EFFORT 努力勉
DELIBERATE DILIGENT TRY:attempt to SUCCEED in an ACTION.
EXERTIONENERGYWORKENDEAVORAPPLICATIONLABORPOWERMUSCLETOILSTRAININFORMAL SWEATELBOW GREASE
Hypernym
- TRYACT, BUT DOUBT WHETHER one WILL be SUCCESSFUL ACTING.
See also
- TIRELESSENDURINGLY DILIGENT.
Hyponym
- ASPIRATION MAIN EFFORT AND AIM in one's LIFE.
- ENTHUSIASM ASPIRATION WITH DELIGHT
- WORK Make an EFFORT ENDURINGLY CONFORMING to a PLAN, IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE an AIM, and OFTEN IN ORDER TO be PAID a SALARY.
- AGRICULTURE WORK IN FIELDS TO REAR USEFUL PLANTS. ...
- REPAIR WORK so as to CAUSE TO BECOME EXCELLENT RESEMBLE:as in the PAST AGAIN.
- LABOUR FORCED WORK that CAUSES one to BECOME TIRED.[[ARBEIT]]
- THRESH WORK to SEPARATE GRAIN FROM HUSK.
- PROFESSION ENDURING PAID WORK that NEEDS BIG SKILL AND INTELLIGENCE.
- PROGRESSIVE WORKING POLITICALLY to CAUSE PROGRESS in SOCIETY.
- OCCUPATION CONSTANT WORK USING WHICH EARNS MONEY AND CAND REAR A FAMILY.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general word for physical (and sometimes also mental) effort is perhaps miǎn 勉.
2. Láo 勞 (ant. yì 逸 "failure to put in an effort, relaxed attitude") emphasises the strenuousness and the tiresome nature of effort, and is the most widely used word.
3. Lì 力 emphasises the strength needed to make a effort.
4. Wù 務 emphasises the dutifulness of effort. NB: the meaning "strive to" is separate. See STRIVE FOR.
5. Qín 勤 refers to an honest and strenuous effort.
6. Yòng xīn 用心 focusses on concentration and the consciousness of an effort.
7. The common word jìn 盡 is sometimes used to refer to an all-out effort to do something.
2. Láo 勞 (ant. yì 逸 "failure to put in an effort, relaxed attitude") emphasises the strenuousness and the tiresome nature of effort, and is the most widely used word.
3. Lì 力 emphasises the strength needed to make a effort.
4. Wù 務 emphasises the dutifulness of effort. NB: the meaning "strive to" is separate. See STRIVE FOR.
5. Qín 勤 refers to an honest and strenuous effort.
6. Yòng xīn 用心 focusses on concentration and the consciousness of an effort.
7. The common word jìn 盡 is sometimes used to refer to an all-out effort to do something.
Modern Chinese Criteria
努力
用功
用心
發奮
奮發
奮勉
奮起
奮鬥
奮
艱苦奮鬥
埋頭苦幹
奮起直追
奮發圖強
發奮圖強
發憤圖強
勵精圖治
聞雞起舞
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
用功
用心
發奮
奮發
奮勉
奮起
奮鬥
奮
艱苦奮鬥
埋頭苦幹
奮起直追
奮發圖強
發奮圖強
發憤圖強
勵精圖治
聞雞起舞
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- When Zhong 忠 does not Mean 'Loyalty' Dao. A Journal of Comnparative Philosophy ( GOLDIN 2008) p.
- Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
170
Words
勉 miǎn OC: mronʔ MC: miɛn 26 AttributionsWD
The most general word for physical (and sometimes also mental) effort is perhaps miǎn 勉.
- Syntactic words
- vadVwith every effort, using all one's strength
- vt+prep+Nmake in effort for, work hard towards
- vt+V[0]strain oneself in VERBING, do one's best to VERB
- vt[oN]make an intense effort; do one's best
- vtoNexert oneself for; do the utmost for
勤 qín OC: ɡlɯn MC: gɨn 13 AttributionsWD
Qín 勤 refers to an honest and strenuous effort.
