FUTURE    未來來

TIME PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO NOW.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for the immediate future is jiāng 將 (ant. yǐ 已 "already") which refers freely to any part of the future, distant or imminent. 2. Qiě 且 (ant. jì 既 "already") refers to immiment and immediate future. See SOON. 3. Yù 欲 comes to be used as a neutral indicator of the likely future so that we are not likely to find bì yù 必欲 ever coming to mean "will surely, will necessarily". 4. Yǐ 以 "in order to" is restricted to subordinate clauses and refers specifically to the intended future. 5. The most current and general word for the nominalised notion of the future is probably lái 來 (ant. wǎng 往 "the past"). 6. Hòu 後 (ant. qíán 前 "earlier times") often refers to what comes afterwards, the future. 7. Wèi 未 "not yet" is sometimes -very rarely- used as a noun to refer to the future. NB: yǐ 已 is never used as an antonym.
Modern Chinese Criteria
即將 行將 快要 就要 將次 將 且 將來 未來 前途 前程 前景 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING
Hyponym
  • IMMEDIATELY　AFTER an INTENSELY SHORT PERIOD, LACKING DELAY. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • SOON　FUTURE that is COMPARATIVELY NEAR. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • PASTPERIOD BEFORE NOW.
See also
  • INTENDDESIRE for what one BELIEVES to be a POSSIBLE:FEASIBLE FUTURE ACT by ONESELF.
  • INTENDDESIRE for what one BELIEVES to be a POSSIBLE:FEASIBLE FUTURE ACT by ONESELF.
Hypernym
  • PERIOD　TIME CONSISTING of a LIMITED SEQUENCE of MOMENTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 20)
  • TIME　ABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN. (anc: 3/0, child: 11)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
Other Hypernyms
  • TIME　ABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN. (anc: 3/0, child: 11)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.61

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 1017

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    FUTURUM

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 16

  • Histoire de l'avenir ( MINOIS 1996) p.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 12.1426

    ZUKUNFT/VERGANGENHEIT

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 307

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 359

  • Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.

  • Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary ( QUINE 1987) p. 73

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.338.302

    FUTUR.AVENIR

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 544

    • Words (38 items)

    將  jiāng OC: skaŋ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ 106 AttributionsWD

    The current general word for the immediate future is jiāng 將 (ant. yǐ 已 "already") which refers freely to any part of the future, distant or imminent.

      Syntactic words
    • (ID MISSING)will in the future (in construction with another vt+V)
    • vt+V1.postV2in order to
    • vt+V[0]be about to; will in the future; be going to
    • vt+V[0]irrealiswould (in the future or in a purely hypothetical case)
    • vt+V[0]non-immediatewill, be about to (often not immediate future)
    • vt+V[0]pastindicates future in the past: was about to; were about to
    • vt+V[0]{PASS}will be Ved
    當  dāng OC: taaŋ MC: tɑŋ 52 AttributionsWD

      Word relations
    • Synon: 欲/FUTURE Yù 欲 comes to be used as a neutral indicator of the likely future so that we are not likely to find bì yù 必欲 ever coming to mean "will surely, will necessarily".

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]be about to, be going to (sometimes close to DESIRE)
    • vt+V[0]irrealiswould
    • vt+V[0]pastwas about to (indicating near future in the past)
    後世  hòu shì OC: ɡooʔ lʰebs MC: ɦu ɕiɛi 25 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNfuture; of next generations
    • NPadVin the future; BUDDH: in future worlds;
    • NPpluralfuture generations, posterity
    且  qiě OC:  MC: tshɣɛ 18 AttributionsWD

    Qiě 且 (ant. jì 既 "already") refers to immiment and immediate future. See SOON.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVbe about to; shall
    欲  yù OC: k-loɡ MC: ji̯ok 17 AttributionsWD

    Yù 欲 comes to be used as a neutral indicator of the likely future so that we are not likely to find bì yù 必欲 ever coming to mean "will surely, will necessarily".

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]subject=humanmarker of the future: be about to, will; tend to
    • vt+V[0]subject=inanimatemarker of the future: be about to, will; tend to
    後  hòu OC: ɡooʔ MC: ɦu 17 AttributionsWD

    Hòu 後 (ant. qíán 前 "earlier times") often refers to what comes afterwards, the future.

