DUST    塵土

INTENSELY DRY SOIL in INTENSELY SMALL PIECES which CAN BE BLOWN at AND MOVED by WIND.
DIRTGRIMEFILTHSMUTSOOTFINE POWDER
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust. 2. Āi 埃 refers primarily to to light dry quality of dust, and then generally dust, but the word is rarely used by itself. 3. Gòu 垢 is the general word for dust when it regarded as dirty. See DIRT
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GEOGRAPHY 19. 塵埃。 塵，通稱。 埃，飛揚的塵土，多與與他詞連用。 堁，楚方言詞。 堨，漢代詞。
Modern Chinese Criteria
灰塵 灰 塵土 塵埃 塵 纖塵 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • SOIL　SUBSTANCE ON the EARTH in which PLANTS GROW. (anc: 5/0, child: 4)
  • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 28)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 1.213

    • Words (12 items)

    塵  chén OC: din MC: ɖin 24 Attributions

    Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 埃/DUST Āi 埃 refers primarily to to light dry quality of dust, and then generally dust, but the word is rarely used by itself.
    • Assoc: 埃/DUST Āi 埃 refers primarily to to light dry quality of dust, and then generally dust, but the word is rarely used by itself.
    • Assoc: 穢/DIRTY Huì 穢 can refer to physical dirt, but the word is also used abstractly to refer to what is vulgar and morally distasteful.
    • Assoc: 垢/DUST Gòu 垢 is the general word for dust when it regarded as dirty. See DIRT

      Syntactic words
    • nabfigurativedust > defilement, impurity
    • ncc(particle of) dust (can be counted!)
    • nmdust; sand; (also abstractly in a transferred sense: defilement)
    • nmadNfigurativedust-like > trivial
    塵垢  chén gòu OC: din kooʔ MC: ɖin ku 13 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPfigurativedefilements
    • NPmdust and dirt (often: of this world); mere dust 
    • VPtoNbesmirch
    垢  gòu OC: kooʔ MC: ku 9 Attributions

    Gòu 垢 is the general word for dust when it regarded as dirty. See DIRT

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 塵/DUST Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Npsychdefilement of N
    • nmdirt, dust
    • nmfigurativedefilement
    塵埃  chén āi OC: din qɯɯ MC: ɖin ʔəi 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmdust and dirt (of all kinds)
    • NPmthe dust of this dirty worldCH
    • VPi0there is dust
    六塵  liù chén OC: ɡ-ruɡ din MC: luk ɖin 4 Attributions
    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 1298c

      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the six sense objects (色 form, 聲, sound, 香 smell, 味 flavour, 觸 touch), which come in contact with the six senses (liùgēn 六根) and produce the six consciousnesses (liùshí 六識); this contact defiles the mind therefore the sense objects are also referred to as the Six Dusts 六塵; sometimes also referred to as the Six Thieves 六賊 since they snatch away all good dharmas; sometimes also referred as the wàichén 外塵 'External pollutions' since - although they defile the mind - they cannot infiltrate the pure mind (zhēnxīn 真心) the six kinds of dust; Six Dusts > the six sense objects (which - through contact with the six senses - defile the pure mind; see the more current 六境)
    • NPbuddhistDELETE BUDDH: the six regions > the six sense objects (色 form, 聲, sound, 香 smell, 味 flavour, 觸 touch), which come in contact with the six senses (liùgēn 六根) and produce the six consciousnesses (liùshí 六識); this contact defiles the mind therefore the sense objects are also referred to as the Six Dusts 六塵; sometimes also referred to as the Six Thieves 六賊 since they snatch away all good dharmas; sometimes also referred as the wàichén 外塵 'External pollutions' since - although they defile the mind - they cannot infiltrate the pure mind (zhēnxīn 真心)
    塵坌  chén bèn OC: din bɯɯns MC: ɖin buo̝n 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmdust (as metaphor for wordly conditions)
    坌  bèn OC: bɯɯns MC: buo̝n 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmdust
    糞壤  fèn rǎng OC: puns njaŋʔ MC: pi̯un ȵi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialall sorts of dust and dirt
    泥土  ní tǔ MC: nej thuX OC: niil kh-laaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmdustCH
    塵土  chén tǔ OC: din kh-laaʔ MC: ɖin thuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmdust; dirt
    埃  āi OC: qɯɯ MC: ʔəi 1 Attribution

    Āi 埃 refers primarily to to light dry quality of dust, and then generally dust, but the word is rarely used by itself.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 塵/DUST Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.
    • Assoc: 塵/DUST Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.

      Syntactic words
    • nearly: light dust; later generally: dust
    垢濁  gòu zhuó OC: kooʔ rdooɡ MC: ku ɖɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPfigurativeimpurities
    • NPmdust and dirt