Taxonomy of meanings for 妒:　　

  • 妒 dù (OC: k-laas MC: tuo) 當故切 去 廣韻：【妒忌當故切十二 】
    • HATE
      • vtoNresent (typically out of jealousy)[See JEALOUS][CA]
    • JEALOUS
      • nabpsychjealousy
      • v[adN]pluralthe enviers, the jealous people
      • vadN妒友 "jealous friend", 妒臣 "jealous minister"
      • vadVthrough jealousy???
      • vt[oN]be jealous, be given to jealousy
      • vt[oN]actshow jealousy
      • vtoNbe jealous of (erotically or politically) 妒功　妒而惡之
      • vtoNpassivebe exposed to jealousy 見妒
  • 妒 dù (OC: taaɡs MC: tuo) 當故切 去 廣韻：【同妒 】

    Additional information about 妒

    說文解字: 【妒】，婦妒夫也。从女、戶聲。 【當故切】

      Criteria
    • ENVY

      1. The most current general word for the positive aspects envy is probably xiàn 羨 (ant. dù 妒 "resentful envy"), but this word rarely has negative overtones of dissatisfaction and is often close in meaning to "admiration". See ADMIRE.

      2. The rare usage of the word lián 憐 which normally means "to pity", to mean "envy" has no strong overtones of objective admiration.

      NB: for dù 妒 etc. see HATE and JEALOUS. It is difficult to find a general word for envy as a negative attitude without that element of hatred and resentment in pre-Buddhist China.

    • JEALOUS

      1. The general current word for jealousy of any kind, political, emotional, or sexual, is dù 妒.

      2. Jí 嫉 refers primarily to sexual jealousy and often involves strong connotations of hatred.

      3. Mào 媢 is a rare and archaic word referring to jealously in a dignified way.

      4. Jì 忌 refers to resentful jealousy or envy of someone, typically for some advantage he has. The word is thus marginal in this group.

      NB: While there are number of words for jealousy, it is hard to find any common word for envy in pre-Buddhist Chinese. See ENVY.

    • HATE

      1. The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects.

      2. Yuàn 怨 is resentment due to identified concrete causes, and the emotion is typically directed towards superiors or equals.

      3. Zēng 憎 (ant. ài 愛 "love") is a rather mild and lingering form of resentment directed at a person.

      4. Jí 疾 / 嫉 can refer to intense personally focussed resentment.

      5. Jì 忌, jí 嫉, and dù 妒 refer to intense personal resentment typically occasioned by envy for some success in love (jealousy) or in politics.

      6. Hèn 恨 "nourish feelings of hatred" is relatively rare in this meaning in pre-Qin times, and it stresses the emotional aspect of hatred.

      7. Yàn 厭 "come to be fed up with" (ant. hào 好 "be fond of") is a resentment due to overexposure to some condition or to a person's behaviour.

      8. Fán 煩 "be irritated at, be annoyed with" refers to a dissatisfaction due to overexposure to some condition or to a person's behaviour.

      9. Kǔ 苦 "resent bitterly", huàn 患 "REGARD AS DISASTROUS> be upset by", and bìng 病 "feel profoundly offended" focus on resentment of some prevailing condition as insufferable and may be directed at responsible officials but not primarily in a personal way.

      10. Wàng 望 is archaising word typically referrring to resentment against superiors.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: (JEALOUS)嫉 / 嫉 / 疾/JEALOUS Jí 嫉 refers primarily to sexual jealousy and often involves strong connotations of hatred.