WALL    牆壁

SLIM, AND TYPICALLY HIGH VERTICAL PART of a BUILDING, TYPICALLY SURROUNDING a ROOM, OR USED FOR SHOWING a BOUNDARY OR PROTECTING a PLACE INSIDE.
BARRIERPARTITIONENCLOSURESCREENPANELDIVIDERBULKHEAD
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 ARCHITECTURE 13. 牆，最早是木骨泥牆，後多用夯土或土坯製成土牆，明代始有磚牆。 垣，環繞居舍的矮牆。 牆，獨立外牆的總稱。 壁，建築物的內牆。 墉，宮室的北牆。堵，一段牆。
Modern Chinese Criteria
牆壁 牆 壁 垣 堵 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CITY WALL　FORTIFYING WALL ENCIRCLING a CITY. (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
  • SCREEN　THIN WALL which CAN be MOVED, OR WALL WHICH is USED to BLOCK the WIND OR LOOKING. (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • Not defined　 (anc: 2/0, child: 203)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • 　 (anc: 0/0, child: 0)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 7.27

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    WALL

    murus refers to any sort of wall, merely with reference to its form, without reference to its use.

    paries refers specifically to the outer walls in a house, or the walls within a house.

    moenia refers to the city walls, used as a defense against an enemy.

    munimenta refers to the system of walls in a fortress.

    maceria is the outer wall of a compound to mark the boundaries and to exclude thieves, and the word may refer to a garden wall.

    parietina is a wall that has crumbled and lies in ruins.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 48

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 192

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.380

    • Words (18 items)

    牆  qiáng OC: sɡaŋ MC: dzi̯ɐŋ
    牆  qiáng OC: sɡaŋ MC: dzi̯ɐŋ 17 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nnonreferentialany wall of any kind
    • nspecificalso墻：high wall round a house or in a house; wall between the buildings belonging to one single compound cf. 宮牆,宮墻
    • vibuild a wall, establish a partition/wallCH
    • vtoNbuild a wall around
    城郭  chéng guō OC: djeŋ kʷaaɡ MC: dʑiɛŋ kɑk 15 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPdefinitecity walls of all kinds
    • NPnonreferentialcity walls of all kinds; outer or inner city walls
    垣  yuán OC: ɢon MC: ɦi̯ɐn 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nlittle wall surrounding a garden, field or large dwelling, enclosure
    壁  bì OC: peeɡ MC: pek 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nthe outer four walls defining a house; in military strategy: a temporary wall or blockade erected as a defense against the enemy
    • nadVin a wall 壁藏之 "hide in the wall" SHIJI, Rulinliezhuan
    牆垣  qiáng yuán OC: sɡaŋ ɢon MC: dzi̯ɐŋ ɦi̯ɐn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialwalls
    牆壁  qiáng bì OC: sɡaŋ peeɡ MC: dzi̯ɐŋ pek 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPwall
    城  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nwall (defending China against the barbarians etc)
    墉  yōng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • n1. high wall surrounding a house; 2. city wall
    阫  péi MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nwallCH
    蕭牆  xiāo qiáng OC: sɯɯw sɡaŋ MC: seu dzi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPLY 16.1: wall outside a large building preventing people from looking into the gates, also to prevent draft, according to ancient commentators. There are extensive commentaries on this, mostly speculative.
    胥餘  xū yú MC: sjo yo OC: sqa la 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPgarden wallCH
    距闉  jù yīn MC: gjoX 'jin OC: -- qin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPearth rampart built outside of the city walls in order to attack themDS
    培  pǒu OC: bɯʔ MC: bu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nback wall of a house
    堵  dǔ OC: k-laaʔ MC: tuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nunit of length for a wall
    版  bǎn OC: praanʔ MC: pɣan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • npluralplanks to serve as a defensive wall
    環堵  huán dǔ MC: hwaen tuX OC: ɡʷraan k-laaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPwalls round one's homeCH
    雉堞  zhì dié OC: diʔ leeb MC: ɖi dep 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPparapet; small protective wall
    埒  liè OC: rod MC: liɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nrare: low surrounding wall of a garden or small irrigation dyke