FLAT  平坦的平／夷

SURFACE which is the SAME in HEIGHT EVERYWHERE.
LEVELHORIZONTALSMOOTHEVENUNIFORMREGULARPLANE
Antonym
  • STEEPINTENSELY SLANTED so as to be DIFFICULT TO ASCEND OR DESCEND on it.
    Hypernym
    • SURFACE[MATHEMATICS]
      • SHAPEAPPEARANCE of the PLACE something is in, as PERCEIVED by the EYES, DISREGARDING the SUBJECTIVITY of the APPEARANCE.
        • APPEARANCECLEAR:visible BUT SUBJECTIVELY PERCEIVED FEATURES.
          • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE....
    Hyponym
    • SMOOTH　FLAT AND LACKING SUDDEN HIGH OR LOW PARTS.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The general word for flatness of any kind is píng 平 (ant. qīng 傾 "slanted downwards on one side" and perhaps xié 斜 "sloping") and it refers to anything which is horizontal and lacks inclination.

      2. Yí 夷 (ant. xiǎn 險 "precarious or difficult of access (of terrain)" and yì 易 mostly refers to terrain and its accessibility through lack of geographical impediments.

      3. Tǎn 坦 (dǒu 陡 "steep") has no special pragmatic connotations and simply refers to the objective property of a an area without noticeable elevations.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      平坦

      坦平

      平緩

      坦緩

      坦 Ea

      平 Ea

      平滑

      平正

      平整

      平展

      平易

      平衍

      溜平

      坦蕩

      一馬平川

      水平如鏡

      江平如練

      水波不興

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 983

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 12.71

      • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 345

      Words

      平  píng OC: breŋ MC: bɣaŋ 18 AttributionsWD

      The general word for flatness of any kind is píng 平 (ant. qīng 傾 "slanted downwards on one side" and perhaps xié 斜 "sloping") and it refers to anything which is horizontal and lacks inclination.

        Syntactic words
      • nlevel ground
      • vadNlevel (ground)
      • vadNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
      • vi2be level, be at the same levelLZ
      • vigradedbe level; be flat; be not too steep
      • vpostadVso that it becomes all flat
      • vtoNcausativecause to be flat; flatten; to level
      夷  yí OC: li MC: ji 5 AttributionsWD

      Yí 夷 (ant. xiǎn 險 "precarious or difficult of access (of terrain)" and yì 易 mostly refers to terrain and its accessibility through lack of geographical impediments.

        Word relations
      • Ant: 險/INACCESSIBLE The standard word for inaccessible difficult territory is xiǎn 險.

        Syntactic words
      • vadNeven; flat
      • viphysically: be even; be not too steep
      • vtoNget levelled outCH
      平正  píng zhèng OC: breŋ tjeŋs MC: bɣaŋ tɕiɛŋ 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe flat
      • VPt(oN)causativecause to be even and flat
      易  yì OC: leeɡs MC: jiɛ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadNeasy and flat (terrain)
      • vi(of terrain) be level, be plainCH
      • vtoNcausativeflattenLZ
      踧  dí OC: ɡ-lɯɯwɡ MC: dek 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vibe even and smoot (a road) (SHI)
      坦  tǎn OC: thaanʔ MC: thɑn 0 AttributionsWD

      Tǎn 坦(dǒu 陡 "steep") has no special pragmatic connotations and simply refers to the objective property of a an area without noticeable elevations.

        Syntactic words
      • vadNplane, without elevations or mountains; level
      • vibe level
      幵  jiān OC: keen MC: ken 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadNlevel; even (SHUOWEN)
      齊  qí OC: dziil MC: dzei 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vieven
      • vtoNcausativemake even; array evenly

      Existing SW for

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