- Syntactic words
- nabactlaborious effort; putting in hard work
- vadVwith great effort
- vt[oN]put in a strenuous effort
- vtoNexert a diligent effort for
- vtoNcausativecause to put in strenuous effort
- vtoNN=actexert properly
盡 jìn OC: dzinʔ MC: dzin 13 AttributionsWD
The common word jìn 盡 is sometimes used to refer to an all-out effort to do something.
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Nput in effort for; excert oneself for
- vt[oN]do one's best
- vtoNdo one's best in (agricultural work etc)
- vtoNcausativecause someone to do all he can> get (someone) to do his very best
- vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to do one's very best, cause (oneself) to give everything
- vttoN1.+N2causativecause (oneself) to make every effort for N2
事 shì OC: dzrɯs MC: ɖʐɨ 12 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Oppos: 教/DOCTRINE
- Syntactic words
- nabacteffort used in the performance of work; strategic effort
- viactmake effort
忠 zhōng OC: krluŋ MC: ʈuŋ 11 AttributionsWD
- When Zhong 忠 does not Mean 'Loyalty' Dao. A Journal of Comnparative Philosophy ( GOLDIN 2008) p.
- 中國古代的"忠"論研究 ( ZUOTENG JIANGZHI 2009) p.
- Syntactic words
- nabactdedication; dedicated effort; giving one's best
- vadVwith whole-hearted effort
- viactgive one's best; do as well as one can
- vt(oN)do one's best for; work wholheartedly for something or someone contextually determinate
- vtoNgive one's best for someone or something
努力 nǔ lì OC: naaʔ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: nuo̝ lɨk 11 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVwith all one's strength
- VPiactexcert oneself, put in effort
- VPiimperativemake an effort!
- VPt+V[0]make every effort to V
- VPt+V[0]imperativemake every effort to V!
用心 yòng xīn OC: k-loŋs slɯm MC: ji̯oŋ sim 7 AttributionsWD
Yòng xīn 用心 focusses on concentration and the consciousness of an effort.
- Syntactic words
- NPabacteffort
- VPibe energetic in one's concerns, be intensely concerned about things, show intense concern for things
- VPiactpay attention and make an effort!
- VPtoNbe careful to do; pay special attention to; use one's mind on
精進 jīng jìn OC: tseŋ tsins MC: tsiɛŋ tsin 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactBUDDH: effort, right effort (one of the Six Perfections of a Bodhisattva; the phon. transcipton is 毗梨耶波羅蜜); skr. vīrya [pāramitā]
- VPiactBUDDH: put in effort in order to make spiritual progress
盡力 jìn lì OC: dzinʔ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: dzin lɨk 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactdo one's best, put in every effort, do what one can
- VPadVwith all one's might
功 gōng OC: kooŋ MC: kuŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabacteffort expended
劬 qú OC: ɡo MC: gi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactarchaic and poetic, SHI: strenuously; toil strenuously
務 wù OC: mos MC: mi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
Wù 務 emphasises the dutifulness of effort. NB: the meaning "strive to" is separate. See STRIVE FOR.
- Syntactic words
- nabacteffort
勞 láo OC: raaw MC: lɑu 3 AttributionsWD
Láo 勞 (ant. yì 逸 "failure to put in an effort, relaxed attitude") emphasises the strenuousness and the tiresome nature of effort, and is the most widely used word.
