PROBABLE 大概蓋
INTENSELY POSSIBLE AND EXPECTED to be TRUE.
LIKELYMOST LIKELYODDS-ONEXPECTEDANTICIPATEDPREDICTABLEFORESEEABLETEN TO ONEINFORMAL IN THE CARDSA GOOD/FAIR/REASONABLE BET
Hypernym
- POSSIBLEABLE TO BE DONE OR ABLE TO HAPPEN, OR ABLE TO BE THE CASE.
Hyponym
- APPROXIMATELY PROBABLY BUT NOT EXACTLY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general current word for probability is the particle gài 蓋／盍 (ant.* bì 必 "certainly, undoubtedly"), which emphasises that a statement is not based on direct objective evidence.
2. Qí 其 indicates that a statement must be true, for everything one knows, but could conceivably be false.
3. The final particle yún 云 is used in historical sources to indicate that something is not based on direct historical evidence but on hearsay or secondary sources only.
4. Yì 意 and yì zh3ě 意者 emphasise that a statement is a mere matter of subjective surmising.
5. Kě 可 (ant. bì 必 "certainly, undoubtedly") is occasionally used to refer to something being only possibly, not necessarily, the case.
6. Hào 好 refers to a proneness to do something, typically something one is not supposed to be prone to do.
7. Shàn 善 refers generally to any proneness or tendency to do something.
2. Qí 其 indicates that a statement must be true, for everything one knows, but could conceivably be false.
3. The final particle yún 云 is used in historical sources to indicate that something is not based on direct historical evidence but on hearsay or secondary sources only.
4. Yì 意 and yì zh3ě 意者 emphasise that a statement is a mere matter of subjective surmising.
5. Kě 可 (ant. bì 必 "certainly, undoubtedly") is occasionally used to refer to something being only possibly, not necessarily, the case.
6. Hào 好 refers to a proneness to do something, typically something one is not supposed to be prone to do.
7. Shàn 善 refers generally to any proneness or tendency to do something.
Modern Chinese Criteria
大概
大略
大約
約莫
大致
大體
大率
八成
光景
多咱
多敢
多分
敢情
橫是
或許
也許
怕
約
橫
蓋
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING
大略
大約
約莫
大致
大體
大率
八成
光景
多咱
多敢
多分
敢情
橫是
或許
也許
怕
約
橫
蓋
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING
- Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles
(
CASSIN 2004)
p.
1029 - Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache
(
MAUTHNER WP 1924)
p.
III.417 - Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
3.2091 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
12.251 WAHRSCHEINLICHKEIT
- Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
71 - The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.
- New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.
Words
其 qí OC: ɡɯ MC: gɨ 74 AttributionsWD
Qí 其 indicates that a statement must be true, for everything one knows, but could conceivably be false.
- Syntactic words
- padN{PRED}presumably; possibly
- padN{PRED}subjectiveI suppose it is N!
- padSprobably S
- padVpossiblyCH
- padV.post-Sirrealiswould probably, would most likely
- padV.postN{SUBJ}subjectiveprobably; surely be - I suppose -
- padVexpected answer: no!", I wonder?"
- padVexpected answer: yes!", I wonder?"
- padVsubjectivepresumably, - I suppose , one would surely have thought
蓋 gài OC: kaabs MC: kɑi
盍 gài MC: -- OC: -- 23 AttributionsWD
The general current word for probability is the particle gài 蓋／盍 (ant.* bì 必 "certainly, undoubtedly") , which emphasises that a statement is not based on direct objective evidence.
- Syntactic words
- padSmodalas a matter of fact, as far as I can see; as far as one can see; probably, apparently; presumably; in my subjective view
或者 huò zhě OC: ɡʷɯɯɡ kljaʔ MC: ɦək tɕɣɛ 19 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadSprobably; presumably; I suppose..; for all we know
- PPadVprobably; in all likelihood; for all we know
或 huò OC: ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: ɦək 17 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- padVconceivably; probably, quite possibly, in all likelihood; "before you know it"; by any chance
- padV.postN{SUBJ}conceivably; probably; presumably
殆 dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 12 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadN{PRED}probably be
- vadN{PRED}presumablyCH
- vadVprobably; presumably; apparently, as far as one can see
意者 yì zhě OC: qɯɡs kljaʔ MC: ʔɨ tɕɣɛ 9 AttributionsWD
Yì 意 and yì zh3ě 意者 emphasise that a statement is a mere matter of subjective surmising.
