VILLAGE  城鄉里

SMALL PLACE where MANY HUMANS, TYPICALLY PEASANTS, LIVE TOGETHER.
SMALL TOWNHAMLETSETTLEMENTCOMMUNITYWHISTLE-STOP
Hypernym
  • PLACEPART of SPACE that THINGS BE-IN:are-in.
    • PARTOBJECT which COMBINES with OTHER OBJECTS to BECOME ONE LARGER WHOLE OBJECT.
      • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to.
See also
  • CITYBIG PLACE that CONTAINS MANY STREETS AND GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, AND where INTENSELY MANY PEOPLE LIVE NEAR TOGETHER.
    • NEIGHBOURHUMAN who DWELLS INTENSELY NEAR to one.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current general word for a village of any kind is lǐ 里. But note that this word even more often refers to city neighbourhoods.

      2. Xiāng 鄉 as an administrative term refers to a fairly non-urban neighbourhood area which will normally include several lǐ 里. ZHOULI and Han commentators arbitrarily define this as containing 12 500 families; when used informally, the term refers to a person's home or the vicinity where he lives, as in xiāng rén 鄉人.

      3. Lu �閭 refers generally to a narrowly defined neighbourhood area in the countryside, or a small neighbourhood in a conurbation. Han commentators do not quantify the number of inhabitants.

      4. Lín 鄰 refers to the administrative unit of a "neighbourhood". Traditionally, this was quantified as containing five or eight families.

      黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
      HUANG JINGUI 2006

      GOVERNMENT/LAW 32.

      鄉，周代最大的城邑居民編戶單位。

      里，本用於鄉村，也用於城邑，在鄉之下，大體延用至隋代。

      廛，里中賤民的居處。

      閭，只作居處的泛稱。

      坊，源於魏晉，從隋唐起取代 “ 里 ” 而盛行。

      Zhang Qing 1989 discusses fáng 坊.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      鄉村

      農村

      鄉間

      鄉下

      鄉

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.16

      • China Handbuch ( FRANKE 1974) p. 255

      • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 66

      • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 16

      • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 41

      • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

        閭

      • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1484

        鄰，里，鄉，閭

      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.137:91

        HAMEAU.VILLAGE.BOURG

      Words

      鄉  xiāng OC: qhaŋ MC: hi̯ɐŋ 10 AttributionsWD

      Xiāng 鄉 as an administrative term refers to a fairly non-urban neighbourhood area which will normally include several lǐ 里. ZHOULI and Han commentators arbitrarily define this as containing 12 500 families; when used informally, the term refers to a person's home or the vicinity where he lives, as in xiāng rén 鄉人.

        Word relations
      • Contrast: 邑/CITY The most general term for walled urban or semi-urban administrative centres and settlements below the level of the capital, and above the level of the village without any presence of the state administration, is 邑. In OBI the word can also refer to the royal capital.
      • Assoc: 里/VILLAGE The current general word for a village of any kind is lǐ 里. But note that this word even more often refers to city neighbourhoods.

        Syntactic words
      • nXiāng 鄉 as an administrative term refers to a fairly non-urban neighbourhood area which will normally include several lǐ 里. ZHOULI and Han commentators arbitrarily define this as containing 12 500 families
      • n[adN]the people of the immediate neighbourhoodCH
      • n[post-N]one's own village/neighbourhood
      • nadNfrom a village; from an insignificant place
      • nadVvillage by village; from each village
      里  lǐ OC: ɡ-rɯʔ MC: lɨ 8 AttributionsWD

      The current general word for a village of any kind is lǐ 里. But note that this word even more often refers to city neighbourhoods.

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 鄉/VILLAGE Xiāng 鄉 as an administrative term refers to a fairly non-urban neighbourhood area which will normally include several lǐ 里. ZHOULI and Han commentators arbitrarily define this as containing 12 500 families; when used informally, the term refers to a person's home or the vicinity where he lives, as in xiāng rén 鄉人.

        Syntactic words
      • nSHI 76: small village (fengsutong: 50 families); small neighbourhood in a city, neighbourhood; hamlet; home village; occasionally: every village (five of these are ideally said to make up one xiang 鄉
      聚落  jù luò OC: sɡoʔ ɡ-raaɡ MC: dzi̯o lɑk 6 AttributionsWD

        Syntactic words
      • NPsettlement
      黨  dǎng OC: taaŋʔ MC: tɑŋ 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nvillage of 500 families (Zheng Xuan ad LY 9.2)
      • n[adN]the people of the villageCH
      村  cūn OC: tshuun MC: tshuo̝n 4 AttributionsWD

        Syntactic words
      • nvillage
      • n[adN]N=huminhabitants of the village
      閭  lǘ OC: ɡ-ra MC: li̯ɤ 4 AttributionsWD

      Lu� 閭 refers generally to a narrowly defined neighbourhood area in the countryside, or a small neighbourhood in a conurbation. Han commentators do not quantify the number of inhabitants.

        Syntactic words
      • nUNGER SACH ly gives details. ZZ 1268: immediate neighbourhood, village; area (in conurbation)
      • n[adN]the people of the villageCH
      曲  qū OC: khoɡ MC: khi̯ok 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nremote marginal place; small village
      社  shè MC: dzyaeX OC: ɡljaʔLZ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nadministrative unit of 25 families, organised around one shared altarLZ
      村落  cūn luò OC: tshuun ɡ-raaɡ MC: tshuo̝n lɑk 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPvillage
      閭里  lǘ lǐ OC: ɡ-ra ɡ-rɯʔ MC: li̯ɤ lɨ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPvillage
      • NPadNfigurativelocal; parochialCH
      三家村  sān jiā cūn OC: saam kraa tshuun MC: sɑm kɣɛ tshuo̝n 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPderogatoryvillage with three families > tiny village
      鄉閭  xiāng lǘ MC: xjang ljo OC: qhaŋ ɡ-raCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPneighbourhood, surrounding villagesCH
      坊  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • npost-Han, Wei Jin: small neighbourhood (perhaps of fifty families)
      連  lián OC: b-ren MC: liɛn 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • na community of four villages (GUAN)
      鄰  lín OC: rin MC: lin 0 AttributionsWD

      Lín 鄰 refers to the administrative unit of a "neighbourhood". Traditionally, this was quantified as containing five or eight families.

        Syntactic words
      • nZHOULI: five families constituting a neighbourhood, according HSWZ eight families

      Existing SW for

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