KNOW  

BELIEVE SOMETHING AND ASSUME:presuppose that it is TRUE.BELIEVE SOMETHING AND ASSUME:presuppose that it is GENERALLY BELIEVED TO BE TRUE.
BE AWAREREALIZEBE CONSCIOUSBE INFORMEDNOTICEPERCEIVESEESENSERECOGNIZEINFORMAL BE CLUED INSAVVY
Antonym
Hypernym
  • BELIEVEATTITUDE IN-RELATION-TO a THINK:thought to the effect that this THOUGHT is TRUE.
    • ATTITUDERELATION between a HUMAN who FEELS and PERCEIVED OBJECTS involving a TENDENDY to REACT.
      • RELATIONFEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER.
        • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE....
See also
  • ABLEHAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something.
    • AWAREABLE to VOLUNTARILY:deliberately REACT to. 
      • STUDYINVESTIGATE THINGS OR IMITATE ANOTHER so as to STRIVE FOR SKILLFULNESS, KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING.
        Hyponym
        • WELL-KNOWN　Be KNOWN as IMPORTANT by MANY.
          • FAMOUS　Of GOOD WELL-KNOWN:reputation.
          • POPULARITY　EXCELLENT WELL-KNOWN:reputation among the PEOPLE AS GOOD.
          • INFAMOUS　BE KNOWN as WICKED BY MANY.
        • UNDERSTAND　KNOW the BASIC PRINCIPLES of something COMPLEX.
          • RECOGNISE　UNDERSTAND WHO OR WHAT SOMEONE OR SOMETHING IS.
        • AESTHETICS　SYSTEMATIC KNOWLEDGE of what is BEAUTIFUL AND UGLY.
          • CULTURE　SYSTEM of MORALITY, AESTHETIC SENSIBILITIES, AND CUSTOMS in a SOCIETY....
        • LEARNED　KNOW MANY IMPORTANT THINGS.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The general word for knowing something to be the case in any way or on any basis is zhī 知, but the word is more common in the meanings discussed under UNDERSTAND as in 知人 "understand men".

          2. Wén 聞 is to have learnt as given, so that one knows it as part of one's intellectual tradition or education.

          3. Shí 識 is to be able to recognise and thus to have some idea of something through familiarity and experience, and what one is thus familiar with does not seem to be facts.

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          知道

          曉得

          知聞 (lit) refers to knowledge of something by hearsay.

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          • Systematic Lexicography ( APRESJAN 2000) p. 162-185

          • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 389;396

          • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 17.17

          • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 149

            EXPERIENTIA, SCIENTIA.

            186. Inter Experientiam et scientiam. Experientia in malo dici potest, ut poenas expertus, scientia autem in bono tantum.

          • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 220

            514. Inter Scire et nosse. Scire est reddere rationem [col. 62A] quam noveris; nosse, referre tantummodo quod audieris.

          • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

            KNOW

            cognitio is an abstract word for the act through which one acquires knowledge.

            nosse and notitia refer to the merely receptive state of the mind which is informed of something.

            scire and scientia refer to a more active and creative state of successful cognition coupled with an element of coherent understanding, and such scientia is not normally acquired by chance.

          • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 163

          • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 31

          • Semantica del Griego Antiguo ( HERNANDEZ 2000) p. 49n214

            B.Snell, Wissen

          • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.1780

          • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 12.855

            WISSEN

          • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1296

          • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 421

          • Enzyklopaedie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie ( MITTELSTRASS 1996) p. 4.717

            WISSEN

          • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

          • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

          • Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary ( QUINE 1987) p. 108

          • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.107:75

            GENIE.GOUT.SAVOIR

          • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. no. 5

          • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

          Words

          知  zhī OC: te MC: ʈiɛ 177 AttributionsWD

          The general word for knowing something to be the case in any way or on any basis is zhī 知, but the word is more common in the meaning discussed under UNDERSTAND.

            Word relations
          • Result: 告/REPORT The current word for any report or the passing on of any information is gào 告. But see also ADDRESS.
          • Contrast: 才 / 材/TALENT The standard word for an unusual promising ability to perform important future tasks of any kind is cái 才／材, and the talents referred to by this word do not need to be of a "higher" kind.
          • Contrast: 覺/UNDERSTAND Jué 覺 and the rarer wù 悟 are inchoative and refer to the coming to understand something

