CONCENTRATE    集中專

THINK of ONLY ONE THING.
FOCUS ONPAY ATTENTION TOKEEP ONE'S MIND ONDEVOTE ONESELF TOBE ABSORBED INBE ENGROSSED INBE IMMERSED INFOCUSDIRECTCENTERCENTRALIZE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for concentrating one's attention or one's actions in one direction is zhuān 專／摶. 2. Níng 凝 refers to the concentration of abstract or "metaphysical" substances. 3. Yī 一 and yī 壹 emphasise the uniqueness of what is being concentrated on. 4. Xíng 行 and fú 服 "devote oneself completely to" focusses on action rather than thought as the field of concentration. 5. Jī 積 emphasises the cumulative results of concentration.
Modern Chinese Criteria
集中 is the current modern word for concentration. FIND SYNONYMS. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ATTENTION　CONCENTRATE on a PERCEPTION OR PRESENT THOUGHT OR PRESENT OBJECT.  (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • MEDITATE　CONCENTRATE as a METHOD FOR CULTIVATING ONESELF. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
See also
  • MONOPOLISECONTROL AND NOT PERMIT OTHERS TO CONTROL.
Hypernym
  • THINK　ACT USING ONLY the MIND. (anc: 12/0, child: 12)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)

Words (55 items)

壹  yī OC: qid MC: ʔit 49 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • naboverall unity of purpose;　common aspiration; common overall single-minded commitmentCH
  • vadVwith concentrated deliberate effort, single-mindedlyCH
  • vibe single-minded; have a unified overall purpose; be well-focussedCH
  • vichangeto become concentrated; to concentrate; be concentrated on one note
  • vt+prep+Nconcentrate uniquely on NCH
  • vtoNfocus properly and single-mindedly on one NCH
  • vtoNcausativeconcentrate properly; focus on what is relevant 壹志 "concentrate the mind"
  • vttoN1.+N2make N1 focus entirely on N2CH
一  yī OC: qliɡ MC: ʔit 23 Attributions

Yī 一 and yī 壹 emphasise the uniqueness of what is being concentrated on.

    Word relations
  • Ant: 樸 / 樸/SIMPLE The current word for unadorned simplicity is pǔ 樸 (ant. lì 麗 "beautifully patterned").
  • Assoc: 專/CONCENTRATE The current word for concentrating one's attention or one's actions in one direction is zhuān 專／摶.

    Syntactic words
  • nabactconcentration and focus on one relevant thingLZ
  • vadNconcentrated; focussedCH
  • viactconcentrate on one thing; be single-minded; be well-focussed one thing
  • vtoNconcentrate uniquely on
  • vtoNconcentrate (one's mind etc)CH
  • vtoNimperativeconcentrate!
專  zhuān OC: tjon MC: tɕiɛn 11 Attributions

The current word for concentrating one's attention or one's actions in one direction is zhuān 專／摶.

    Word relations
  • Assoc: /
  • Assoc: 一/CONCENTRATE Yī 一 and yī 壹 emphasise the uniqueness of what is being concentrated on.

    Syntactic words
  • vadVin a focussed proper way
  • vt+prep+Nconcentrate on
  • vtoNconcentrate in one's hands (political power); monopolise;
  • vtoNcausativecause to be (properly) concentrated
  • vtoNN=topicconcentrate on, be especially concerned with
  • vtoNpassivebe concentrated
  • vttoN1.+prep+N2causativecause N1 to concentrate on N2
三昧  sān mèi OC: saam mɯɯds MC: sɑm muo̝i 10 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabpsychBUDDH: skr. samādhi; state of meditative absorption
定  dìng OC: teeŋs MC: teŋ 10 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • nabactmeditation
  • nabbuddhistBUDDH. concentration; this is the a translation of skr. samādhi; syn. to the phonetical transcription 三昧
  • nadN(teaching, etc.) of concentration
  • vtoNconcentrate (one's thoughts etc)
一心  yī xīn OC: qliɡ slɯm MC: ʔit sim 6 Attributions

Causing oneself to have a unified mind.

