DOUBT    懷疑疑

AWARE that one does NOT KNOW OR UNDERSTAND something.
UNCERTAINTYUNSURENESSINDECISIONHESITATIONDUBIOUSNESSSUSPICIONCONFUSIONQUERIESQUESTIONSFORMAL DUBIETYINDECISIONHESITATIONUNCERTAINTYINSECURITYUNEASEUNEASINESSAPPREHENSIONHESITANCYVACILLATIONIRRESOLUTION
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for doubting or suspecting is yí 疑 (ant. xìn 信 "have faith in"), and the connotation is always negative. Contrast Latin dubito which is often used in positive senses. 2. Xián 嫌 refers to the suspicion that something negative may be true. 3. Cāi 猜 can also refer to a suspicion that something is the case, and typically it refers to an attitude of suspicion which is unjustified. 4. Yì 意 (ant. bì 必 "be certain about a matter") is to surmise as a matter of subjective and therefore doubtful judgment.
Modern Chinese Criteria
懷疑 置疑 狐疑 嫌疑 生疑 起疑 猜疑 疑猜 疑心 疑團 疑忌 疑慮 猜忌 多心 多疑 吃心 嘀咕 過心 打結 疑 疑神疑鬼 疑心生暗鬼 將信將疑 半信半疑 疑信參半 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • HESITATE　DOUBT HOW one SHOULD ACT AND THEREFORE NOT ACT OR MOVE. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • SKEPTICISM　DOCTRINE that one SHOULD DOUBT AND CONTINUE TO INVESTIGATE EVERYTHING. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • CERTAINTRUE AND NOT being DOUBTED.
  • BELIEVEATTITUDE IN-RELATION-TO a THINK:thought to the effect that this THOUGHT is TRUE.
Hypernym
  • AWARE　ABLE to VOLUNTARILY:deliberately REACT to.  (anc: 7/0, child: 3)
  • ABLE　HAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something. (anc: 6/0, child: 16)
  • HAVE　RELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one. (anc: 5/0, child: 5)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 17.43

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 367

    EPOKHE

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 515©

    DUBITARE est qvid sentiendum aut eligendum sit, deliberando haesitare. Concurrunt 1. Res plures. 2. Nebulae illas involventes. 3. Lumen obscurum, non satis nebulas discutiens.

    Ax. Dubitatio es lucis mentalis effectus primus, tenebrarum discussion initialis.

    ...

    Error opinando non dubitando venit!

    ...

    Ax. Dubitatio est principium scientiae. Dubitare licet, ut scire liceat.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    DOUBT

    dubius, and the rarer ambiguus, refers to uncertainty with regard to the success or failure of something, or of good versus bad fortune.

    anceps refers to doubt with reference to whether something does or does not exist.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    INCREDULITAS

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 25

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 765

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 316

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.173

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 12.1520

    ZWEIFEL

  • Enzyklopaedie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie ( MITTELSTRASS 1996) p. 4.868

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 195

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    DOUBT AND BELIEF

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.277:185

    IRRESOLUTION.INCERTITUDE.PERPLEXITE

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.272.229

    INCERTITUDE.DOUTE.IRRESOLUTION

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 243

    • Words (20 items)

    疑  yí OC: ŋɡɯ MC: ŋɨ 50 Attributions

    The current general word for doubting or suspecting is yí 疑 (ant. xìn 信 "have faith in"), and the connotation is always negative. Contrast Latin dubito which is often used in positive senses.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 信/CERTAIN
    • Ant: 定/DECIDE Dìng 定 refers to the fixing something not only for oneself but primarily for others. See FIX

      Syntactic words
    • nabfactualpassive: what is doubted; doubtful point; doubtful situation;
    • nabpsychdoubt
    • nsubject=nonrefdoubtful matters
    • vadNdubious; doubtful
    • vadNabdoubtful pointCH
    • vi0there is doubt or uncertainty ???
    • vt(oN)putativehave one's doubts about the contextually determinate object
    • vt[oN]be doubtful (of situations), be left in doubt (of people)
    • vtoNobject=humanhave one's doubts about somebody, regard somebody as dubious
    • vtoNputativeconsider something doubtful, be in doubt about 
    • vtoSbe in doubt about whether (S often contains spurious negation)
    未審  wèi shěn OC: mɯds qhjɯmʔ MC: mɨi ɕim 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSmodalnot yet investigated > I wonder (whether)... (this is a frequently used phrase in ZTJ (94 times), marking the speaker's incertainty concerning the truth-value of a proposition)
    嫌疑  xián yí OC: ɡleem ŋɡɯ MC: ɦem ŋɨ 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdoubt of any kind; doubtful cases of any kind MO, Xiaoqu: 決嫌疑
    • VPtoNbe in deep doubt (sometimes with preceding topicalised object)CH
    嫌  xián OC: ɡleem MC: ɦem 7 Attributions

    Xián 嫌 refers to the suspicion that something negative may be true.

      Syntactic words
    • nabsubjectwhat is doubtful; doubt; uncertainty
    • vibe suspicious
    • vtoSbe in doubt whether S (SUSPICION???)
    闕  què, quē OC: khod MC: khi̯ɐt 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabbeing in doubt; admitting that there is an empty spot in one's knowledgeDS
    • vi-Pactsuspend one's judgment, show doubt
    • vt[oN]suspend one's judgment on things
    • vtoNsuspend judgment on, refuse to pronounce judgment on
    不審  bù shěn OC: pɯʔ qhjɯmʔ MC: pi̯ut ɕim 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSmodalnot carefully examine > I wonder... (adding a notion of doubt to interrogative sentence)
    狐疑  hú yí OC: ɡʷaa ŋɡɯ MC: ɦuo̝ ŋɨ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNdoubtful, difficult to decide
    • VPiintensitivebe full of doubts
    殆  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVpossibly, I suspect
    • vtoNdoubt; be suspicious of (GONG)
    猜  cāi OC: tshɯɯ MC: tshəi 4 Attributions

    Cāi 猜 can also refer to a suspicion that something is the case, and typically it refers to an attitude of suspicion which is unjustified.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychsuspicion (ZUO)
    • vtoNdoubt (ZUO)
    疑網  yí wǎng OC: ŋɡɯ maŋʔ MC: ŋɨ mi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychweb of doubts
    未知  wèi zhī OC: mɯds te MC: mɨi ʈiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oS)be not quite sure, suspect that not
    • VPtoNbe not quite sure that Snom
    謟  tāo OC: kh-luu MC: thɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe doubtful, be in doubtCH
    • vtoNdoubt (ZUO)
    疑惑  yí huò OC: ŋɡɯ ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: ŋɨ ɦək 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychdoubts, suspicions
    疑慮  yí lǜ OC: ŋɡɯ b-ras MC: ŋɨ li̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychdoubtful thoughts> doubts
    驚疑  jīng yí OC: kreŋ ŋɡɯ MC: kɣaŋ ŋɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe full of amazed doubt
    二  èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychbeing in two minds> doubt
    儗  nǐ MC: ngiX OC: ŋɡɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN= yí 疑: to doubtLZ
    狐  hú OC: ɡʷaa MC: ɦuo̝ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 疑/SUSPECT The standard current word for suspicion of any kind is yí 疑.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]be suspicious; be doubtful
    不識  bù shí OC: pɯʔ qhljɯɡ MC: pi̯ut ɕɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[0]oSmodalgrammaticalised idiom: I wonder whether; one wonders whether
    慆  tāo OC: kh-luu MC: thɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • virare: be in doubt, be of doubtful content