            Syntactic words
          • nabstativeknowing something; knowing things; knowledge of things; discursive knowledge, conceptual knowledge
          • vt(oN)know it, know anything about the contextually determinate thing
          • vt(oS)be aware of a contextually determinate thing; be sure of it
          • vt+V[0]how-toknow how to; know how to and that one must; know that one should; be an expert in
          • vt+V[0]thatknow that the understood object V-s
          • vt[oN]know what is going on
          • vtoNknow, be sure of; know all about
          • vtoNawarenessbe aware of (and know the importance of) MOVE TO AWARE???
          • vtoNinchoativeget to know; come to ascertain. get to be sure of, ascertain; get wind of; come to know about
          • vtoNjudgementalknow how to assess properly, be able to judge professionallyCH
          • vtoNN=humanknow the identity of N; know of; recognize the identity of
          • vtoNPabbe aware of the constellation NPabCH
          • vtoNPab{S}know that (S); (not) know whether (S)
          • vtoNPab{S}psychknow that S is true of (oneself)
          • vtoNpassivebe known; be ascertained
          • vtoSknow that S; be sure that S
          • vtoSinchoativecome to understand that S, become aware that S
          • vtoSS=complementknow for sure that (the SUBJECT PREDICATES)
          • vtt+N1{PIVOT}.+N2{PRED}psychknow that (oneself) is an N2
          • vttoN.+V[0]psychknow oneself to V
          • vttoN.+V[0]psychknow that one V-s 知己有罪
          • vttoNPab{S}psych自知其益富know that S is true of one
          識  shí OC: qhljɯɡ MC: ɕɨk 78 AttributionsWD

          Shí 識 is to be able to recognise and thus to have some idea of something through familiarity and experience, and what one is thus familiar with does not seem to be facts.

            Word relations
          • Contrast: 知/UNDERSTAND The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea")
          • Assoc: 聞/KNOW Wén 聞 is to have learnt so that one knows as part of one's tradition or education.
          • Synon: 知/UNDERSTAND The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea")

            Syntactic words
          • nab.post-V{NUM}psychforms of consciousness
          • nabpsychknowledge or understanding of things; intellectual content; content of one's cognitive awareness 有識; consciousness
          • viacthave an idea about things
          • vt(oN)have an idea about a determinate subject
          • vt(oN)ombe able to recogize, be familiar with (a contextually determinate N)
          • vt+prep+Nbe familiar with
          • vt+V[0]have an idea how to V
          • vtoNinchoativeget an idea of, get any idea of; get wind of, notice
          • vtoNN=humanrecognise, be familiar with, know (a person); be acquainted with; recognize the identity of
          • vtoNN=humanget to know a person
          • vtoNN=nonhube able to recognise; be familiar with; recognise
          • vtoNPab{S}recognise that S is the case; be aware that S happened
          • vtoNpassivebe generally recognised for what one is; be got an idea of
          • vtoNpassive(of facts) be ascertainedCH
          • vtoSrecognise that S; be aware of an event, know that something happened; be sure whether something is the case 不識 "I have no idea"
          聞  wén OC: mɯn MC: mi̯un 27 AttributionsWD

          Wén 聞 is to have learnt so that one knows as part of one's tradition or education.

            Word relations
          • Contrast: 見/SEE The clearly dominant word is jiàn 見 (ant. méng 矇 "unable to see") which refers to any act of successful visual perception.
          • Assoc: 識/KNOW Shí 識 is to be able to recognise and thus to have some idea of something through familiarity and experience, and what one is thus familiar with does not seem to be facts.

            Syntactic words
          • nabobjectwhat one has learnt; what one has heard about; information
          • vt(oN)be apprised of a contextually determinate thing, come to know about something
          • vt+prep+Npassiveit will be known by NDS
          • vtoNPab{S}changecome to learn that S, have come to understand
          • vtoNperfectiveget to know about; be informed of, have come to understand
          • vtoSbe informed that; have come to understand that; come to know that
          多聞  duō wén OC: k-laal mɯn MC: tɑ mi̯un 6 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabactpolymathia, broad learning
          • VPadNvery knowledgeable, well-informed, of broad learning
          • VPibe very knowledgeable, be highly well-informed
          心知  xīn zhī OC: slɯm te MC: sim ʈiɛ 6 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNknow in one's mindCH
          • VPtoNPab{S}know perfectly well the fact that S
          • VPtoSknow perfectly well that S
          消息  xiāo xī OC: smew sqlɯɡ MC: siɛu sɨk 6 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabnew things known> news, new information
          知有  zhī yǒu OC: te ɢʷɯʔ MC: ʈiɛ ɦɨu 6 AttributionsWD
          • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 265

            The semanitcs of 有 is very weak in these kind of examples and it probably should be defined as verbal suffix/structure word. In ZTJ there are also examples of yo3usi4 有似 'to resemble'; another example in vernacular literature is 有請 'to ask; request' (JIANG/CAO 1997:421).

          • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 444

            glossed as 知；知道

            Besides in ZTJ there are also examples in WUDENG

            Syntactic words
          • VPadNof knowing; where one knows; knowing
          • VPito know; to possess knowledge
          • VPtoNknow (有 is functioning as verbal suffix/structure word here and is nearly emptied of its meaning)
          學  xué OC: ɡruuɡ MC: ɦɣɔk 6 AttributionsWD

            Word relations
          • Epithet: 世/GENERATION The dominant general word for a generation is shì 世, and this word has strong temporal connotations referring to the period of one generation, and the word has a certain syntactic flexibility. Sān shì 三世 refers to three generations.

            Syntactic words
          • nab.post-Npsychologicalknowledge; learning; what one has learnt, what one has studied so far; "connaissances"
          • vtoNmiddle voicestudy successfully so as to know and understandCH
          聞見  wén jiàn MC: mjun kenH OC: mɯn keensLZ 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabderivedknowledge by report and/or personal experience; the evaluation of oral and/or visual proposed knowledgeCH
          • NPabobjectwhat one has heard and seen > experience, knowledgeLZ
          必  bì OC: piɡ MC: pit 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNPab{S}know for certain whether S
          • vtoNpassivebe known for certain
          • vtoSstativeknow for sure that S
          熟  shóu OC: djɯwɡ MC: dʑuk 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt+prep+Nbe thoroughly familiar
          • vtoNbe thoroughly familiar with
          • vtoNpassivebe understood in every detail
          知識  zhī shí OC: te qhljɯɡ MC: ʈiɛ ɕɨk 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt[oN]understand and recognise thingsCH
          • VPtoNbe familiar with; know of
          聰明  cōng míng MC: tshuwng mjaeng OC: skhooŋ mraŋCH 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPibe omniscientCH
          智  zhī MC: -- OC: --DS 3 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nabwhat is known; knowledgeCH
          • nabpsychologicalknowingCH
          詳  xiáng OC: sɢlaŋ MC: zi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt[oN]know in detail how to behave, be certain about the proper way of conductLZ
          • vtoNinvestigate in detail > know in detail, clearly know, be certain about
          與知  yù zhī OC: k-las te MC: ji̯ɤ ʈiɛ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt(oN)(Greek: suneidenai, Danish: vaere medvidende om) be cognizant of, be in the know on
          見聞  jiàn wén OC: keens mɯn MC: ken mi̯un 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: ?? what one has seen and heard > knowledge (understanding) (originally referring to seeing the Buddha and listening to his teaching)
          • VPtoNsee and hear > witness
          閑  xián OC: ɢreen MC: ɦɣɛn 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNstativebe familiar with
          五明  wǔ míng OC: ŋaaʔ mraŋ MC: ŋuo̝ mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabdefinite(BUDDH:) the five kinds of studies/knowledge in Ancient India, consisting of 聲明 (music), 工巧明 (techincal knowledge); 醫方明 (medicine); 因明 (logic), and 內明 (psychology)
          境智  jìng zhì OC: kraŋʔ tes MC: kɣaŋ ʈiɛ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the cognitive function of perceiving objects; knowledge of the objective sphere; SANSKRIT: jñena-jñāna See DDB: http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?58.xml+id('b5883-667a')
          定知  dìng zhī OC: deeŋs te MC: deŋ ʈiɛ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoSknow for certain
          究悉  jiū xī OC: kus sid MC: kɨu sit 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoSascertain
          見知  jiàn zhī OC: keens te MC: ken ʈiɛ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabknowledge of the factsl, understanding of the evidence; insight
          順孰  shùn shú MC: zywinH dzyuwk OC: ɢjuns djɯwɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPt[oN]be thoroughly familiar with the correct principlesLZ
          博識  bó shí MC: pak syik OC: paaɡ qhljɯɡCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPadNbroadly knowledgeableCH
          識物  shí wù MC: syik mjut OC: qhljɯɡ mɯdCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPabknowledge of thingsCH
          承知  chéng zhī MC: dzying trje OC: ɡjɯŋ teCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoNcontinue the (traditional) understanding of; continue to practice the knowledge ofCH
          聞識  wén shí MC: mjun syik OC: mɯn qhljɯɡCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • nabpsychknowledge, ajourness of intellectual orientationCH
          預  yù OC: las MC: ji̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • vt+prep+Nbe aware of beforehand; know beforehand
          知道  zhī dào OC: te ɡ-luuʔ MC: ʈiɛ dɑu 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • VPtoSstativeknow (etymologically: 知到, traditionally always miswritten as 知道

          Existing SW for

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