WHO  誰

WHAT HUMAN?
Hypernym
  • WHAT[GRAMMAR]
    • PRONOUNNOUN REPLACING ANOTHER NOUN. []
      • NAMESPEAK so as to REFER to something OR WORD USED for REFERRING to something.
        • WORDSOUND IMAGE of a CONCEPT. (Leibniz, Couturat p. 432)...
Hyponym
  • WHOSE　OF WHO? [GRAMMAR]
    • WHOM　WHAT OBJECT PERSON? [GRAMMAR]NB: MOVE ALL WHO MARKED SEMANTICALLY FOR OBJ.
      Modern Chinese Criteria
      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING

      • 古汉语时间范畴词典 ( WANG HAIFEN 2001) p. 1ff

      • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 215

        誰，孰:

        1. When referring to humans, WL claims these are synonymous. This is not so for many interesting reasons. In 追我者誰也？they are certainly not interchangeable, shu2 孰 not being able to function predicatively.

        2. Much more importantly, the two are not interchangeable in the following, where the pronoun shu2 孰 creates a comparative context in a way that she2i 誰 does not. Indeed, this is the basis semantic difference between the words:

        HF 08.07:02; jiaoshi 707; jishi 123; jiaozhu 67; shiping 339

        孰疏孰親？ who then is distant, who close?

        3. Only she2i 誰 can be followed by zhi1 之, where it is by no means always clear how "personal" or "personified" the subject is, although WL are right, of course, that in general the reference is human or personified:

        LAO 4

        吾不知誰之子， One does not know not whose son it is.

        4. Note that in the following the two question particles are not at all interchangeable. 誰好學 "who likes study" is not the same as 孰好學 "who is most fond of study":

        LY 06.03; tr. CH

        「弟子孰為好學？」 "Of the disciples, which one is most eager to study?"

      • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 598

      Words

      誰  shuí OC: ɡljul MC: dʑi 68 AttributionsWD

        Syntactic words
      • nprowho (on earth)CH
      • npro+V.postVtindirect-speechwho
      • npro.adNwhose 誰家，誰之過
      • npro.post-Nwho of the Ns
      • npro.postVtwho 為誰
      • npro.postVt:adV[0]whomCH
      • npro{SUBJ}+V{PRED}expected answer: no!who? i.e. no one!
      • npro{SUBJ}+V{PRED}reference=subjectsubject question word: who
      • npro{SUBJ}+V{PRED}rhetorical questionwho?
      • v>nproabpredicate不知其誰 “did not know who thaat was": predicate noun question word: who
      • viknow who is who
      • vpropredicatewhoever? i.e. no one! 非x而誰？
      孰  shú OC: djɯwɡ MC: dʑuk 62 AttributionsWD

        Syntactic words
      • nproquestionwho among them?, which one?; (contrastive) who?
      • nprorhetoricalwho (on earth)CH
      • npro{OBJ}+Vtexpected answer: no!whom?
      • npro{SUBJ}+V{PRED}non-contrastivewho? (non-contrastive, i. e. not: "which of these listed possible subjects") but typically: whoever? what kind of person?
      • npro{SUBJ}+V{PRED}rhetorical questionwhoever?　i.e. no one
      • npro{SUBJ}+V{PRED}V=compwho is the more V
      其誰  qí shuí OC: ɡɯ ɡljul MC: gɨ dʑi 33 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho (among the relevant people)?
      • NPpro.post-N晉大夫其誰先亡 "who of the dignitaries of Jin will perish first?": who from among the NCH
      • NPpro.post-Nrhetorical questionwhoever of the N?CH
      • NPpro.postNpredicative怒者其誰 "who/what is it that blows?": is who or what?, who is there?CH
      • NPprorhetorical question其誰堪之"who would e able to bear it": who? i.e. no one!
      何為者  hé wéi zhě OC: ɡlaal ɢʷal kljaʔ MC: ɦɑ ɦiɛ tɕɣɛ 16 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho?
      • NPpro{PRED}be who?
      何人  hé rén OC: ɡlaal njin MC: ɦɑ ȵin 14 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPobjectwhich person > who
      • NPprosubjectwho 史記：何人可使
      • NP{PRED}pronominalbe what kind of person? be who?
      其孰  qí shú OC: ɡɯ djɯwɡ MC: gɨ dʑuk 14 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprorhetorical questionwho of the relevant people> who? i.e. no one!　非x其孰， 天下其孰
      阿誰  ā shuí OC: qlaal ɡljul MC: ʔɑ dʑi 10 AttributionsWD
      • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 126, 128, 209-210

        Early examples in SANGUOZHI. The colloquial interrogative pronoun is frequently used in the dialogues of ZTJ.

