WORD    詞

SOUND IMAGE of a CONCEPT. (Leibniz, Couturat p. 432)
TERMNAMEEXPRESSIONDESIGNATIONLOCUTIONVOCABLEFORMAL APPELLATION
Old Chinese Criteria
Note that 辭也 "This is a grammatical particle" is sometimes written 詞也, but never 字也. At this point, the classical Chinese commentators do make something like a distinction between character and word. The matter deserves detailed attention. 1. On the relatively rare occasions when words rather than characters are referred to, the current general term to use is yán 言. Note that the definition of the word is notiously problematic for classical as well as for modern Chinese - as indeed it is for English. A typical illustration for the problem is a modern Chinese word like 合身 "fitting" which does invite categorisation as a word, but which is comfortably expanded into 合我的身 "fits my body", in which the grammatical relation between 合 and 身 remains the same, but where it becomes clear that the construction is not only syntactic but even syntactically productive. Cases of this kind are so many that one needs to find a systematic way of accounting for them in Chinese, and in this connection it is remarkable that in their very long history of reflection on their own language the Chinese never came anywhere near to inventing a notion of a "word". YANG QINGHUI 1995 gives a convenient but analytically unreliable survey of such phenomena for beginning students of modern Chinese.
Modern Chinese Criteria
詞 單詞 字眼 字 單字 詞語 用語 辭藻 辭 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • NAME　SPEAK so as to REFER to something OR WORD USED for REFERRING to something. (anc: 12/0, child: 5)
  • PARTICLE　A WORD that NOT VERBAL AND NOT NOMINAL. [NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 12/0, child: 24)
  • GRAMMATICAL SUBJECT　WORD which EXPRESSES of WHAT the REST of a SENTENCE SPEAKS. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
  • ADJECTIVE　 (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
  • METAPHOR　WORD OR STORY which ONLY COMPARES in order to MEAN. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
  • SLOGAN　SHORT WORDS>EXPRESSION CONSTANTLY USED BY A MOVEMENT in SUPPORT of an IDEOLOGY. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
  • NOUN　WORD WHICH TYPICALLY REFERS TO AN OBJECT. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
See also
  • DICTIONARYDOCUMENT which SYSTEMATICALLY EXPLAINS the WORDS of a LANGUAGE.
  • SYMBOLARTEFACT USED FOR REFERRING to something INTENSELY DIFFERENT from that ARTEFACT.
  • CONCEPTABSTRACT DEFINED IDEA of OBJECTS of THOUGHT.
  • MEANIDEA insofar as SHOWN:expressed OR INTENDED.
Hypernym
  • SOUND　WHAT CAN be HEARD. (anc: 10/0, child: 7)
  • HEAR　PERCEIVE SOUND. (anc: 9/0, child: 1)
  • PERCEIVE　BECOME AWARE of BECAUSE one INTERACTS WITH. (anc: 8/0, child: 7)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 18.26

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 830

    MOT

  • On defining "word" ( HIORTH 1958) p.

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.761

  • 現代漢語離合詞用法詞典 ( YANG QINGHUI 1995) p.

  • Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.241:166

    MOT.TERME

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.117.84

    MOT.TERME.EXPRESSION

    • Words (7 items)

    言  yán OC: ŋan MC: ŋi̯ɐn 13 Attributions

    On the relatively rare occasions when words rather than characters are referred to, the current general term to use is yán 言.

      Word relations
    • Object: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.

      Syntactic words
    • nword; words
    • n(post-N)one's wordsCH
    • nadVby the use of words, with wordsCH
    • ncountedword; characterCH
    • nnonreferentialplural: words, concrete expressions; specifically: the words in literary worksCH
    辭  cí OC: zɯ MC: zɨ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nccword; particle
    語  yǔ OC: ŋaʔ MC: ŋi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nword 一語
    名  míng OC: meŋ MC: miɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nword
    文  wén MC: mjun OC: mɯn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabtextexpression, word, way of writingCH
    為名  wéi míng MC: hjweH mjieng OC: ɢʷal meŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpost-N.adSN being such kind of expression that SLZ
    聲  shēng OC: qjeŋ MC: ɕiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabtextnews