SEEM  似乎

BE in APPEARANCE ONLY.
APPEAR (TO BE)HAVE THE APPEARANCE/AIR OF BEINGGIVE THE IMPRESSION OF BEINGLOOKLOOK AS THOUGH ONE ISSHOW SIGNS OF BEINGLOOK TO BECOME ACROSS ASSTRIKE SOMEONE ASSOUND
Hypernym
  • COPULARELATION between a CATEGORY AND THINGS of that CATEGORY.
    • RELATIONFEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER.
      • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE.
        • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
See also
  • RESEMBLESAME in SOME FEATURES WHEREAS DIFFERENT in OTHER FEATURES.
    Old Chinese Criteria
    1. Sì 似 "apparently" always refers quite generally and colourlessly to things that are apparently only and not really what they seem to be, but the word also means "as if".

    [GENERAL]

    2. Míng 名 "in name and public appearance (only)" (ant. shí 實 "in reality") is the most current and refers to a mere superficial facade created by public behaviour.

    [DELIBERATE]

    3. Xíng 形 "shape" is occasionally used figuratively to refer to things being so only in physical appearance but not in underlying reality.

    [EXTERNAL], [SUBJECTIVE]

    4. Ruò 若 is sometimes used in ways that tempt us to subsume it into this synonym group, and one is tempted to translate the troublesome usage by the suitably vague English "as it were". This still needs detailed investigation.

    [METALINGUISTIC], [SUBJECTIVE]

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    好像 is the current modern word for "as if".

    好似 is a more formal word for to "seem".

    有如 (lit) refers to an apparence.

    猶如 is "as if"

    猶之乎 (lit) is "as if"

    恍如 (lit, obs) is "as if"

    恍若 (lit, obs) is "as if"

    不啻 (rare) is occasionally used with verbs of seeming.

    像

    宛

    似

    如

    猶

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 437; 1289

    • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 17.18

    • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

      SEEM

      apparere is to seem or to appear.

      eminere is to force itself on the observer's attention

    • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 8.1230

      SCHEIN

    • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.183

    • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.185

    Words

    若  ruò OC: njaɡ MC: ȵi̯ɐk 10 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]appear to, seem to V
    • vt0+SZUO: it seems that S
    • vtoNlook like大智若拙“superior wisdom looks like obtuseness": look like, superficially appears to beCH
    似  sì OC: sɢlɯʔ MC: zɨ 8 AttributionsWD

    Sì 似 "apparently" always refers quite generally and colourlessly to things that are apparent only and not real, but the word also means "as if". [GENERAL]

      Syntactic words
    • vadVapparentlyCH
    • vt+Sgive an impression that S; seem to indicate that S
    • vt+V[0]seem to V 似是而非 "be apparently this but not really it"
    名  míng OC: meŋ MC: miɛŋ 7 AttributionsWD

    Míng 名 "in name and public appearance (only(" (ant. shí 實 "in reality") is the most current and refers to a mere superficial facade created by public behaviour. [DELIBERATE]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 實/REALITY The current word referring to reality is shí 實 (ant. xū 虛 "pretended reality"), but the word acquired this meaning rather late (meaning "object" in earlier texts).

      Syntactic words
    • nab.adVfor the sake of appearances; on the face of it; in name only
    • nabmetaphysicalname and appearance; appearance; appearances
    類  lèi MC: lwijH OC: rudsCH 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt V[0]seem to V, merely appear to VCH
    殆  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vadN{PRED}apparently, by all appearancesCH
    • vadVby all appearances, seemingly, apparently
    幾乎  jī hū MC: kj+j hu OC: kɯl ɢaaCH 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • PPadSapparentlyCH
    概乎  gài hū MC: kojH hu OC: kɯɯds ɢaaCH 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadSIt would appear that SCH
    形  xíng OC: ɡeeŋ MC: ɦeŋ 0 AttributionsWD

    Xíng 形 "shape" is occasionally used figuratively to refer to things being so only in physical appearance but not in underlying reality. [EXTERNAL], [SUBJECTIVE]

      Syntactic words
    • nab.adVby all appearances, apparently
    僾然  ài rán OC: qɯɯds njen MC: ʔəi ȵiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • PPadVSHUOWEN: apparently
    彷髴  fǎng fú OC: phaŋʔ phɯd MC: phi̯ɐŋ phi̯ut 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vvadVapparently

    Existing SW for

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