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the One Mind (which comprises everything); the notion of One Mind of the early Chán School is usually based on the discussion in QIXINLUN
  • NPadVwith one's whole heart > whole-heartedly, single-mindedly, (GERMAN von ganzer Seele, mit Herz und Seele)
獨  dú MC: duwk OC: dooɡ 6 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • nabactmoral concentration (XUN)LZ
  • vadVin a concentrated way (XUN)LZ
  • viactbe morally concentrated (XUN)LZ
  • vtoNto concentrate on N, to be completely morally concentrated on N (XUN)LZ
凝  níng OC: ŋɡɯŋ MC: ŋɨŋ 5 Attributions

Níng 凝 refers to the concentration of abstract or "metaphysical" substances.

    Syntactic words
  • vadVin a concentrated way
  • vibe concentrated, be consolidatedLZ
  • vt+prep+Ncausativegive a stable focus toCH
  • vt[oN]concentrate one's mind ZHUANG[congealed with cold][CA]
  • vtoNconcentrate one's mind on
  • vtoNcausativeconcentrate, make concentrated, consolidateCH
志  zhì OC: kljɯs MC: tɕɨ 5 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • nab(post-N)concentration of the contextually determinate personDS
  • vtoNconcentrate on; focus on
服  fú OC: bɯɡ MC: buk 5 Attributions

Xíng 行and fú 服 "devote oneself completely to" focusses on action rather than thought as the field of concentration.

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNdevote oneself to, be preoccupied by
見  jiàn OC: keens MC: ken 4 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNfocus on, pay attention to
處  chǔ OC: khljaʔ MC: tɕhi̯ɤ 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNorientate oneself towards, feel at home in (in transferred sense); take one's stand in; practise or exercise (a virtue); settle for
寂  jì OC: sɡlɯɯwɡ MC: dzek 3 Attributions

jì jìng

    Syntactic words
  • VPiactBUDDH: engage in quiet contemplation/meditation [mod. CH]
攝  shè OC: qhljeb MC: ɕiɛp 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vt[oN]be attentive [to one's duty]
  • vtoNfocus (one's mind); concentrate on
止觀  zhǐ guān OC: kljɯʔ koon MC: tɕɨ kʷɑn 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabpsycharrested>focussed observation> spiritual concentration as a Buddhist method of self-cultivation
留意  liú yì MC: ljuw 'iH OC: b-ru qɯɡs 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNconcentrate and reflect onIH
并一  bìng yī MC: pjiengH 'jit OC: peŋs qliɡ 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPiactconcentrate on one thing; be single-mindedLZ
不二  bù èr MC: pjut nyijH OC: pɯʔ njis 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPinot get distracted, be concentratedLZ
無相三昧  wú xiàng sān mèi OC: ma sqaŋs saam mɯɯds MC: mi̯o si̯ɐŋ sɑm muo̝i 2 Attributions
  • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 1338d

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: kind of meditative absorption: samādhi of no-mark, formless samādhi (this refers to a state of concentration where all differences of forms/features typical for constituents of extistence are transcended); skr. animitthaḥ-cetaḥ-samādhiḥ
一行三昧  yī xíng sān mèi OC: qliɡ ɢraaŋ saam mɯɯds MC: ʔit ɦɣaŋ sɑm muo̝i 2 Attributions
  • Ichigyō zammai shikō [Extensive Study of the Term One-practice Samādhi] 禪學研究 Zengaku kenkyū ( KOBAYASHI 1961) p.

  • 楞伽師資記 Léngqié shīzī jì Record on the Masters and Disciples of the Lañkāvatāra Taishō ( LENGQIE SHIZI JI) p. 1286c25-26

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: One-Practice samādhi (in LENGQIE SHIZI JI defined as 'fixing one's awareness on ultimate reality; related to the term yīxiàng 一相)
安住  ān zhù OC: qaan dos MC: ʔɑn ɖi̯o 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPiresultativefind complete peace of mind
  • VPtoNresultativeBUDDH: constantly maintain, remain focussed on; continue to concentrate on
積  jī OC: skleɡ MC: tsiɛk 2 Attributions

Jī 積 emphasises the cumulative results of concentration.