- Syntactic words
- NPadSprobably; presumably; perhaps
可 kě OC: khlaalʔ MC: khɑ 7 AttributionsWD
Kě 可 (ant. bì 必 "certainly, undoubtedly") is occasionally used to refer to something being only possibly, not necessarily, the case.
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]be likely to; may ??vt+V marking possibility (epistemic modality)
將 jiāng OC: skaŋ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVwill naturally, will presumably; will probably; often with questions: possibly?
意 yì OC: qɯɡs MC: ʔɨ 7 AttributionsWD
Yì 意 and yì zh3ě 意者 emphasise that a statement is a mere matter of subjective surmising.
- Syntactic words
- vadSis it imaginable that S? it is surely not conceivable that S
- vadSquestionparenthetic verb: - I suppose -, could it be that?, perhaps Mo: 意月王將聽吾言
欲 yù OC: k-loɡ MC: ji̯ok 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]will in all likelihood in the future
- vt+V[0]continuoustend to, have a natural inclination to; be inclined to; sometimes like: would have liked to, would have tended to
當 dāng OC: taaŋ MC: tɑŋ 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]be likely to, be due to, be bound to (sometimes expressing rather necessity than probability, especially in predctions: shall)
可否 kě fǒu OC: khlaalʔ pɯʔ MC: khɑ pɨu 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeaturepossibility; feasibility
其或者 qí huò zhě OC: ɡɯ ɡʷɯɯɡ kljaʔ MC: gɨ ɦək tɕɣɛ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadVvery probably, very likely; for all we know
庶 shù OC: qhljaɡs MC: ɕi̯ɤ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVprobably 庶。。。乎
能 néng OC: nɯɯŋ MC: nəŋ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]modalbe likely to
懼 jù OC: ɡʷas MC: gi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVparenthetic: - it is to be feared/I'm afraid -
庶幾 shù jī OC: qhljaɡs kɯl MC: ɕi̯ɤ kɨi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadSpresumably; hopefully
- VPadVsubjectprobably, almost certainly; presumably; in any probability
其或 qí huò OC: ɡɯ ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: gɨ ɦək 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadVprobably
可以 kě yǐ OC: khlaalʔ k-lɯʔ MC: khɑ jɨ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+V[0]may (thus 以之) come (thus 以之) toV; can come to V
殆乎 dài hū OC: lɯɯʔ ɢaa MC: dəi ɦuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVprobably, presumably, possibly
莫 mò OC: maaɡ MC: mɑk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- padSprobably???; who knows?
其將 qí jiāng OC: ɡɯ skaŋ MC: gɨ tsi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVthat must be because
蓋將 gài jiāng OC: kaabs skaŋ MC: kɑi tsi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadVwill probably
云 yún OC: ɢun MC: ɦi̯un 0 AttributionsWD
The final particle yún 云 is used in historical sources to indicate that something is not based on direct historical evidence but on hearsay or secondary sources only.
- Syntactic words
- padS..., or so it is said,...
- ppostadSmodal particle: modal final particale cooccurring with modal 其 and especially gài 蓋: or so they say; 2. cooccurring with 如, 若, 類: of that kind, as in colloquial English sentence-final clitic - like, of that kind.
善 shàn OC: ɡjenʔ MC: dʑiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
Shàn 善 refers generally to any proneness or tendency to do something.
- Syntactic words
好 hǎo MC: xawX OC: qhuuʔ 0 AttributionsWD
Hào 好 refers to a proneness to do something, typically something one is not supposed to be prone to do.
- Syntactic words
宜 yí OC: ŋɡral MC: ŋiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVpossibly; I suspect
然 rán OC: njen MC: ȵiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
弗其 fú qí OC: pɯd ɡɯ MC: pi̯ut gɨ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- PPadVnegativemight not (with uncontrollable process verbs) [DK]
殆將 dài jiāng OC: lɯɯʔ skaŋ MC: dəi tsi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadN{PRED}presumably, probably
- VPadVprobably
應 yìng OC: qɯŋs MC: ʔɨŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVgiven the situation, as a response to it: probably
容 róng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadSHOUHANSHU: probably; conceivably 容有陰謀 "probably their is a plot"
Existing SW for
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