KNOW   

BELIEVE SOMETHING AND ASSUME:presuppose that it is TRUE.
BE AWAREREALIZEBE CONSCIOUSBE INFORMEDNOTICEPERCEIVESEESENSERECOGNIZEINFORMAL BE CLUED INSAVVY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for knowing something to be the case in any way or on any basis is zhī 知, but the word is more common in the meanings discussed under UNDERSTAND as in 知人 "understand men".2. Wén 聞 is to have learnt as given, so that one knows it as part of one's intellectual tradition or education.3. Shí 識 is to be able to recognise and thus to have some idea of something through familiarity and experience, and what one is thus familiar with does not seem to be facts.
Modern Chinese Criteria
知道 曉得 知聞 (lit) refers to knowledge of something by hearsay. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • WELL-KNOWN　Be KNOWN as IMPORTANT by MANY. (anc: 8/0, child: 3)
  • UNDERSTAND　KNOW the BASIC PRINCIPLES of something COMPLEX. (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
  • AESTHETICS　SYSTEMATIC KNOWLEDGE of what is BEAUTIFUL AND UGLY. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • LEARNED　KNOW MANY IMPORTANT THINGS. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
Antonym
See also
  • ABLEHAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something.
  • AWAREABLE to VOLUNTARILY:deliberately REACT to. 
  • STUDYINVESTIGATE THINGS OR IMITATE ANOTHER so as to STRIVE FOR SKILLFULNESS, KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING.
Hypernym
  • BELIEVE　ATTITUDE IN-RELATION-TO a THINK:thought to the effect that this THOUGHT is TRUE. (anc: 6/0, child: 15)
  • ATTITUDE　RELATION between a HUMAN who FEELS and PERCEIVED OBJECTS involving a TENDENDY to REACT. (anc: 5/0, child: 3)
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • Systematic Lexicography ( APRESJAN 2000) p. 162-185

  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 389;396

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 17.17

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 149

    EXPERIENTIA, SCIENTIA.

    186. Inter Experientiam et scientiam. Experientia in malo dici potest, ut poenas expertus, scientia autem in bono tantum.

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 220

    514. Inter Scire et nosse. Scire est reddere rationem [col. 62A] quam noveris; nosse, referre tantummodo quod audieris.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    KNOW

    cognitio is an abstract word for the act through which one acquires knowledge.

    nosse and notitia refer to the merely receptive state of the mind which is informed of something.

    scire and scientia refer to a more active and creative state of successful cognition coupled with an element of coherent understanding, and such scientia is not normally acquired by chance.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 163

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 31

  • Semantica del Griego Antiguo ( HERNANDEZ 2000) p. 49n214

    B.Snell, Wissen

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.1780

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 12.855

    WISSEN

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1296

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 421

  • Enzyklopaedie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie ( MITTELSTRASS 1996) p. 4.717

    WISSEN

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary ( QUINE 1987) p. 108

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.107:75

    GENIE.GOUT.SAVOIR

  • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. no. 5

  • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

    • Words (30 items)

    知  zhī OC: te MC: ʈiɛ 179 Attributions

    The general word for knowing something to be the case in any way or on any basis is zhī 知, but the word is more common in the meaning discussed under UNDERSTAND.

      Word relations
    • Result: 告/REPORT The current word for any report or the passing on of any information is gào 告. But see also ADDRESS.
    • Contrast: 才 / 材/TALENT The standard word for an unusual promising ability to perform important future tasks of any kind is cái 才／材, and the talents referred to by this word do not need to be of a "higher" kind.
    • Contrast: 覺/UNDERSTAND Jué 覺 and the rarer wù 悟 are inchoative and refer to the coming to understand something

