DIRECTION    方向

RELATION to OTHER PLACES.
DIMENSION
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general term for direction as defining a part of space is fāng 方. 2. Xiāng 鄉 refers to a direction as seen from a subject. 3. Dōng 東 "east", nán 南 "south", xī 西 "west", běi 北 are the major directions. 4. Yáng 陽 refers to the area north of a river and south of a mountain. 5. Yīn 陰 refers to the area south of a river and north of a mountain.
Modern Chinese Criteria
方向 方位 方面 方 向 動向 走向 去向 流向 航向 風向 潮向 山向 refers to the direction a tomb faces. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • HORIZONTAL　DIRECTION WHICH IS NOT UP AND NOT DOWN. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • VERTICAL　DIRECTION TOP/BOTTOM, OR NORTH/SOUTH. [THESE SHOULD SURELY BE SEPARATED!!!] (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • BACKWARDS　In the DIRECTION of BEHIND ONESELF. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • FORWARD　TOWARDS IN-FRONT of ONESELF. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • UPWARD　DIRECTED TO A HIGHER PLACE (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • DOWNWARDS　DIRECTED TOWARDS A LOWER PLACE. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 378ff

    • Words (31 items)

    東  dōng OC: tooŋ MC: tuŋ 38 Attributions

    Dōng 東 "east", nán 南 "south", xī 西 "west", běi 北 are the major directions.

      Syntactic words
    • n(post-N.)adVCH
    • n[post-N]to the east of oneCH
    • nadNeastern
    • nadNtowards the direction of the eastCH
    • nadVdirectionto the east, eastwards
    • nplaceeast
    • npost-Nplacethe eastern part or side of something, to the east of something
    • n{PLACE}adVon the eastern side, in the eastern part of something; in the east [can perhaps also be taken as a nominal topic in many cases]
    • viinchoativemove towards the east
    • vtoNturn (one's head) towards the east)
    • vtoNiussiveorder to go to the east
    西  xī OC: sqɯɯl MC: sei 31 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 東/DIRECTION Dōng 東 "east", nán 南 "south", xī 西 "west", běi 北 are the major directions.

      Syntactic words
    • n[post-N.]adVto the west of oneCH
    • nadNwestern
    • nadNtowards the direction of the westCH
    • nadVtowards the west, in the western directionCH
    • nadVfromfrom the west
    • nplacewest
    • n{PLACE}adVtowards the west; on the western side, in the western part
    • vigo westwards, travel in the western direction
    南  nán OC: noom MC: nəm 27 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nadNsouthern 南方
    • nadVin the south; towards the south; from the south
    • nplacesouth
    • n{OBJ}+Vtthe north
    • viactmove southwards
    左  zuǒ OC: skaalʔ MC: tsɑ 22 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nthe left side
    • npost-Nthe left hand side of NCH
    • vadNleft
    • vadVwith the left hand; on the left side
    • vadVtowards lefttowards the left
    • viactsteer left; turn left; keep to the left
    • vtoNhave on one's left-hand side, as an advisorCH
    • vtoNcausativeput on the left; place on the left-hand side
    北  běi OC: pɯɯɡ MC: pək 21 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nadNnorthern
    • nadVin the north; from the north; towards the north, northwards 北面
    • nplacenorth
    • npost-Npostpositionto the north of N; in the northern part of NDS
    • viactmove northwards
    鄉  xiāng OC: qhaŋ MC: hi̯ɐŋ 20 Attributions

    Xiāng 鄉 refers to a direction as seen from a subject.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 背/SPINE The general term for the back of a person or an animal is bèi 背.

