VILLAGE    城鄉里

SMALL PLACE where MANY HUMANS, TYPICALLY PEASANTS, LIVE TOGETHER.
SMALL TOWNHAMLETSETTLEMENTCOMMUNITYWHISTLE-STOP
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for a village of any kind is lǐ 里. But note that this word even more often refers to city neighbourhoods. 2. Xiāng 鄉 as an administrative term refers to a fairly non-urban neighbourhood area which will normally include several lǐ 里. ZHOULI and Han commentators arbitrarily define this as containing 12 500 families; when used informally, the term refers to a person's home or the vicinity where he lives, as in xiāng rén 鄉人. 3. Lu �閭 refers generally to a narrowly defined neighbourhood area in the countryside, or a small neighbourhood in a conurbation. Han commentators do not quantify the number of inhabitants. 4. Lín 鄰 refers to the administrative unit of a "neighbourhood". Traditionally, this was quantified as containing five or eight families.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW 32. 鄉，周代最大的城邑居民編戶單位。 里，本用於鄉村，也用於城邑，在鄉之下，大體延用至隋代。 廛，里中賤民的居處。 閭，只作居處的泛稱。 坊，源於魏晉，從隋唐起取代 “ 里 ” 而盛行。 Zhang Qing 1989 discusses fáng 坊.
Modern Chinese Criteria
鄉村 農村 鄉間 鄉下 鄉 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
  • CITYBIG PLACE that CONTAINS MANY STREETS AND GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, AND where INTENSELY MANY PEOPLE LIVE NEAR TOGETHER.
  • NEIGHBOURHUMAN who DWELLS INTENSELY NEAR to one.
Hypernym
  • PLACE　PART of SPACE that THINGS BE-IN:are-in. (anc: 4/0, child: 39)
  • PART　OBJECT which COMBINES with OTHER OBJECTS to BECOME ONE LARGER WHOLE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 8)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.16

  • China Handbuch ( FRANKE 1974) p. 255

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 66

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 16

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 41

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    閭

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1484

    鄰，里，鄉，閭

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.137:91

    HAMEAU.VILLAGE.BOURG

    • Words (16 items)

    鄉  xiāng OC: qhaŋ MC: hi̯ɐŋ 10 Attributions

    Xiāng 鄉 as an administrative term refers to a fairly non-urban neighbourhood area which will normally include several lǐ 里. ZHOULI and Han commentators arbitrarily define this as containing 12 500 families; when used informally, the term refers to a person's home or the vicinity where he lives, as in xiāng rén 鄉人.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 邑/CITY The most general term for walled urban or semi-urban administrative centres and settlements below the level of the capital, and above the level of the village without any presence of the state administration, is 邑. In OBI the word can also refer to the royal capital.
    • Assoc: 里/VILLAGE The current general word for a village of any kind is lǐ 里. But note that this word even more often refers to city neighbourhoods.

      Syntactic words
    • nXiāng 鄉 as an administrative term refers to a fairly non-urban neighbourhood area which will normally include several lǐ 里. ZHOULI and Han commentators arbitrarily define this as containing 12 500 families
    • n[adN]the people of the immediate neighbourhoodCH
    • n[post-N]one's own village/neighbourhood
    • nadNfrom a village; from an insignificant place
    • nadVvillage by village; from each village
    里  lǐ OC: ɡ-rɯʔ MC: lɨ 8 Attributions

    The current general word for a village of any kind is lǐ 里. But note that this word even more often refers to city neighbourhoods.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 鄉/VILLAGE Xiāng 鄉 as an administrative term refers to a fairly non-urban neighbourhood area which will normally include several lǐ 里. ZHOULI and Han commentators arbitrarily define this as containing 12 500 families; when used informally, the term refers to a person's home or the vicinity where he lives, as in xiāng rén 鄉人.

      Syntactic words
    • nSHI 76: small village (fengsutong: 50 families); small neighbourhood in a city, neighbourhood; hamlet; home village; occasionally: every village (five of these are ideally said to make up one xiang 鄉
    聚落  jù luò OC: sɡoʔ ɡ-raaɡ MC: dzi̯o lɑk 6 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NPsettlement
    黨  dǎng OC: taaŋʔ MC: tɑŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nvillage of 500 families (Zheng Xuan ad LY 9.2)
    • n[adN]the people of the villageCH
    閭  lǘ OC: ɡ-ra MC: li̯ɤ 4 Attributions

    Lu� 閭 refers generally to a narrowly defined neighbourhood area in the countryside, or a small neighbourhood in a conurbation. Han commentators do not quantify the number of inhabitants.

      Syntactic words
    • nUNGER SACH ly gives details. ZZ 1268: immediate neighbourhood, village; area (in conurbation)
    • n[adN]the people of the villageCH
    村  cūn OC: tshuun MC: tshuo̝n 4 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nvillage
    • n[adN]N=huminhabitants of the village
    曲  qū OC: khoɡ MC: khi̯ok 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nremote marginal place; small village
    社  shè MC: dzyaeX OC: ɡljaʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nadministrative unit of 25 families, organised around one shared altarLZ
    村落  cūn luò OC: tshuun ɡ-raaɡ MC: tshuo̝n lɑk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPvillage
    鄉閭  xiāng lǘ MC: xjang ljo OC: qhaŋ ɡ-ra 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPneighbourhood, surrounding villagesCH
    閭里  lǘ lǐ OC: ɡ-ra ɡ-rɯʔ MC: li̯ɤ lɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPvillage
    • NPadNfigurativelocal; parochialCH
    亭  tíng MC: deng OC: deeŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • npost-N亭長 “head of the village" the N of the village FB
    三家村  sān jiā cūn OC: saam kraa tshuun MC: sɑm kɣɛ tshuo̝n 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPderogatoryvillage with three families > tiny village
    連  lián OC: b-ren MC: liɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • na community of four villages (GUAN)
    鄰  lín OC: rin MC: lin 0 Attributions

    Lín 鄰 refers to the administrative unit of a "neighbourhood". Traditionally, this was quantified as containing five or eight families.

      Syntactic words
    • nZHOULI: five families constituting a neighbourhood, according HSWZ eight families
    坊  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npost-Han, Wei Jin: small neighbourhood (perhaps of fifty families)