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativeknowing something; knowing things; knowledge of things; discursive knowledge, conceptual knowledge
    • vt(oN)know it, know anything about the contextually determinate thing
    • vt(oS)be aware of a contextually determinate thing; be sure of it
    • vt+V[0]how-toknow how to; know how to and that one must; know that one should; be an expert in
    • vt+V[0]thatknow that the understood object V-s
    • vt[oN]know what is going on
    • vtoNknow, be sure of; know all about
    • vtoNawarenessbe aware of (and know the importance of) MOVE TO AWARE???
    • vtoNinchoativeget to know; come to ascertain. get to be sure of, ascertain; get wind of; come to know about
    • vtoNjudgementalknow how to assess properly, be able to judge professionallyCH
    • vtoNN=humanknow the identity of N; know of; recognize the identity of
    • vtoNPabbe aware of the constellation NPabCH
    • vtoNPab{S}know that (S); (not) know whether (S)
    • vtoNPab{S}psychknow that S is true of (oneself)
    • vtoNpassivebe known; be ascertained
    • vtoSknow that S; be sure that S
    • vtoSinchoativecome to understand that S, become aware that S
    • vtoSS=complementknow for sure that (the SUBJECT PREDICATES)
    • vtt+N1{PIVOT}.+N2{PRED}psychknow that (oneself) is an N2
    • vttoN.+V[0]psychknow oneself to V
    • vttoN.+V[0]psychknow that one V-s 知己有罪
    • vttoNPab{S}psych自知其益富know that S is true of one
    識  shí OC: qhljɯɡ MC: ɕɨk 78 Attributions

    Shí 識 is to be able to recognise and thus to have some idea of something through familiarity and experience, and what one is thus familiar with does not seem to be facts.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 知/UNDERSTAND The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea")
    • Assoc: 聞/KNOW Wén 聞 is to have learnt so that one knows as part of one's tradition or education.
    • Synon: 知/UNDERSTAND The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea")

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-V{NUM}psychforms of consciousness
    • nabpsychknowledge or understanding of things; intellectual content; content of one's cognitive awareness 有識; consciousness
    • viacthave an idea about things
    • vt(oN)have an idea about a determinate subject
    • vt(oN)ombe able to recogize, be familiar with (a contextually determinate N)
    • vt+prep+Nbe familiar with
    • vt+V[0]have an idea how to V
    • vtoNinchoativeget an idea of, get any idea of; get wind of, notice
    • vtoNN=humanrecognise, be familiar with, know (a person); be acquainted with; recognize the identity of
    • vtoNN=humanget to know a person
    • vtoNN=nonhube able to recognise; be familiar with; recognise
    • vtoNPab{S}recognise that S is the case; be aware that S happened
    • vtoNpassivebe generally recognised for what one is; be got an idea of
    • vtoNpassive(of facts) be ascertainedCH
    • vtoSrecognise that S; be aware of an event, know that something happened; be sure whether something is the case 不識 "I have no idea"
    聞  wén OC: mɯn MC: mi̯un 27 Attributions

    Wén 聞 is to have learnt so that one knows as part of one's tradition or education.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 見/SEE The clearly dominant word is jiàn 見 (ant. méng 矇 "unable to see") which refers to any act of successful visual perception.
    • Assoc: 識/KNOW Shí 識 is to be able to recognise and thus to have some idea of something through familiarity and experience, and what one is thus familiar with does not seem to be facts.

      Syntactic words
    • nabobjectwhat one has learnt; what one has heard about; information
    • vt(oN)be apprised of a contextually determinate thing, come to know about something
    • vt+prep+Npassiveit will be known by NDS
    • vtoNPab{S}changecome to learn that S, have come to understand
    • vtoNperfectiveget to know about; be informed of, have come to understand
    • vtoSbe informed that; have come to understand that; come to know that
    心知  xīn zhī OC: slɯm te MC: sim ʈiɛ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNknow in one's mindCH
    • VPtoNPab{S}know perfectly well the fact that S
    • VPtoSknow perfectly well that S
    消息  xiāo xī OC: smew sqlɯɡ MC: siɛu sɨk 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabnew things known> news, new information
    多聞  duō wén OC: k-laal mɯn MC: tɑ mi̯un 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactpolymathia, broad learning
    • VPadNvery knowledgeable, well-informed, of broad learning
    • VPibe very knowledgeable, be highly well-informed
    學  xué OC: ɡruuɡ MC: ɦɣɔk 6 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 世/GENERATION The dominant general word for a generation is shì 世, and this word has strong temporal connotations referring to the period of one generation, and the word has a certain syntactic flexibility. Sān shì 三世 refers to three generations.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Npsychologicalknowledge; learning; what one has learnt, what one has studied so far; "connaissances"
    • vtoNmiddle voicestudy successfully so as to know and understandCH
    知有  zhī yǒu OC: te ɢʷɯʔ MC: ʈiɛ ɦɨu 6 Attributions
    • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 265

      The semanitcs of 有 is very weak in these kind of examples and it probably should be defined as verbal suffix/structure word. In ZTJ there are also examples of yo3usi4 有似 'to resemble'; another example in vernacular literature is 有請 'to ask; request' (JIANG/CAO 1997:421).

