DESCENDANT    後代後

HUMAN HAVING a DEFINED OTHER HUMAN as FATHER, MOTHER, OR ANCESTOR.
SUCCESSORSCIONHEIR(DESCENDANTS) OFFSPRINGPROGENYFAMILYLINEAGELAW ISSUEARCHAIC SEEDFRUIT OF ONE'S LOINS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general current and common abstract term for offspring is hòu 後 (ant. xiān 先 "forbears"). 2. Yì 裔 (ant. zǔ 祖 "ancestors"), a fairly rare word in pre-Buddhist texts, can refer to any offspring of a clan or occasionally a people. 3. Zhòu 冑 refers to royal offspring. 4. Yìn 胤 refers to distant offspring. 5. Zòng 從 (ant. dí 嫡 "direct heirs") refers to the younger generation members of the same clan who do not immediately inherit. 6. Zǐ 子 refers to children of any sex. See CHILD 7. Sūn 孫 refers to all descendants lower than the generation of children. 8. Shù 庶 and niè 孽 (ant. zhèng 正 "descendant in direct line") refer to offspring by other women than the main wife. 9. Dí 嫡 / 適 (ant. zòng 從 "descendants who are not heirs") refers specifically to the direct legitimate heir. 10. Zǐ zhí 子姪 is a general term for descendants. 11. Zǐ xìng 子姓 specifically refers to the sons and grandsons.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 23. 後代子孫。 後，通稱，構詞能力強。 昆，引申為後代，用作語素。 嗣，有繼承權位的後代，作語素。 繼，偶作名詞，指繼承了王位或王侯權位的後代。 胤，重在血統。 世，常作語素，指遠世子孫。 苗，比喻遠世子孫。 裔，遠世後代，一般作語素。 胄，帝王或貴族的後代。
Modern Chinese Criteria
子孫 子息 子嗣 兒孫 後代 後人 後嗣 後生 後昆 後裔 苗裔 裔冑 後 裔 嗣 冑 胤 後胤 祚胤 遺族 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CHILD　YOUNG DESCENDENT. (anc: 8/0, child: 5)
  • HEIR　DESCENDENT who INHERITS something from someone. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • ANCESTORRELATIVE of PAST GENERATION whose DESCENDANT one is. 
Hypernym
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • CREATURE　LIVING THING. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 2.57

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    DESCENDENT

    posteritas is the general prosaic word for descendents.

    progenies is an elevated word for one's descendents.

    proles refers to children as fruits destined, as a younger race, to exist with their parents.

    suboles refers to children as an after-growth destined to replace the elder generation.

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 65

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 288

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 70

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 72A

    • Words (33 items)

    子孫  zǐ sūn OC: sklɯʔ sluun MC: tsɨ suo̝n 28 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP(post-N)pluralthe offspring; descendants; posterity
    • NPnonreferentialoffspring; posterity
    • NPpost-Npluralthe descendants; posterity of NLZ
    • NP{PRED}be descendants
    後  hòu OC: ɡooʔ MC: ɦu 14 Attributions

    The general current and common abstract term for offspring is hòu 後 (ant. xiān 先 "forbears").

      Syntactic words
    • n(post-N)offspring, later generations
    • npost-NN=humdescendant, offspring
    子弟  zǐ dì OC: sklɯʔ liilʔ MC: tsɨ dei 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialoffspring, the younger generation; junior members of the family; scion
    • NP{PRED}be a descendant
    孽  niè OC: ŋred MC: ŋiɛt 5 Attributions

    Shù 庶 and niè 孽 (ant. zhèng 正 "descendant in direct line") refer to offspring by other women than the main wife.

      Syntactic words
    • nirregular offspring, illegitimate child
    • nadNborn by a woman other than one's main wife 孽子
    • vtoNattitudinaltreat as irregular offspring
    苗裔  miáo yì OC: mrew leds MC: miɛu jiɛi 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPoffspring, descendant
    孫  sūn OC: sluun MC: suo̝n 4 Attributions

    Sūn 孫 refers to all descendants lower than the generation of children.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 子/CHILD The commonest word for a child is zǐ 子"son; child; rarely: baby".