- Syntactic words
- nabrequired or obligatory effortCH
- vt+V[0]make an effort to VDS
勤苦 qín kǔ OC: ɡlɯn khaaʔ MC: gɨn khuo̝ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake strained and painful efforts, take upon oneself hardship as a method of self-cultivation
- VPpostadVpainfully; with painful effordDS
窮 qióng OC: ɡʷɯŋ MC: guŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Nexhaust one's energies in an effort towards
功力 gōng lì OC: kooŋ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: kuŋ lɨk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabacteffort
勉力 miǎn lì OC: mronʔ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: miɛn lɨk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake an effort; make every effort
操事 cāo shì OC: tshaaw dzrɯs MC: tshɑu ɖʐɨ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+prep+Nput one's effort into N
用力 yòng lì OC: k-loŋs ɡ-rɯɡ MC: ji̯oŋ lɨk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VP[adN]one who makes an effortTWH
- VPadVforcefully
- VPt+V[0]employ strength > use effort to, exert oneself Ving
用意 yòng yì OC: k-loŋs qɯɡs MC: ji̯oŋ ʔɨ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake an effort
- VPt+V[0]make an intellectual effort to V; make the effort to V
著力 zhuó lì OC: k-laɡ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: ʈi̯ɐk lɨk 2 AttributionsWD
- 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods
(
JIANG/CAO 1997)
p.
460
- Syntactic words
- VPiactattach strength > put in effort, excert oneself, exhort oneself
勞力 láo lì MC: law lik OC: raaw ɡ-rɯɡCH 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake a powerful effortCH
- VPtoNwork hard forCH
疾力 jí lì MC: dzit lik OC: dzid ɡ-rɯɡLZ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabvigorous effortLZ
- VPt[oN]to put very much effort in one's duties, to work assiduouslyLZ
悱 fěi OC: phɯlʔ MC: phɨi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vipsychmake a painful effort
農 nóng OC: nuuŋ MC: nuo̝ŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVwith laborious efforts, energetically
- vtoNmake an effort with respect to
勉強 miǎn qiǎng OC: mronʔ ɡaŋʔ MC: miɛn gi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPimake a strenuous effort
- VPiunnaturalmake an artificial/unnatural effort
勤力 qín lì OC: ɡlɯn ɡ-rɯɡ MC: gɨn lɨk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]make every effort to
疲勞 pí láo OC: bral raaw MC: biɛ lɑu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactstrenuous effort
- VPtoNcausativewear oneself out
盡心 jìn xīn MC: dzinX sim OC: dzinʔ slɯmCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VP+prep+Nacthave all my attention focussed on> make every effort on CH
僶俛 mǐn miǎn MC: mjinX mjenX OC: mblinʔ mronʔ CH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake a strenuous effort; struggle alongCH
軥錄 qú lu4 MC: gju -- OC: ɡo --LZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPi= qúlu4 劬碌: be hard-workingLZ
強力 qiáng lì MC: gjang lik OC: ɡaŋ ɡ-rɯɡCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake a strong effortCH
勞佚 láo yì MC: law yit OC: raaw liɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab{Nab1relative laboriousnessLZ
離跂 lí kuǐ MC: lje khjwieX OC: b-rel kheʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactmake a strained effortCH
託業 tuō yè MC: thak ngjaep OC: ph-laaɡ ŋabCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPi-Vactdevote all one's efforts to VCH
效忠 xiào zhōng MC: haewH trjuwng OC: ɡreews krluŋCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPido one's very best in the cause of dutyCH
肆力 sì lì MC: sijH lik OC: plils ɡ-rɯɡDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVwith all one's strenght; using all one's effortDS
斖 wěi OC: mɯlʔ MC: mɨi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe vigorous; put in effort
死 sǐ OC: pliʔ MC: si 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVwith the utmost effort, German: unter Einsatz des Lebens
苦 kǔ OC: khaaʔ MC: khuo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactput in a strenuous effort
費 fèi OC: phɯds MC: phɨi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabactexpended effort, exercise of effort
踶 zhì OC: ɡrleʔ MC: ɖiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
懃力 qín lì OC: ɡlɯn ɡ-rɯɡ MC: gɨn lɨk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactput in a diligent effort
毗梨邪波羅蜜 pí lí yé bō luó luó OC: bi ril la paal b-raal mbiɡ MC: bi li jɣɛ pʷɑ lɑ mit 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabbuddhistBUDDH: effort, right effort, pefection of effort (one of the Six Perfections, liùdù 六度; see also jīngjìn 精進); SANSKRIT vīrya-pāramitā
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VP prep Nacthave all my attention focussed on> make every effort on CH
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