TREE    樹木木

INTENSELY LARGE COMMON PLANT [BIOLOGY].
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for a tree is mù 木. In Shang times times this word was a count noun for trees, later it also referred to felled trees and in particular to timber as a material. Thus in Warring States times the special feature of this word is that it is a mass noun as well as a count noun. 2. Shù 樹 "tree" derives etymologically from the verb shù 樹 "to plant", and then came to mean, by extension "what is planted". The word always functions as a count noun.
Modern Chinese Criteria
樹木 樹 木 果樹 果木 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • BAMBOO　TREE in the form of GIANT GRASS, the STEMS of which CAN be USED AS STICKS. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • TREE, KINDS　CATEGORY of TREE. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • OAK　The name of a well-known forest TREE, Quercus Robur. [] (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • TREES　KINDS OF TREES (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • BUSH　TREE that GROWS INTENSELY LOW AND HAS MANY BRANCHES. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
Part of
  • BRANCHPART of TREE that GROWS on the TRUNK.
  • TIMBERSUBSTANCE OF the MAIN PART of TREES.
Hypernym
  • PLANT　CREATURE that CAN NOT VOLUTARILY MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 11)
  • CREATURE　LIVING THING. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 1.42

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 8.60

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 468

    ARBOR, ARBOS

    44. Ex Agraet., et ipse Etymolog. lib. XVII, cap. 6.

    [col. 16D] Ibid. Vat., et fructuosae. [AREV.]

    ]

    44. Inter Arbos et arbor. Arbor interdum et sine fructu, arbos vero nonnisi fructifera. Similiter silva et nemus. Silva interdum est fructuosa, nemus vero arbores umbrosae et infructuosae intelliguntur.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 201

    Baum; Baeume:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 723

    Baum:

    Common in Han reliefs.

  • “諷、誦、讀”辨釋 "Feng, yong, du" bianshi 漢語史研究集刊 Hanyu shi yanjiu jikan ( GUAN XIHUA 1998) p.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 39

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 28

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.448

  • 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究 ( WANG WEIHUI 2000) p. 81

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 75

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 456

    樹，木

    1. WL seems to suggest that apart from special derived meanings of mu4 木 like "simple" and so on, in their nominal meanings referring to a tree, shu4 樹 and mu4 木 are synonymous. In fact, the semantic distinction between these nouns is very clear, mu4 木 being able to function both as a count noun "tree" and as a mass noun "timber", whereas the noun shu4 樹 never means anything remotely like "timber".

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 346ff

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    arbor, -oris 'tree' [f. s] (P1.+; nom.sg. arbos (Verg., Ov.), acc.sg. arbosem,

    nom./acc.pl. arboses Paul, ex F.)

  • Realencyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft ( PAULY 1894-1973) p. 3.155

    BAUMKULTUS

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.163

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.164

    • Words (16 items)

    樹木  shù mù OC: djos mooɡ MC: dʑi̯o muk 25 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPdefinitethe trees
    • NP{N1=N2}nonreferentialtrees; trees of all kinds
    木  mù OC: mooɡ MC: muk 18 Attributions

    The current word for a tree is mù 木. In Shang times times this word was a count noun for trees, later it also referred to felled trees and in particular to timber as a material. Thus in Warring States times the special feature of this word is that it is a mass noun as well as a count noun.

      Word relations
    • Object: 緣/CRAWL Pān 攀 and yuán 緣refer to crawling upwards.
    • Epithet: 喬/HIGH Qiáo 喬refers specifically to the imposing tallness of trees.
    • Epithet: 枝/BRANCH The standard word for any kind of branch, large or small, is zhī 枝 (ant. gàn 幹 "trunk"), a word etymologically related to zhī 肢 "limb".
    • Assoc: 樹/TREE
    • Assoc: 草/GRASS The current general term for grass, possibly including some of what we would call flowers, is cǎo 草.
    • Oppos: 根/ROOT The current common word for a root of any kind is gēn 根, but the word also refers specifically to roots growing horizontally near the surface of the earth.

      Syntactic words
    • ntree
    • nadVanalogylike a tree
    • n{PLACE}adVon trees
    樹  shù OC: djos MC: dʑi̯o 11 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 木/TREE The current word for a tree is mù 木. In Shang times times this word was a count noun for trees, later it also referred to felled trees and in particular to timber as a material. Thus in Warring States times the special feature of this word is that it is a mass noun as well as a count noun.

      Syntactic words
    • ntree 上樹 versus 緣木
    林木  lín mù OC: ɡ-rɯm mooɡ MC: lim muk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialtrees; forests
    林樹  lín shù OC: ɡ-rɯm djoʔ MC: lim dʑi̯o 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluraltrees
    菑  zī 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nstumpLZ
    菩提樹  pú tí shù OC: bɯ ɡ-lee djoʔ MC: buo̝ dei dʑi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPbuddhistBUDDH: bodhi-tree; the tree under which Buddha reached enlightenment
    唐棣  táng dì OC: ɡ-laaŋ ɡ-lɯɯds MC: dɑŋ dei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPwild cherry tree??
    樹林  shù lín OC: djos ɡ-rɯm MC: dʑi̯o lim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluraltrees
    本  běn MC: pwonX OC: pɯɯnʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ncpost-V{NUM}classifierclassifier for treesLZ
    林  lín OC: ɡ-rɯm MC: lim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nadNmade of wood > wooden
    劍樹  jiàn shù OC: kloms djos MC: ki̯ɐm dʑi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPfigurative[Buddh] tree of swords
    果樹  guǒ shù OC: kloolʔ djos MC: kʷɑ dʑi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPfruit tree
    竹木  zhú mù OC: tuɡ mooɡ MC: ʈuk muk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmbamboos and (other?) trees
    幹  gàn OC: kaans MC: kɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmwood
    拱木  gǒng mù OC: koŋʔ mooɡ MC: ki̯oŋ muk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPthick tree (which one can cover in an "embrace")