    Syntactic words
  • vtoNconcentrate (strength or effort) on
風輪奮迅三昧  fēng lún fèn xùn sān sān OC: plum ɡ-run pɯns sɯns saam mɯɯds MC: puŋ lʷin pi̯un sʷin sɑm muo̝i 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: kind of samādhi (see 風三昧) (this samādhi mentioned in the text is probably a mix up of fēngfènxùn sānmèi 風奮迅三昧 and fēnglún sānmèi 風輪三昧)
風奮迅三昧  fēng fèn xùn sān mèi mèi OC: plum pɯns sɯns saam mɯɯds MC: puŋ pi̯un sʷin sɑm muo̝i 1 Attribution
  • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 3992a

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: Wind-flying-quick Samādhi > 'Wheerl Wind Samādhi' (concentration in which one generates a violent wind which tears the body to pieces; see also fēng sānmèi 風三昧)
講  jiǎng MC: kaewngX OC: krooŋʔ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNabconcentrate on, focus on; work particularly onCH
修攝  xiū shè OC: sqlɯw qhljeb MC: sɨu ɕiɛp 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNresultativeBUDDH: cultivate/exercise and focus (one's mind) > concentrate
滅盡定  miè jìn dìng OC: med dzinʔ deeŋs MC: miɛt dzin deŋ 1 Attribution
  • Digital Dictionary of Buddhism ( MULLER) p.

    " The"concentration of cessation." An extremely deep sam$adhi where the activities of the mind are completely extinguished. In Abhidharmako$xa theory, it is one of the fourteen elements not concomitant with mind, and in Consciousness-only theory, it is one of the twenty-four elements not concomitant with mind. When this concentration is practiced, the mano-consciousness is also extinguished. Then the practitioner can be reborn into the Highest Heaven. Since this concentration has the power to extinguish mental functions in the mano consciousness, it is said to be the concentration practiced by sages. Since low-level practitioners and non-Buddhists are afraid to extinguish their egos, they do not enter this concentration of complete extinction. It is also called the 'concentration of extinguishing feeling and perception.' The seeds of 'disgusted mind' are established on the basis of this concentration."

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: attainment of cessation, mental state of absorption where all functions of the mind come to a complete halt; skr. nirodha-samāpatti
留心  liú xīn OC: b-ru slɯm MC: lɨu sim 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNturn one's attention to; concentrate on; be careful about (with the object marked by a coverbal construction)
楞嚴三昧  léng yán sān mèi OC: rɯɯŋ ŋɡam saam mɯɯds MC: ləŋ ŋi̯ɐm sɑm muo̝i 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPabpsychBUDDH: a kind of contemplative concentration, the Sūraṃgama-saṃādhi
願智三昧  yuàn zhì sān mèi OC: ŋɡons tes saam mɯɯds MC: ŋi̯ɐn ʈiɛ sɑm muo̝i 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: type of samādhi: 'Wish-to-Know Samādhi' (in this state of concentration one has the ability to know everything what one wishes)
正受  zhèng shòu OC: tjeŋs djuʔ MC: tɕiɛŋ dʑɨu 1 Attribution
  • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 700c

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: concentration, meditative absorption; skr. samādhi
不用處定  bù yòng chù dìng OC: pɯʔ k-loŋs qhljas deeŋs MC: pi̯ut ji̯oŋ tɕhi̯ɤ deŋ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: kind of samādhi; see 無所有處定
無諍三昧  wú zhèng sān mèi OC: ma skreeŋs saam mɯɯds MC: mi̯o ʈʂɣɛŋ sɑm muo̝i 1 Attribution

wú zhēng sānmèi

  • A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms ( SOOTHILL) p.

    無證: "Without strive, debate, or contradiction; passionlessness; abiding in the 'empty' of spiritual life without debate, or without striving with others."

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: No-conflict samādhi (a state of mind in which there is no opposition to others, being one of the characterstics of 'the foremost among men'); VIMALAKIRTI: 得無證三昧人中最為第一; SANSKRIT araṇā-vihāriṇām agryaḥ ?
擅  shàn MC: dzyenH OC: djans 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNconcentrate independently and autonomously onCH
風三昧  fēng sān mèi OC: plum saam mɯɯds MC: puŋ sɑm muo̝i 1 Attribution
  • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 3992a

