IF 如果
RELATION between sentences S1 and S2 such that it is NOT TRUE that S1 AND NOT S2.
Antonym
- THENASSUMING FOR ARGUMENT that the PRECEDING SENTENCE IS TRUE. Contrast THEREUPON.
Hypernym
- CONDITIONSITUATION which is NECESSARY for something to be ABLE to HAPPEN.
Hyponym
- COUNTERFACTUAL IF-RELATION BETWEEN A SENTENCE S1 PRESUPPOSED to be NOT TRUE AND A SENTENCE S2 SPEAK:said TO BE TRUE IF S1 IS:were TRUE.
- EVEN IF IF S1, NONETHELESS S2
- IF NOT IF NOT.
- UNLESS EXCEPT IF.
Modern Chinese Criteria
如果
如其
如若
設或
倘或
倘若
要是
若是
倘然
比方
萬一
若
如
要
設
而
苟
倘
使
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
如其
如若
設或
倘或
倘若
要是
若是
倘然
比方
萬一
若
如
要
設
而
苟
倘
使
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Old Chinese Contrasts
BROWN 2005: CONDITIONALS is very good.
Old Chinese Criteria
誠 "if really, if 'to the full'" is an emphatic conditional particle suggesting the problematic nature of the fulfilment of the condition.
- Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles
(
CASSIN 2004)
p.
583 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
12.538 WENN-DANN-SATZ
- Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
315 - The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(
BORCHERT 2005)
p.
CONDITIONALS
- Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.
Words
若 ruò OC: njaɡ MC: ȵi̯ɐk 287 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- p1adV1+.p1adV2no matter whether
- padNPab{S1}.adS2if S1 then S2CH
- padS1.adS2if; or if (often with implicit subject and without 則 in main clause, and note 若...是 as in 若晉常先，是楚弱也 which has many parallels. Apodosis often )
- padS1.adS2pseudo-conditionalif (as in If you are hungry there are some eggs in the fridge)
- vadV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}:adSif
者 zhě OC: kljaʔ MC: tɕɣɛ 65 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npro.post-NPab[S1]:adS2irrealisin the hypothetical/non-real case of>if
- npro.post-S1:adS2e.g. 如此者 "if one acts like that": if; in all cases when
- npro.post-S1:adS2if S1, then S2DS
- npro.post-S1:adS2quasi-conditionalif ( as in English "if you are hungry there is something in the fridge")
而 ér OC: njɯ MC: ȵɨ 50 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- padV.postN{SUBJ}:adSN=subjecte.g. 人臣而仁 "if a minister is kind-hearted": if
- padV{PRED}.postN{OBJ}:adSN=object其子而食"if even his son he will eat": if, even N the subject Vts
- padV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}:adS(if) even/also the preceding N (in subordinate clauses) 管氏而知禮，孰不知禮？
今 jīn OC: krɯm MC: kim 46 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nadS1.adS2purely hypothetical/counterfactualnow if for example; supposing as a purely theoretical hypothesis; now suppose
苟 gǒu OC: kooʔ MC: ku
茍 jì OC: kɯɡ MC: kɨk 42 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Syntactic words
- padS1.adS2=誠: if really; if only; as long as really; as long as truly; provided that
- padS1.postadS2as long as, given that really; if basicallyCH
- vadV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}:adSif really
也 yě OC: lalʔ MC: jɣɛ 38 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- ppostadNab{S1}.adS2nominalisation with 之 or 其君子之仕也“If the gentleman serves in office" marker of a subordinate conditional clause, the protasisCH
- ppostadS1.adS2不聽其言也“In case he does not accept the proposal": in case that; if ever S; even if ever
如 rú OC: nja MC: ȵi̯ɤ 30 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- padS1.adS2generalif in general
- padS1.adS2postposed?only if (subordinated clause comes after the main clause)
- padS1.adS2specificif by any chance
- ppostN{SUBJ} V.adSif N V-s then SCH
- vadV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}:adSsupposing that it is so; if
- vadV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}:adSirrealisif (unreal condition)
所 suǒ OC: sqraʔ MC: ʂi̯ɤ 19 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npro+Vt.adVgeneralisedwhenever Vt-ing anythingCH
- padS1.adS2if ever 所不與舅氏同心者， "Uncle, if from now on I fail to be of one heart with you..."
- padVi:post.N{SUBJ}+npro{GEN}人之所忌 "When men are full of fear..."
- padV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}:adSif ever 予所否者 "If I have have done something wrong..."
使 shǐ OC: srɯʔ MC: ʂɨ 17 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt0oS1.adS2 hypothetical and theoretical, often remote or difficult, possibility
誠 chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 16 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadS1.adS2if in truthCH
- vadV.adSconditionalif really, if in truthLZ
- vadV.postN{SUBJ}:adSconditionalif really, if truly
若其 ruò qí OC: njaɡ ɡɯ MC: ȵi̯ɐk gɨ 15 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2if by any chance; if on the other hand GY: 若其予之 若其有知 "if they have awareness"
之 zhī OC: kljɯ MC: tɕɨ 14 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npro1postnpro2.adV>Nab:adSif
- npropostN.adV>Nab{S1}:post-p:.adS2苟子之不欲 "if you really do not want to" "nominalised" marked conditional subordinate clause
其 qí OC: ɡɯ MC: gɨ 10 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npro.adS1:adS2if (with non-referential subject or indefinite subject)CH
- npro.adV:adSOBI 2: if (e.g. it rains)
- npro.adV:adSindefiniteif someone 其言之不怍， "If in making public commitments one is not shy..."
