARRYING ARROWS.
Hypernym
  • WEAPON　TOOL USED FOR ATTACK OR DEFENSE IN WARFARE. (anc: 6/0, child: 9)
  • TOOL　ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR USE USING a DEFINED METHOD. (anc: 5/0, child: 53)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 20.24

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 200

    Armbrust; Armbrustschuetze

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 719

    Armbrust and Armbrustschuetze:

    There are plenty of Han relief representations of the crossbow.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 727

    Bogen:

    Common in Han reliefs.

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 162

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 242

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 271

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    arcus, -us 'bow; arch' [m. (f. Ix in Enn.) u] (P1.+; gen.sg. arqui Cic., Lucr., nom.pl.

    arquT Varro)

    Derivatives: arquites 'archers' (Paul, ex F.), arcitenens/arquitenens 'that carries a

    bow' (Naev.+), arcuatus, arquatus 'bow-shaped' (Var.+).

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 578

    • Words (15 items)

    弓  gōng OC: kʷɯŋ MC: kuŋ 24 Attributions

    The current general word for the bow is gōng 弓, and it must be remembered that in early times the bow was used not only to shoot arrows but also mud pellets and the like.

      Word relations
    • Conv: 矢/ARROW The current ancient general word for any kind of arrow is shǐ 矢, and specifically the word refers in from Han times onwards to wooden-shaft rather than bamboo shaft arrows. [GENERAL]; [[CURRENT]]
    • Object: 操/WIELD
    • Assoc: 弩/BOW Nǔ 弩 refers specifically to the crossbow which became current in Warring States times.
    • Assoc: 劍/SWORD Jiàn 劍refers to the weapon with two edges which can be worn on a belt. Sword became common in China relatively late; although short bronze swords were widely used in northeastern China from Shang till early Chunqiu period, there are only few pieces known from the graves of the Western Zhou and Chunqiu aristocracy. In the middle and late Chunqiu period bronze swords came to be wider used particularly in the southern states of Wu, Yue, and Chu; the earliest textual evidence I have found for the word also dates from this period (MOZI and inscriptions on the swords of Wu and Yue). In Warring States times sword became usual weapon. Iron swords for the first time appeared in the late Chunqiu period and by the early Han completely replaced bronze pieces. Note that in Han times both aristocrats and officials worn swords like symbols of their status.

    • 漢代の文物 Kandai no bunbutsu ( HAYASHI 1976) p. {pp. 204, tab.10-52}

      Syntactic words
    • nbow
    • n[post-N]one's/his bowCH
    • n{PRED}be the bowCH
    弧  hú OC: ɡʷaa MC: ɦuo̝ 6 Attributions

    Hú 弧 refers specifically to an ancient "primitive" bow.

      Syntactic words
    • nwooden bow; general name for a bow
    • nprthe star constellations Bow
    弩  nǔ OC: naaʔ MC: nuo̝ 6 Attributions

    Nǔ 弩 refers specifically to the crossbow which became current in Warring States times.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 弓/BOW The current general word for the bow is gōng 弓, and it must be remembered that in early times the bow was used not only to shoot arrows but also mud pellets and the like.

    • 漢代の文物 Kandai no bunbutsu ( HAYASHI 1976) p. {pp. 204 - 206, tab. 10-55 - 10-64}

      Syntactic words
    • ncross-bow with release mechanism
    鞠躬  jū gōng OC: kuɡ kʷɯŋ MC: kuk kuŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintensitivebow politely, be all bows
    連弩  lián nǔ MC: ljen nuX OC: b-ren naaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmultiple arrow crossbow (often mounted on a chariot)CH
    拱手  gǒng shǒu MC: kjowngX syuwX OC: koŋʔ hmljuʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibow slightly with arms straight downCH
    弤  dǐ OC: tiilʔ MC: tei 1 Attribution

    Dǐ 弤 is the exceedingly rare name of emperor Shùn's 舜 mythical bow.

      Syntactic words
    • nproper namebow of the emperor Shùn
    弭  mǐ OC: meʔ MC: miɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • na kind of bow (SHI)
    折  zhé MC: tsyet OC: kljed 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibowCH
    翔  xiáng MC: zjang  OC: sɢlaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viflap one's arms like bird's wings when bowingCH
    錡  yǐ OC: ŋɡralʔ MC: ŋiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nframe for hanging crossbows
    顉  ǎn OC: ŋɡɯɯmʔ MC: ŋəm 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactnod the head (SHUOWEN)
    弨  chāo OC: khljew MC: tɕhiɛu 0 Attributions

    Chāo 弨 refers to an unstrung bow.

      Syntactic words
    • nrelaxed bow, unstrung bow
    弰  shāo OC: smreew MC: ʂɣɛu 0 Attributions

    Shāo 弰 refers to the end of a bow.

      Syntactic words
    • nend of a bow
    矢  shǐ OC: lʰiʔ MC: ɕi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nbolt of the crossbow