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: kind of samādhi: Wind Samādhi (in which one generates a violent wind which tears one's body to pieces; see also fēngfènxùn sānmèi 風奮迅三昧)
精心  jīng xīn OC: tseŋ slɯm MC: tsiɛŋ sim 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPadVin a concentrated way; concentrating one's mind
非想非非想天  fēi xiǎng fēi fēi xiǎng xiǎng OC: pɯl sqaŋʔ pɯl pɯl sqaŋʔ lʰiin MC: pɨi si̯ɐŋ pɨi pɨi si̯ɐŋ then 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: state of neither perception nor non-perception, meditative state where there are no objects anymore, but still also no non-presence of objects. In the formless realm (wúsèjiè 無色界) this is the highest state and thus the highest form of existence in the three realms. However, a very subtle kind of thought is remaining and therefore this state is not identical with nirvāṇa; also referred to as the fourth heaven in the formless realm (see also 非想非非想處); skr. naiva-saṃj%nā-nāsaṃjnā-āyatana; PALI neva-sa%n%nā-nāsa%n%nā-āyatana
聚  jù OC: sɡos MC: dzi̯o
聚  jù OC: sɡoʔ MC: dzi̯o 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNconcentrate 聚精會神
講  jiǎng MC: kaewngX OC: krooŋʔ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNabconcentrate on, focus on; work particularly onCH
講  jiǎng MC: kaewngX OC: krooŋʔ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtoNabconcentrate on, focus on; work particularly onCH
停心  tíng xīn OC: deeŋ slɯm MC: deŋ sim 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPiactBUDDH: stop the mind (this refers to a traditional meditation practice)
攝念  shè niàn OC: qhljeb mɢlɯɯms MC: ɕiɛp nem 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPtoNconcentrate one's thoughts on
入定  rù dìng OC: njub deeŋs MC: ȵip deŋ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPienter into a trance of concentration; enter samādhi
色界定  sè jiè dìng OC: sqrɯɡ kreeds deeŋs MC: ʂɨk kɣɛi deŋ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: concentrations in the realm of form (state of mind free from passions, but accompanied by a sensation of physical well-being); SANSKRIT rūpa-avacara-samādhi
專心壹意  zhuān xīn yī yì OC: tjon slɯm qid qɯɡs MC: tɕiɛn sim ʔit ʔɨ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPiactconcentrate
等持  děng chí OC: k-lɯɯŋʔ ɡrlɯ MC: təŋ ɖɨ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: concentration, meditative absorption (see the standard terms dìng 定 and sānmèi 三昧); SANSKRIT samādhi
禪波羅蜜  chán bō luó mì OC: djan paal b-raal mbiɡ MC: dʑiɛn pʷɑ lɑ mit 0 Attributions
  • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 856d

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the perfection of concentration/mediation (one of the Six Perferctions of a Bodhisattva, liùdù 六度; see also chándìng 禪定); SANSKRIT dhyāna-pāramitā
四無色定  sì wú sè dìng OC: plids ma sqrɯɡ deeŋs MC: si mi̯o ʂɨk deŋ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the four (meditative) attainments of non-form; SANSKRIT catur-ārūpya-samāpatti; PALI catasso āruppa-samāpattiyo
心一境性  xīn yī jìng xìng OC: slɯm qliɡ kraŋʔ seŋs MC: sim ʔit kɣaŋ siɛŋ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: onepointedness of mind > concentration; SANSKRIT citta-ekāgratā; PALI citta ssa ekaggatā
注  zhù OC: tjos MC: tɕi̯o 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • viconcentrate on
三摩地  sān mó dì OC: saam maal lils MC: sɑm mʷɑ di 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: concentration, meditative absorption (see the standard terms dìng 定 and sānmèi 三昧); SANSKRIT samādhi
無用處定  wú yòng chù dìng OC: ma k-loŋs qhljas deeŋs MC: mi̯o ji̯oŋ tɕhi̯ɤ deŋ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistDELETE
專一  zhuān yī OC: tjon qliɡ MC: tɕiɛn ʔit 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabactone-sided concentration; one-dimensionality
執一  zhí yī OC: tjib qliɡ MC: tɕip ʔit 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPiactconcentrate on one thing
欲界定  yù jiè dìng OC: k-loɡ kreeds deeŋs MC: ji̯ok kɣɛi deŋ 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: concentration of the mind where there is no absolute freedom from passions; SANSKRIT kāma-dhyāna, kāma-avacara-samādhi