WALL  牆壁

SLIM, AND TYPICALLY HIGH VERTICAL PART of a BUILDING, TYPICALLY SURROUNDING a ROOM, OR USED FOR SHOWING a BOUNDARY OR PROTECTING a PLACE INSIDE.
BARRIERPARTITIONENCLOSURESCREENPANELDIVIDERBULKHEAD
Hypernym
Hyponym
  • CITY WALL　FORTIFYING WALL ENCIRCLING a CITY.
    • SCREEN　THIN WALL which CAN be MOVED, OR WALL WHICH is USED to BLOCK the WIND OR LOOKING.
      黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
      HUANG JINGUI 2006

      ARCHITECTURE 13.

      牆，最早是木骨泥牆，後多用夯土或土坯製成土牆，明代始有磚牆。

      垣，環繞居舍的矮牆。

      牆，獨立外牆的總稱。

      壁，建築物的內牆。

      墉，宮室的北牆。堵，一段牆。

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      牆壁

      牆

      壁

      垣

      堵

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 7.27

      • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

        WALL

        murus refers to any sort of wall, merely with reference to its form, without reference to its use.

        paries refers specifically to the outer walls in a house, or the walls within a house.

        moenia refers to the city walls, used as a defense against an enemy.

        munimenta refers to the system of walls in a fortress.

        maceria is the outer wall of a compound to mark the boundaries and to exclude thieves, and the word may refer to a garden wall.

        parietina is a wall that has crumbled and lies in ruins.

      • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 48

      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 192

      • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.380

      Words

      牆  qiáng OC: sɡaŋ MC: dzi̯ɐŋ
      牆  qiáng OC: sɡaŋ MC: dzi̯ɐŋ 17 AttributionsWD

        Syntactic words
      • nnonreferentialany wall of any kind
      • nspecificalso墻：high wall round a house or in a house; wall between the buildings belonging to one single compound cf. 宮牆,宮墻
      • vibuild a wall, establish a partition/wallCH
      • vtoNbuild a wall around
      城郭  chéng guō OC: djeŋ kʷaaɡ MC: dʑiɛŋ kɑk 14 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPdefinitecity walls of all kinds
      • NPnonreferentialcity walls of all kinds; outer or inner city walls
      垣  yuán OC: ɢon MC: ɦi̯ɐn 10 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nlittle wall surrounding a garden, field or large dwelling, enclosure
      壁  bì OC: peeɡ MC: pek 7 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nthe outer four walls defining a house; in military strategy: a temporary wall or blockade erected as a defense against the enemy
      • nadVin a wall 壁藏之 "hide in the wall" SHIJI, Rulinliezhuan
      城  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nwall (defending China against the barbarians etc)
      墉  yōng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • n1. high wall surrounding a house; 2. city wall
      牆垣  qiáng yuán OC: sɡaŋ ɢon MC: dzi̯ɐŋ ɦi̯ɐn 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPnonreferentialwalls
      牆壁  qiáng bì OC: sɡaŋ peeɡ MC: dzi̯ɐŋ pek 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPwall
      培  pǒu OC: bɯʔ MC: bu 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nback wall of a house
      堵  dǔ OC: k-laaʔ MC: tuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nunit of length for a wall
      版  bǎn OC: praanʔ MC: pɣan 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • npluralplanks to serve as a defensive wall
      蕭牆  xiāo qiáng OC: sɯɯw sɡaŋ MC: seu dzi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPLY 16.1: wall outside a large building preventing people from looking into the gates, also to prevent draft, according to ancient commentators. There are extensive commentaries on this, mostly speculative.
      胥餘  xū yú MC: sjo yo OC: sqa laCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPgarden wallCH
      環堵  huán dǔ MC: hwaen tuX OC: ɡʷraan k-laaʔCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPwalls round one's homeCH
      阫  péi MC: -- OC: --CH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nwallCH
      距闉  jù yīn MC: gjoX 'jin OC: -- qinDS 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPearth rampart built outside of the city walls in order to attack themDS
      埒  liè OC: rod MC: liɛt 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nrare: low surrounding wall of a garden or small irrigation dyke
      雉堞  zhì dié OC: diʔ leeb MC: ɖi dep 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPparapet; small protective wall

      Existing SW for

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