      Syntactic words
    • nthe future
    • nadNdistant future (people, times, generations etc.); regarding the more distant future
    • nadVtimein the future, afterwards
    來  lái OC: m-rɯɯ MC: ləi 15 AttributionsWD

    The most current and general word for the nominalised notion of the future is probably lái 來 (ant. wǎng 往 "the past").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 往/PAST Wǎng 往 (ant. lái 來 "future") is a general technical term for the past.
    • Oppos: 此/NOW

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]what is to come, the future; the next thing
    • vadNOBI: coming, forthcoming; future
    • viprocessoccur in the future; come in the future
    擬  nǐ OC: ŋɡɯʔ MC: ŋɨ 13 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]be about to (marking immanent action/near future) (compare German: "sich anschicken zu V")
    未來  wèi lái OC: mɯds m-rɯɯ MC: mɨi ləi 8 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVin the future
    • VP[adN]what has not yet come > the future
    • VPadNnot yet come > future
    將以  jiāng yǐ OC: skaŋ k-lɯʔ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ jɨ 8 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt V[0].postadVin order to
    • VPt+V[0]be about to, have an intention to (in that way)
    更  gèng OC: kraaŋs MC: kɣaŋ 5 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vadVhenceforth
    將來  jiāng lái OC: skaŋ m-rɯɯ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ ləi 4 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adSfuture
    • NPadNfutureN
    他日  tā rì OC: lʰaal mljiɡ MC: thɑ ȵit 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSin the near future; soon afterwards; another time in the future
    • NPadSindefinitegeneralised: any other day; another dayCH
    代  dài OC: lɯɯɡs MC: dəi 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNof future generations
    復  fù OC: buɡ MC: buk 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vadVhenceforth, henceforth in the future　不復 "henceforth not"　莫復 "don't in the future"
    擬欲  nǐ yù OC: ŋɡɯʔ k-loɡ MC: ŋɨ ji̯ok 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]be about to (as most of the modal verbs of volition, the dissylabic vernacular 擬欲 has the extended meaning of expressing an immanent action/near future)
    當來  dāng lái OC: taaŋ m-rɯɯ MC: tɑŋ ləi 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNfuture
    • VPadVin the future
    來世  lái shì OC: m-rɯɯ lʰebs MC: ləi ɕiɛi 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtimefuture worlds
    • NPadVin worlds to come
    來者  lái zhě OC: m-rɯɯ kljaʔ MC: ləi tɕɣɛ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPsubjectthe future
    其後  jī hòu MC: ki huwX OC: kɯ ɡooʔ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPfuture, what happens thereafterLZ
    為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vadVwas about to, was going to
    末  mò OC: maad MC: mʷɑt 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • nfuture generations
    從是已後  cóng shì yǐ hòu OC: dzoŋ ɡljeʔ k-lɯʔ ɡooʔ MC: dzi̯oŋ dʑiɛ jɨ ɦu 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadShenceforth
    於未來世  yú wèi lái shì OC: qa mɯds m-rɯɯ lʰebs MC: ʔi̯ɤ mɨi ləi ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtimefuture lives
    後圖  hòu tú MC: huwX du OC: ɡooʔ daa 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPablong future perspectiveCH
    於來世  yú lái shì OC: qa m-rɯɯ lʰebs MC: ʔi̯ɤ ləi ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVin a coming world
    臨當  lín dāng OC: b-rɯm taaŋ MC: lim tɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]be just about to
    從是已來  cóng shì yǐ lái OC: dzoŋ ɡljeʔ k-lɯʔ m-rɯɯ MC: dzi̯oŋ dʑiɛ jɨ ləi 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadShenceforth
    正欲  zhèng yù OC: tjeŋs k-loɡ MC: tɕiɛŋ ji̯ok 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]be just about to V
    正當  zhèng dāng OC: tjeŋs taaŋ MC: tɕiɛŋ tɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]be just about to
    未萌  wèi méng OC: mɯds mreeŋ MC: mɨi mɣɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabeventfuture events; things about to happen
    下  xià OC: ɢraaʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nadNfuture
    • VPt+V[0]one should not go about V-ing NB: It is quite possible that the syntactic category here should be VPt[0]+V[0].
    其往  qí wǎng OC: ɡɯ ɢʷaŋʔ MC: gɨ ɦi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVFrom then on
    自今以往  zì jīn yǐ wǎng OC: sblids krɯm k-lɯʔ ɢʷaŋʔ MC: dzi kim jɨ ɦi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVhenceforth
    方當  fāng dāng OC: paŋ taaŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ tɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]will, going to V (Buddhist sūtras) LOTUS(B): 86b21 方當供養如此前數
    讖  chèn OC: tshrims MC: ʈʂhim 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]hope to in the not too distant future; hope that prerson of superior status will do something; wish that
    下世  xià shì OC: ɢraas lʰebs MC: ɦɣɛ ɕiɛi 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtimefuture time
    未  wèi OC: mɯds MC: mɨi 0 AttributionsWD

    Wèi 未 "not yet" is sometimes -very rarely- used as a noun to refer to the future. NB: yǐ 已 is never used as an antonym.

      Syntactic words
    • nXUN, HF 2.2. the future