設 shè OC: qhjed MC: ɕiɛt 9 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt0oS1.adS2to suppose hypothetically, let us suppose hypothetically(sometimes correlating with 亦 in S2)
- vt0oS1.adS2mathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
若苟 ruò gǒu OC: njaɡ kooʔ MC: ȵi̯ɐk ku 9 AttributionsWD
If really
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2if really
- PPadV.postN{SUBJ}:adSif
苟為 gǒu wéi OC: kooʔ ɢʷal MC: ku ɦiɛ 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2conditionalif really, if in fact
一 yī OC: qliɡ MC: ʔit 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- padS1.adS2if by chance, as long as, when by chance
矣 yǐ OC: ɢɯʔ MC: ɦɨ 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- ppostadS1.adS2after protasis of conditionalperfective modal particle marking the conditional clause
夫 fú OC: ba MC: bi̯o 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npro.adS1:adS2now if
為 wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadS1.adS2if
- vadV.postN:adSif ZGC: 秦為知之，必不救也。
不然 bù rán OC: pɯʔ njen MC: pi̯ut ȵiɛn 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPi(0)adS1.postS2or else, sinon; otherwise
忽 hū OC: hmɯɯd MC: huot 4 AttributionsWD
- 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods
(
JIANG/CAO 1997)
p.
162, #2 BIANWEN
- Syntactic words
- padS1.adS2Tang: if, in case, assuming
假令 jiǎ lìng OC: kraaʔ ɡ-reŋ MC: kɣɛ liɛŋ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2mathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
- VPt0oS1.adS2suppose S1 then S2
如今 rú jīn OC: nja krɯm MC: ȵi̯ɤ kim 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadS1.adS2supposing theoretically that
必 bì MC: pjit OC: piɡCH 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- v0adS1.adS2必...乃 if it it needed that S1 then S2 CH
既 jì OC: kɯds MC: kɨi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}:adSif
與 yǔ OC: k-laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- ppostadS1.adS2question particle functioning as a marker of what is in effect a subordinate sentence
若使 ruò shǐ OC: njaɡ srɯʔ MC: ȵi̯ɐk ʂɨ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoS1.adS2if
自 zì OC: sblids MC: dzi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadV1.adV2if HS: 自京師不曉，況於遠方 "If this is not known n the capital, how much less in distant parts"
云 yún OC: ɢun MC: ɦi̯un 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- padS1.adS2
令 lìng OC: ɡ-reŋs MC: liɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Word relations
- Assoc: 假/COUNTERFACTUAL
Jiǎ 假 is used to make counterfactual conditionals or remotely hypothetical conditionals indifferently.
- Syntactic words
- vt+S1.adS2if, supposing that
但 dàn OC: daanʔ MC: dɑn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padV.postN{SUBJ}if you just, as long as you
倘 tǎng OC: thaaŋʔ MC: thɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padV.postN{SUBJ}:adSIF
唯 wéi OC: k-lul MC: ji 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padS1.adS2only if
時 shí OC: ɡljɯ MC: dʑɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- npost-S1.adS2as in the formula (若)。。。時
藉 jiè OC: MC: dzɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padS1.adS2if
適 shì OC: qljeɡ MC: ɕiɛk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vt[0]+V[0].adSconditionalif by any chance
唯所 wéi suǒ OC: k-lul sqraʔ MC: ji ʂi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2if only
如有 rú yǒu OC: nja ɢʷɯʔ MC: ȵi̯ɤ ɦɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoS1.adS2if
於斯 yú sī OC: qa sqe MC: ʔi̯ɤ siɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- PPpostadShypotheticalmarker of purely hypothetical suppositions
若令 ruò lìng OC: njaɡ ɡ-reŋ MC: ȵi̯ɐk liɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.postS2if
若果 ruò guǒ OC: njaɡ kloolʔ MC: ȵi̯ɐk kʷɑ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2??? predecessor of current 如果？？？
若續 ruò xù OC: njaɡ sɢloɡ MC: ȵi̯ɐk zi̯ok 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2if [CHECK OTHER EXAMPLES]
或 huò OC: ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: ɦək 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padS1.adS2if by any chance, suppose by chance
既使 jì shǐ MC: kj+jH sriX OC: kɯds srɯʔDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoS1.adS2supposing that;DS
若夫 ruò fú MC: nyae bju OC: njaɡ ba CH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.postS2ifCH
黨 tǎng MC: zyik OC: thaaŋʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padV.adS= tang3 倘: ifLZ
有如 yǒu rú MC: hjuwX nyo OC: ɢʷɯʔ njaCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadS1.adS2In case that S1 then S2CH
將 jiāng MC: tsjang OC: skaŋDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padS1.adS2conditionalif S1, then S2DS
夫苟 fú gǒu MC: bju kuwX OC: ba kooʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2if indeedCH
即 jí OC: tsɯɡ MC: tsɨk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
方 fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
今且 jīn qiě OC: krɯm MC: kim tshɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPSuppose now
今有 jīn yǒu OC: krɯm ɢʷɯʔ MC: kim ɦɨu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
- VPtoSCHEMLA 2003:
即使 jí shǐ OC: tsɯɡ srɯʔ MC: tsɨk ʂɨ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
如或 rú huò OC: nja ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: ȵi̯ɤ ɦək 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2if by any chance???? (or: if anyone by any chance)
既若 jì ruò OC: kɯds njaɡ MC: kɨi ȵi̯ɐk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadS1.adS2if indeed
- PPadV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}if N really V-s, then
Existing SW for
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