      Syntactic words
    • nson's son; grandson
    • npost-NprNpr's grandsonDS
    嫡  dí OC: k-leeɡ MC: tek
    適  dí OC: k-leeɡ MC: tek 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ndirect descendent of the ducal house
    • vadNlegitimate by descentCH
    後嗣  hòu sì OC: ɡooʔ sɢlɯs MC: ɦu zɨ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP(post-N)pluraldescendants
    葉  yè MC: yep OC: leb 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmoffspring; descendantsCH
    子  zǐ OC: sklɯʔ MC: tsɨ 2 Attributions

    Zǐ 子 refers to children of any sex. See CHILD

      Syntactic words
    • nhuman(human) offspringCH
    • nmnon-humanoffspring (as of birds etc)
    昭  zhāo OC: kljew MC: tɕiɛu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ndescendent whose ancestral tablet will be placed on the left in the ancestral temple
    穆  mù OC: muɡ MC: muk 2 Attributions

    descendent whose ancestral tablet will be placed on the right in the ancestral temple

      Syntactic words
    • ndescendent whose ancestral tablet will be placed on the right in the ancestral temple
    胤  yìn OC: lins MC: jin 1 Attribution

    Zhòu 冑 and yìn 胤 are general abstract terms for offspring.

      Syntactic words
    • ndescendent
    裔  yì OC: leds MC: jiɛi 1 Attribution

    Yì 裔 (ant. zǔ 祖 "ancestors"), a fairly rare word in pre-Buddhist texts, can refer to any offspring of a clan or occasionally a people.

      Syntactic words
    • noffspring
    • npost-Nlater descendents ofCH
    自出  zì chū OC: sblids khljud MC: dzi tɕhʷit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]N=humdescendant
    類  lèi OC: ruds MC: li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • noffspring 後類
    餘  yú OC: la MC: ji̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • npost-Nsurviving descendants of N
    後類  hòu lèi OC: ɡooʔ ruds MC: ɦu li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialoffspring, later generations
    右公子  yòu gōng zǐ OC: ɢʷɯʔ klooŋ sklɯʔ MC: ɦɨu kuŋ tsɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPducal son of the right
    庶  shù OC: qhljaɡs MC: ɕi̯ɤ 1 Attribution

    Shù 庶 and niè 孽 (ant. zhèng 正 "descendant in direct line") refer to offspring by other women than the main wife.

      Syntactic words
    • nillegitimate offspring; offspring by companions other than the regular wife
    裔冑  yì zhòu OC: leds rliwɡs MC: jiɛi ɖɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPdescendent
    孫子  sūn zǐ OC: sluun sklɯʔ MC: suo̝n tsɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialrefers specifically to third generation descendents, but the word can also refer generally to descendants, as in SHI 文王孫子
    績  jī MC: tsek OC: skleeɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • n[post-N]pluralown desendentsCH
    子系  zǐ xì OC: sklɯʔ ɡeeɡs MC: tsɨ ɦei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}nonreferentialdescendents, offspring
    代  dài OC: lɯɯɡs MC: dəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluraldescendants, later generations
    冑  zhòu OC: rliwɡs MC: ɖɨu 0 Attributions

    Zhòu 冑 and yìn 胤 are general abstract terms for offspring.

      Syntactic words
    曾孫  zēng sūn OC: tsɯɯŋ sluun MC: tsəŋ suo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}nonreferentialrefers specifically to fourth generation descendents of the grandchildren
    玄孫  xuán sūn OC: ɡʷeen sluun MC: ɦen suo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPdistant offspring
    姓  xìng OC: seŋs MC: siɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • noffspring viewed as persons of the same surname
    從  zòng OC: dzoŋs MC: dzi̯oŋ 0 Attributions

    Zòng 從 (ant. dí 嫡 "direct heirs") refers to the younger generation members of the same clan who do not immediately inherit.

      Syntactic words
    • nmyounger generation members of the same clan
    後人  hòu rén OC: ɡooʔ njin MC: ɦu ȵin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluraldescendants
    子姓  zǐ xìng OC: sklɯʔ seŋs MC: tsɨ siɛŋ 0 Attributions

    Zǐ xìng 子姓 specifically refers to the sons and grandsons.

      Syntactic words
    子姪  zǐ zhí OC: sklɯʔ ɡ-liɡ MC: tsɨ ɖit 0 Attributions

    Zǐ zhí 子姪 is a general term for descendants.

      Syntactic words