NATURALLY    自然自然

EASILY AND NOT:without BECAUSE of being COMPELLED OR BECAUSE of PLANNING, OR USING A METHOD.
SPONTANEOUSUNAFFECTEDSPONTANEOUSUNINHIBITEDRELAXEDUNSELFCONSCIOUSGENUINEOPENARTLESSGUILELESSINGENUOUSUNPRETENTIOUSWITHOUT AIRSBY NATUREBY CHARACTERINHERENTLYINNATELYCONGENITALLY
Modern Chinese Criteria
天然 自然 天生 天賦 天稟 先天 生就 原始 草昧 天 原 生 自發 當然 自然 當 自 自是 本來 本 理所當然 禁不住 撐不住 忍不住 不禁 不由得 由不得 不禁 foxusses on the inability to stop onesels doing what is natural. 不覺 focusses on the absence of consciousness in what is natural. 不知不覺 focusses on the absence of consciousness and subjective understanding in the agent of what is natural 不禁不由 focusses on the independence of what is natural from anything other than it. 身不由已 focusses on the failure of self-control in what is naturel. 不能自已 focusses on the failure to put a stop to what is natural. 不由自主 focusses on the lack of independent control. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • WILD　NATURAL, UNRESTRAINED AND NOT TAMED. (anc: 10/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • INTENDDESIRE for what one BELIEVES to be a POSSIBLE:FEASIBLE FUTURE ACT by ONESELF.
  • DELIBERATEINTENDING FREELY to ACT SAME:as one does ACT.
See also
  • ABSOLUTEWhat is ABSTRACT and does not DEPEND on OTHER ABSTRACT OR CONCRETE THINGS.
  • NATURE
Hypernym
  • EASY　POSSIBLE AND IF TRIED OFTEN ACHIEVED LACKING:without EFFORT. (anc: 8/0, child: 3)
  • POSSIBLE　ABLE TO BE DONE OR ABLE TO HAPPEN, OR ABLE TO BE THE CASE.  (anc: 7/0, child: 3)
  • ABLE　HAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something. (anc: 6/0, child: 16)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 629

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 296

    DE SUYO

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 359

  • On Nature ( MILL 1904) p.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 6.621

    NATUR

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 9.1424

    SPONTANEITAET

  • «Selbst-Erweisung»: Der Ursprung des /ziran/-Gedankens in der chinesischen Philosophie des 4. und 3. Jhs ( ROELLICKE 1996) p.

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 162

  • Enzyklopaedie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie ( MITTELSTRASS 1996) p. 4.47

    SPONTAN

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 4.404

    • Words (14 items)

    自然  zì rán OC: sblids njen MC: dzi ȵiɛn 127 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP(post-N)the natural state of
    • NPabactconduct that is so of itself; conduct according to nature
    • NPabfigurativenaturalism
    • NPabmetaphysicalthe natural course of things; what is naturally so
    • NPabstativebeing in a natural state; natural state
    • NPpost-Nthe natural tendencies of N; the natural properties of N
    • NPsubjectNPab[adN] what is so of itself，what is so by itself
    • VPadNnatural
    • VPadSnaturally, all of itself S obtained
    • VPadVnaturally; all by itself, all of itself; unprovoked; effortlessly
    • VPadVV=negativenaturally
    • VPihappen automatically (Greek: automatos), be so of and by itself; be naturally oneself; be natural; come naturally
    • VPiactpractice naturalness
    • VPieventnaturally ensue; emerge naturally, happen naturally, unprovoked by human or superhuman action of any kind
    • VPpostadVnaturally
    自  zì OC: sblids MC: dzi 94 Attributions

    The standard classical Chinese word declaring something to happen naturally rather than by artifice of any kind is zì 自.

      Syntactic words
    • npro{OBJ}+Vtin the natural course of events; naturally; automatically; spontaneously; by itself (without any external initiative)
    天  tiān OC: lʰiin MC: then 42 Attributions

    Tiān 天 refers specifically to the non-man-made aspect of the nature of things.

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 人/HUMAN The dominant term is rén 人 which refers to any human.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.adVby their very nature, without any human interference or factors involved
    • nabmetaphysicalNature; what is natural; natural endowment, natural features
    • nab{PRED}be a matter of Nature (determined by Heaven)CH
    • nadNheaven-given>inborn, natural; naturally endowed
    虛  xū OC: qhla MC: hi̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVwithout any particular agent or reason being involved: naturally
    • vipsychologicalbe unobtrusively natural; be completely naturalCH
    宜  yí OC: ŋɡral MC: ŋiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadSnaturally, S would be true; it is not surprising that S
    不覺  bù jué OC: pɯʔ kruuɡ MC: pi̯ut kɣɔk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVnaturally; without intending the effects one is causing
    灕然  lí rán MC: lje nyen OC: b-rel njen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVin a natural way like water that seeps into the soilCS
    優游  yōu yóu MC: 'juw yuw OC: qu lu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe free and easy; be uninhibitedCH
    直爾  zhí ěr OC: dɯɡ mljelʔ MC: ɖɨk ȵiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVjust like that, simply like that
    率性  shuài xìng OC: sruds seŋs MC: ʂi siɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVfollowing one's basic nature
    理自  lǐ zì OC: ɡ-rɯʔ sblids MC: lɨ dzi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVby natural principle naturally > in the natural course of events
    失  shī OC: lʰiɡ MC: ɕit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V(0)cannot help V-ing, come to V, V despite oneself 失笑 vt+V[0]
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe free and easy; be uninhibitedCH
    順自  shùn zì OC: ɢjuns sblids MC: ʑʷin dzi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadN{PRED}in the natural course of events