CUSTOM    風俗風

REPEATED ACT CONFORMING to what is a COMMON RULE in one's GROUP.
HABITTRADITIONPRACTICEUSAGEOBSERVANCEWAYCONVENTIONFORMALITYCEREMONYRITUALSACRED COWUNWRITTEN RULEMORESFORMAL PRAXISHABITPRACTICEROUTINEWAYWONTPOLICYRULE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for current (but changeable) customs and habits at all levels of society, indluding the highest echelons of society is fēng 風. There is a current connotation that what are current fēng 風 are at least partly the result of some cultural policy or strategy. 2. Sú 俗 (and the rarer and much more personal xí 習 ) tend to refer to what is perceived as popular and sometimes even vulgar traditional practices. There is a current conception that the sú 俗 are quintessential in origin and essence, but in spite of this they are conceived of as changeable in principle. 3. Lǐ 禮 "ritual practice" refers to customary behaviour that is in accordance with the demands of ritual propriety. See RITUAL
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 19. 習俗。 習，側重在經常性。 慣，側重在固定性。 風，側重在廣泛性。 俗，側重在群眾性。
Modern Chinese Criteria
風俗 風氣 風尚 習性 習氣 俗 風 流俗 謠俗 習俗 民俗 風土 人情 風土人情 風俗習慣 習慣 慣 習以為常 習與性成 習慣成自然 三句不離本行 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • RITUAL　TYPICALLY COMPLEX SHOULD:obligatory PUBLIC CUSTOM. (anc: 13/0, child: 4)
  • GAME　CUSTOM of PLAYING. (anc: 13/0, child: 6)
  • CONVENTIONAL　CONFORMING to CUSTOM. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • FASHION　CHANGING CUSTOM TYPICALLY REGARDING GARMENTS AND HAIRSTYLE. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
See also
  • HABITREPEATED ACT CONFORMING to what is THE COMMON RULE FOR ONE PERSON.
Hypernym
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.61

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 277

    104. Inter Consuescimus, assuescimus, insuescimus. [col. 22A] Consuescimus 16 bona, insuescimus mala, assuescimus utraque [ Al., utrumque].

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    HABIT/CUSTOM

    habitus refers to a manner of living, a habit of mind and/or body.

    habitudo refers typically to a physical habit.

    RITUAL

    consuetudo refers to any uniform observance of a standard of behaviour by an individual or by a group.

    mos refers to reasoned observance of a standard on moral and traditional grounds.

    ritus refers to the hallowed of something as ordained by the gods or other supernatural powers as obligatory ceremony, and the term typically has religious connotations.

    caerimonia refers to what is habitually observed as a standard of ritual practice in serving the gods.

    HABIT

    solere refers to any event or action occurring routinely or regularly.

    consuevisse refers specifically to recurrent habitual action.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 101

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 104

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    ASSUETUDO (habit, not custom, German: Gewohnheit/Gewoehnung)

    CONSUETUDO

    MORES

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 59

  • 中華古代文化辭典 Zhonghua gudai wenhua cidian ( QIAN YULIN 1996) p. 268-289

    Traditional Chinese basic custom-related terminology simply explained.

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.1957

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1521

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.597

    GEWOHNHEIT

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 432

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 124

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 335

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 123

  • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 7.335

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.388.343

    USAGE.COUTUME; COUTUME.HABITUDE

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.196

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 428

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 86A

    • Words (20 items)

    俗  sú OC: sɢloɡ MC: zi̯ok 49 Attributions

    Sú 俗 (and the rarer and much more personal xí 習) tend to refer to what is perceived as popular and sometimes even vulgar traditional practices. There is a current conception that the sú 俗 are quintessential in origin and essence, but in spite of this they are conceived of as changeable in principle.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 世/VULGAR
    • Epithet: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.
    • Synon: 風/CUSTOM The current general word for current (but changeable) customs and habits at all levels of society, indluding the highest echelons of society is fēng 風. There is a current connotation that what are current fēng 風 are at least partly the result of some cultural policy or strategy.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactcurrent local custom; changeable custom; (temporary) habit
    • nabderogatoryvulgar customVK
    • nabpersonifiedsemi-personifed as agent: current customCH
    • nabpsychcurrent local opinion
    風  fēng OC: plum MC: puŋ 15 Attributions

    The current general word for current (but changeable) customs and habits at all levels of society, indluding the highest echelons of society is fēng 風. There is a current connotation that what are current fēng 風 are at least partly the result of some cultural policy or strategy.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: /
    • Synon: 俗/CUSTOM Sú 俗 (and the rarer and much more personal xí 習) tend to refer to what is perceived as popular and sometimes even vulgar traditional practices. There is a current conception that the sú 俗 are quintessential in origin and essence, but in spite of this they are conceived of as changeable in principle.

      Syntactic words
    • ncustoms; local ways; current habit
    • nablocal current practiceCH
    風俗  fēng sú OC: plum sɢloɡ MC: puŋ zi̯ok 12 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NP(adN)popular; vernacular (songs etc)CH
    • NPabacthabits, customs (also concretely referential); ways of dealing with things
    • NPabactcommendable good customs
    習  xí OC: sɢlɯb MC: zip 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactcurrent practice
    • nadVby custom (note that the semantics is like that of 性 "by nature")
    • vtoNputativeconsider as one's custom> be accustomed to
    習俗  xí sú OC: sɢlɯb sɢloɡ MC: zip zi̯ok 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPcustoms, accustomed practices, habits
    民俗  mín sú MC: mjin zjowk OC: min sɢloɡ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtraditional popular customs; popular customsCH
    喜  xǐ OC: qhɯʔ MC: hɨ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]have a tendency to
    禮  lǐ OC: riiʔ MC: lei 3 Attributions

    Lǐ 禮 "ritual practice" refers to customary behaviour that is in accordance with the demands of ritual propriety. See RITUAL

      Syntactic words
    • nabprevailing non-religiousproper ritual practice, characteristic ritual practice (of such and such a time)
    彝  yí OC: li MC: ji 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactarchaic: (hallowed) practice
    貫  guàn OC: koons MC: kʷɑn
    貫  guān OC: koon MC: kʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabactfashion, custom
    時宜  shí yí OC: ɡljɯ ŋɡral MC: dʑɨ ŋiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactproper behaviour at a given time; customs of the time
    國俗  guó sú OC: kʷɯɯɡ sɢloɡ MC: kək zi̯ok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialnational custom; custom in the state
    世習  shì xí OC: lʰebs sɢlɯb MC: ɕiɛi zip 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactmundane practice
    服習  fú xí OC: bɯɡ sɢlɯb MC: buk zip 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNintensitivebe thoroughly accustomed to
    土風  tǔ fēng OC: kh-laaʔ plum MC: thuo̝ puŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsociallocal custom SANGUOZHI
    流風  liú fēng OC: ru plum MC: lɨu puŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialcurrent custom SANGUOZHI
    常  cháng OC: djaŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabsocialcurrent custom
    慣  guàn OC: kroons MC: kɣan 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVpost-v, SONGSHU: customarily
    世法  shì fǎ OC: lʰebs pab MC: ɕiɛi pi̯ɐp 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialpopular customs; ways of one's time 宋 俞文豹 《吹劍錄外集》："講義理，別白是非，則須學術；酬酢事機，區分利害，必用世法。"
    風教  fēng jiào OC: plum kruus MC: puŋ kɣɛu 0 Attributions

    custom SANGUOZHI

      Syntactic words