        Syntactic words
      • NPpro.adNwhose
      • NPpro.postVtwhom
      • NPprosubjectwho (in subject position)
      • NPpro{PRED}who?
      • VPipredicativewho is it? (could maybe also be interpreted as NPpro with deleted verb)
      何  hé OC: ɡlaal MC: ɦɑ 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • npro+V{PRED}
      • npro.adNquestionwhich N?
      • npro{PRED}who is it; who was it?; who could it be?
      • npro{whose}whoseCH
      夫誰  fú shuí OC: ba ɡljul MC: bi̯o dʑi 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprosubjectwho?
      什摩人  shí mó rén OC: ɡjub maal njin MC: dʑip mʷɑ ȵin 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadNpronominalwhose
      • NPobjectwhat person > whom
      阿那個  ā nǎ gè OC: qlaal naalʔ kaals MC: ʔɑ nɑ kɑ 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowhich one?, who?
      疇  chóu OC: du MC: ɖɨu 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nprorhetorical questionwho?
      夫孰  fú shú OC: ba djɯwɡ MC: bi̯o dʑuk 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro.adVrhetorical questionrhetorical question: who?
      • NPpro.adVV=compwho (of the explicit or implicit topics) is more V
      誰人  shuí rén OC: ɡljul njin MC: dʑi ȵin 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho?
      • NPpro.adNwhose
      誰何  shuí hé OC: ɡljul ɡlaal MC: dʑi ɦɑ 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprosubjectwho?
      • NPpro{PRED}who?
      誰當  shuí dāng OC: ɡljul taaŋ MC: dʑi tɑŋ 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprorhetorical questionwho (i.e. no one!)
      • NPprosubjectwho?
      誰其  shuí qí OC: ɡljul ɡɯ MC: dʑi gɨ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprosubjectwho? (but note that the modal force of 其 is mostly present!!)
      誰子  shuí zǐ OC: ɡljul sklɯʔ MC: dʑi tsɨ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadNpronominalwhose
      • NP{PRED}pronominalwho
      奚為者  xī wéi zhě OC: ɡee ɢʷal kljaʔ MC: ɦei ɦiɛ tɕɣɛ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NP{PRED}pronominalwho
      儔  chóu OC: du MC: ɖɨu 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • npro+V{PRED}who
      庸  yōng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nproexpected answer: no!who? i.e. no one
      胡  hú OC: ɡaa MC: ɦuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprosubjectwho? Cao Cao: 胡肯 "who is willing?"
      何者  hé zhě OC: ɡlaal kljaʔ MC: ɦɑ tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho?
      • NPpro{PRED}+N{SUBJ}who?
      孰者  shú zhě OC: djɯwɡ kljaʔ MC: dʑuk tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprosubjectwhich one
      孰誰  shú shuí OC: djɯwɡ ɡljul MC: dʑuk dʑi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro{PRED}who?
      誰之  shuí zhī OC: ɡljul kljɯ MC: dʑi tɕɨ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadNpronominalwhose
      誰家  shuí jiā OC: ɡljul kraa MC: dʑi kɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPadNpronominalwhose
      • NPprowho? 全唐詩
      誰有  shuí yǒu OC: ɡljul ɢʷɯʔ MC: dʑi ɦɨu 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho
      什麼人  shí mǒ rén OC: ɡjub maalʔ njin MC: dʑip mʷɑ ȵin 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro.adVcolloquialwhich person > who
      何謂者  hé wèi zhě OC: ɡlaal ɢuds kljaʔ MC: ɦɑ ɦɨi tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro{PRED}who?
      曷為者  hé wéi zhě OC: ɡaad ɢʷal kljaʔ MC: ɦɑt ɦiɛ tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro{PRED}who?
      曷  hé MC: hat OC: ɡaadCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • npro{OBJECT} Vtobject=huwhoCH
      他誰  tā shuí OC: lʰaal ɡljul MC: thɑ dʑi 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho?
      伊何  yī hé OC: qlil ɡlaal MC: ʔi ɦɑ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro{PRED}who Tao Yuanming 哲人伊何
      何誰  hé shuí OC: ɡlaal ɡljul MC: ɦɑ dʑi 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprosubjectwho? 晉書：何誰最不肖也。
      • NPpro{PRED}who? 文選：此何誰？；　吳越春秋：為何誰
      兀誰  wù shuí OC: ŋɡluud ɡljul MC: ŋuot dʑi 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho
      誰  shuí OC: ɡljul MC: dʑi 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho？ TT: 啊誰要你夫妻？
      • NPpro{PRED}who? 晉書：小人啊誰？
      人  rén OC: njin MC: ȵin 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho? Dunhuang Bianwen
      若個  ruò gè OC: njaɡ kaals MC: ȵi̯ɐk kɑ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprosubjectwho? 全唐詩
      誰個  shuí gè OC: ɡljul kaals MC: dʑi kɑ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprosubjectwho? Shuihuzhuan
      誰者  shuí zhě OC: ɡljul kljaʔ MC: dʑi tɕɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprosubjectwho
      那個  nà gè OC: naals kaals MC: nɑ kɑ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho?
      何如者  hé rú zhě OC: ɡlaal nja kljaʔ MC: ɦɑ ȵi̯ɤ tɕɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro{PRED}who?
      何物人  hé wù rén OC: ɡlaal mɯd njin MC: ɦɑ mi̯ut ȵin 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro{PRED}who? 世說新語: 是何物人？
      何等人  hé děng rén OC: ɡlaal k-lɯɯŋʔ njin MC: ɦɑ təŋ ȵin 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro{PRED}be who? 搜神記：汝何等人；　also with copula: 房主是何等人？
      曷為者  hé wéi zhě OC: ɡaad ɢʷal kljaʔ MC: ɦɑt ɦiɛ tɕɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho?
      麼人  mǒ rén OC: maalʔ njin MC: mʷɑ ȵin 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowho? Yuan Dynasty, 元曲
      誰何人  shuí hé rén OC: ɡljul ɡlaal njin MC: dʑi ɦɑ ȵin 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpro{PRED}who? Liaozhai
      誰家子  shuí jiā zǐ OC: ɡljul kraa sklɯʔ MC: dʑi kɣɛ tsɨ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpronominalwho? 全唐詩
      誰氏子  shuí shì zǐ OC: ɡljul ɡjeʔ sklɯʔ MC: dʑi dʑiɛ tsɨ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPpronominalwho 宋史
      那一個  nǎ yī gè OC: naalʔ qliɡ kaals MC: nɑ ʔit kɑ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPprowhich one?
        Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • npro{OBJECT} Vtobject=huwhoCH

      Existing SW for

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