      Syntactic words
    • nabplacedirection
    • viactface in the direction of; go in the direction of (the direction is placed in adverbial position)
    • vt+prep+Nface in the direction of NLZ
    • vt[oN]be face to face with a personLZ
    • vtoNface in the direction of
    • vtoN.adVfacing in the direction N to V
    右  yòu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 20 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nthe right sideDS
    • npost-Nto the right of N
    • npost-Nthe right side of NCH
    • vadNright
    • vadV(occasionally) with one's right hand
    • vadVtowards the rightTWH
    • viactsteer towards the right, move towards the right
    • vtoNhave on one's right-hand side, as an advisorCH
    • vtoNcausativeput on the right
    東西南北  dōng xī nán běi OC: tooŋ sqɯɯl noom pɯɯɡ MC: tuŋ sei nəm pək 15 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVthe directions; in all directions
    面  miàn MC: mjienH OC: mens 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.post-Vface in the direction indicated by V /really V?/CH
    向  xiàng OC: qhaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ 9 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhave direction, orientation
    • vt[0]oN.postadVdirectional preposition: to V towards N
    • vtoNdirect oneself towards > focus on; pay attention to
    • vtoN.adVturning or facing towards, to
    • vtoN.adVfigurative(with abstract objects): (turn one's attention) towards
    • vtoN.adVreflexive.自facing (oneself)
    陽  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 8 Attributions

    Yáng 陽 refers to the area north of a river and south of a mountain.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 陰/DIRECTION Yīn 陰 refers to the area south of a river and north of a mountain.

      Syntactic words
    • nadN(the state of Wèi) in the south
    • npost-Nplacenorth; north of a river; south of a mountain
    陰  yīn OC: qrɯm MC: ʔim 5 Attributions

    Yīn 陰 refers to the area south of a river and north of a mountain.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 陽/DIRECTION Yáng 陽 refers to the area north of a river and south of a mountain.

      Syntactic words
    • nadN(the state of Yān) which is in the north
    • nplacesouth; south of a river, north of a mountain, north of a city wall
    方  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions

    The general term for direction as a part of space is fāng 方.

      Syntactic words
    • ndirection
    • nabfigurativethe right (moral etc.) directionLZ
    西北  xī běi OC: sqɯɯl pɯɯɡ MC: sei pək 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnorth-west
    • NPadNnorth-westernDS
    • NPadVto the north-west, in the direction of north-west
    西南  xī nán OC: sqɯɯl noom MC: sei nəm 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPsouth-west
    南方  nán fāng OC: noom paŋ MC: nəm pi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]one from the south > Southener, person of southern origin
    • NPadSin the South
    • NPadVin the south
    當  dāng OC: taaŋ MC: tɑŋ 2 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNface towards
    • vtoN.adVV facing NDS
    西方  xī fāng MC: sej pjang OC: sqɯɯl paŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSin the WestLZ
    八方  bā fāng MC: peat pjang OC: preed paŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adNeight directionsCW
    下來  xià lái OC: ɢraas m-rɯɯ MC: ɦɣɛ ləi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVdirectioncomplex verbal complement indicating a downwards movement which at the same time is directed towards the speaker 跳下來 come jumping down (towards the speaker)
    六極  liù jí MC: ljuwk gik OC: ɡ-ruɡ ɡɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.adNsix extremes, six poles, six directionsCW
    東南  dōng nán OC: tooŋ noom MC: tuŋ nəm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsouth-east
    • NPadVin a south-easterly direction
    對  duì OC: k-luubs MC: tuo̝i 1 Attribution

      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.adVfacing towards > face to face with
    • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: face in a direction
    指  zhǐ MC: tsyijX OC: kjiʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nab(where one points to>) directionLZ
    望  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ
    望  (wáng) OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNstativeface towards, be close to
    四方  sì fāng MC: sijH pjang OC: plids paŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPthe lands in the Four Directions; the Four DirectionsCH
    八達  bā dá OC: preed daad MC: pɣɛt dɑt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabspaceall directions (see also 八方 "the eight directions")
    表  biǎo OC: prawʔ MC: piɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nccdirection 八表
    扶桑  fū sāng OC: pa saaŋ MC: pi̯o sɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPprplacethe Far East where the sun rises
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.post-Vface in the direction indicated by VCH
    朔  shuò OC: sqrooɡ MC: ʂɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npost-N{PLACE}north of Npl