NEED 需要須
LACK AND be DISTRESSED BECAUSE of that.
REQUIREBE IN NEED OFHAVE NEED OFWANTBE CRYING OUT FORBE DESPERATE FORDEMANDCALL FORNECESSITATEENTAILINVOLVELACKBE WITHOUTBE SHORT OF
Antonym
- SUFFICIENTABUNDANT so as to PROVIDE what is NEEDED.
Hypernym
- LACKSITUATION OF NOT HAVING, OR NOT to BEING-IN the UNIVERSE.
Hyponym
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for needing something is xū 須, and this word does not refer to a general need, but only to a need for a certain purpose.
2. Bì 必 can refer to a logical or practical precondition for something.
3. Jí 急 (ant.* yǒu yú 有餘 "have more than enough") refers to a desperate state which can be said to be a state where one is in need of help and supplies.
4. Yòng 用 is sometimes used to refer not to the use of something but the need for it, especially in rhetorical questions.
2. Bì 必 can refer to a logical or practical precondition for something.
3. Jí 急 (ant.* yǒu yú 有餘 "have more than enough") refers to a desperate state which can be said to be a state where one is in need of help and supplies.
4. Yòng 用 is sometimes used to refer not to the use of something but the need for it, especially in rhetorical questions.
Modern Chinese Criteria
需要
需求
要求
求
需
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
需求
要求
求
需
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
9.93 - De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione
(
COMENIUS 1665)
p.
503 DEFECTUS necessarij alicujus absentia.
Detailed analysis.
EGERE necessariis destitui. Qvi ergo aliqvem egere dicit, tria dicit 1. qviquvid illi necessarium. 2. qvod ille not habet. 3. cujus sensu afficitur.
- Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
55B - Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe
(
KOSELLECK 1972-97)
p.
1.440-489 - Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
1.876 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
1.765 BEDUERFNIS
- Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
55B
Words
必 bì OC: piɡ MC: pit 29 AttributionsWD
Bì 必 can refer to a logical or practical precondition for something.
- Syntactic words
- v[adN]subjectwhat is necessary, what there is an urgent need for
- vt+NPab{S}it is definitely required that S; it is necessary that S
- vt+V[0]absolutely need to
- vtoNdefinitely need; feel the need for; have any real need for
急 jí OC: krɯb MC: kip 28 AttributionsWD
Jí 急 (ant.* yǒu yú 有餘 "have more than enough") refers to a desperate state which can be said to be a state where one is in need of help and supplies.
- Word relations
- Ant: 富/RICH
The general word for wealth is fù 富 (ant. pín 貧 "poor"), and the word has a remarkably wide range of syntactic roles. - Synon: 重/IMPORTANT
Zhòng 重 (ant. qīng 輕"of no consequence") focusses on what carries considerable weight in a certain context.
- Syntactic words
- nabstativeexigencies, urgent needs; urgent concerns
- vibe urgently needed, be of urgent importance
- vt+prep+Ngradedbe more urgently needed than
- vtoNstativeneed urgently; be preoccupied by the need of
須 xū OC: so MC: si̯o 21 AttributionsWD
The current general word for needing something is xū 須, and this word does not refer to a general need, but only to a need for a certain purpose.
- Syntactic words
- nwhat is needed > necessities
- vt(oN)need the contextually determinate object N
- vt+Npro{Q}.postVtneed to
- vt+prep+Nhave need for N
- vt+V[0]need to; it is necessary to
- vtoNZHUANG 13: require, need;
用 yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 7 AttributionsWD
Yòng 用 is sometimes used to refer not to the use of something but the need for it, especially in rhetorical questions.
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]usually negated: (no) need to V (useless to V)
- vt[0](oN1).adN2N2 which has use for the contextually determinate N1DS
- vtoNYI.XICI: have use for, need
必也 bì yě OC: piɡ lalʔ MC: pit jɣɛ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPtopicwhat is required, what is needed
待 dài OC: ɡ-lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNneed, depend on (many examples from RELY ON need to be moved here)
乏困 fá kùn OC: bob khuuns MC: bi̯ɐp khuo̝n 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralneeds
乏 fá OC: bob MC: bi̯ɐp 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabneeds
- v[adN]those who lack things > those who are in need > the needy
- vtoNstativeneed, be short of
當須 dāng xū OC: taaŋ so MC: tɑŋ si̯o 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]need to V (before being able to...)
- VPt0oN.+Sthere is a need for the situation N to happen, then S...
欲 yù OC: k-loɡ MC: ji̯ok 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]need to V; colloquial English "wants to V"
- vt[0]oNone needs N [attribute more of the examples!]CH
事須 shì xū OC: dzrɯs so MC: ɖʐɨ si̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNneed
應須 yīng xū OC: qɯŋ so MC: ʔɨŋ si̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNmust have, require, need
要須 yào xū OC: qews so MC: ʔiɛu si̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNneed
須要 xū yào OC: so qews MC: si̯o ʔiɛu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]require that, need
凍餧 dòng něi MC: tuwngH nwojX OC: tooŋs nuulʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPifeel cold and be hungryLZ
歉 qiàn OC: khleemʔ MC: khem
歉 qiǎn OC: khreemʔ MC: khɣɛm 0 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Syntactic words
- nabstativebad harvest> lack of means of sustenance
需 xū OC: sno MC: si̯o 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nobjecta thing needed
- vtoNpost-Han, LIUZI: : need (as men of talent);
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
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