    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 444

      glossed as 知；知道

      Besides in ZTJ there are also examples in WUDENG

      Syntactic words
    • VPadNof knowing; where one knows; knowing
    • VPito know; to possess knowledge
    • VPtoNknow (有 is functioning as verbal suffix/structure word here and is nearly emptied of its meaning)
    聞見  wén jiàn MC: mjun kenH OC: mɯn keens 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabderivedknowledge by report and/or personal experience; the evaluation of oral and/or visual proposed knowledgeCH
    • NPabobjectwhat one has heard and seen > experience, knowledgeLZ
    知識  zhī shí OC: te qhljɯɡ MC: ʈiɛ ɕɨk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]understand and recognise thingsCH
    • VPtoNbe familiar with; know of
    必  bì OC: piɡ MC: pit 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNPab{S}know for certain whether S
    • vtoNpassivebe known for certain
    • vtoSstativeknow for sure that S
    智  zhī MC: -- OC: -- 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabwhat is known; knowledgeCH
    • nabpsychologicalknowingCH
    熟  shóu OC: djɯwɡ MC: dʑuk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nbe thoroughly familiar
    • vtoNbe thoroughly familiar with
    • vtoNpassivebe understood in every detail
    聰明  cōng míng MC: tshuwng mjaeng OC: skhooŋ mraŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe omniscientCH
    詳  xiáng OC: sɢlaŋ MC: zi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]know in detail how to behave, be certain about the proper way of conductLZ
    • vtoNinvestigate in detail > know in detail, clearly know, be certain about
    見聞  jiàn wén OC: keens mɯn MC: ken mi̯un 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: ?? what one has seen and heard > knowledge (understanding) (originally referring to seeing the Buddha and listening to his teaching)
    • VPtoNsee and hear > witness
    與知  yù zhī OC: k-las te MC: ji̯ɤ ʈiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)(Greek: suneidenai, Danish: vaere medvidende om) be cognizant of, be in the know on
    定知  dìng zhī OC: deeŋs te MC: deŋ ʈiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSknow for certain
    閑  xián OC: ɢreen MC: ɦɣɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNstativebe familiar with
    聞識  wén shí MC: mjun syik OC: mɯn qhljɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychknowledge, ajourness of intellectual orientationCH
    境智  jìng zhì OC: kraŋʔ tes MC: kɣaŋ ʈiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the cognitive function of perceiving objects; knowledge of the objective sphere; SANSKRIT: jñena-jñāna See DDB: http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?58.xml+id('b5883-667a')
    見知  jiàn zhī OC: keens te MC: ken ʈiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabknowledge of the factsl, understanding of the evidence; insight
    博識  bó shí MC: pak syik OC: paaɡ qhljɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNbroadly knowledgeableCH
    究悉  jiū xī OC: kus sid MC: kɨu sit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSascertain
    順孰  shùn shú MC: zywinH dzyuwk OC: ɢjuns djɯwɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]be thoroughly familiar with the correct principlesLZ
    識物  shí wù MC: syik mjut OC: qhljɯɡ mɯd 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabknowledge of thingsCH
    承知  chéng zhī MC: dzying trje OC: ɡjɯŋ te 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcontinue the (traditional) understanding of; continue to practice the knowledge ofCH
    五明  wǔ míng OC: ŋaaʔ mraŋ MC: ŋuo̝ mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdefinite(BUDDH:) the five kinds of studies/knowledge in Ancient India, consisting of 聲明 (music), 工巧明 (techincal knowledge); 醫方明 (medicine); 因明 (logic), and 內明 (psychology)
    知道  zhī dào OC: te ɡ-luuʔ MC: ʈiɛ dɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSstativeknow (etymologically: 知到, traditionally always miswritten as 知道
    預  yù OC: las MC: ji̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nbe aware of beforehand; know beforehand