INJURE    傷傷

DAMAGE a HUMAN OR ANIMAL so as to CAUSE TO HAVE INJURY.
HURTWOUNDDAMAGEHARMCRIPPLELAMEDISABLEMAIMMUTILATEDEFORMMANGLEBREAK
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The clearly dominant general term referring to the inflicting of bodily harm is shāng 傷. (But note that the word also currently refers to mental harm and psychological distress.) 2. Chuàng 創 primarily refers to the inflicting of serious external wounds and never has any psychological overtones or implications, but there are occasional usages where the word has a metaphorical sense of inflicting pain or damage on things other than physical bodies. 3. Jí 疾 refers to the inflicting of typically internal physical harm other than external laceration. 4. Cuò 挫 refers to deliberate maltreatment involving the inflicting of wounds.
Modern Chinese Criteria
傷 創傷 創痍 損傷 挫傷 燒傷 灼傷 燙傷 工傷 凍傷 挫傷 毆傷 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • STAB　INJURE by VIOLENTLY PIERCING a BODY. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
  • STING　INJURE by PIERCING the SKIN of a HUMAN OR ANIMAL, of INSECTS. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
  • TORMENT　INJURE DELIBERATELY USING WICKED INTENT. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • CURECONTROL ILLNESS so as to CAUSE it to CEASE to EXIST.
See also
  • INJURYTYPICALLY VISIBLE DAMAGE to the BODY, CAUSED by being INJURED.
Hypernym
  • DAMAGE　CHANGE so as to CAUSE TO BECOME MORE BAD. (anc: 10/0, child: 8)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • EVENT　REALITY that ARISES in TIME. (anc: 8/0, child: 4)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 11.28

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    INJURE

    laedere refers to physical injury of any kind inflicted on anything whatever.

    violare refers in a transferred sense to an injury to a person's rights, when a person has a claim to protection.

    offendere refers to an injury to a person's feelings, typically by an affront.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 248

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 16

    • Words (27 items)

    傷  shāng OC: lʰaŋ MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ 57 Attributions

    The clearly dominant general term referring to the inflicting of bodily harm is shāng 傷. (But note that the word also currently refers to mental harm and psychological distress.)

      Word relations
    • Object: 人/HUMAN The dominant term is rén 人 which refers to any human.

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]N=nonrefthe wounded; wounded soldiers
    • vadNpassiveinjured; wounded 傷人
    • vigradedget injured, injure onself; be injured
    • vt+prep+Nbe of harm to
    • vt[oN]injure others
    • vtoNwound; cause to be injured
    • vtoNmiddle voiceget injured in (e.g. in one's eye) 傷其目
    • vtoNmiddle voicewithout indication of place of injury: get injuredCH
    • vtoNmiddle voicefigurative: be impaired; lose original aesthetic forceCH
    • vtoNpassivebe wounded; get injured; be afflicted by; be made ill by
    • vtoNreflexive.自injure (oneself)
    • vttoN1(.+N2)passive(of the subject N1) get injured by object N2CH
    胼胝  pián zhī OC: been til MC: ben ʈi 5 Attributions

    Piánzhī 胼胝 refers generally to the state of being chapped, perhaps in an intensitive way.

      Syntactic words
    • VPibe chapped
    挫  cuò OC: skools MC: tsʷɑ 4 Attributions

    Cuò 挫 refers to deliberate maltreatment involving the inflicting of wounds.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmaltreat, injure; try to harm
    • vtoNpassivebe injured
    傷壞  shāng huài OC: lʰaŋ ɡruuls MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ ɦɣɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNmiddle voiceget injured
    傷破  shāng pò OC: lʰaŋ phaals MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ phʷɑ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNmiddle voiceget injured to the point of getting smashed> get badly injured
    疾  jí OC: dzid MC: dzit 3 Attributions

    Jí 疾 refers to the inflicting of typically internal physical harm other than external laceration.

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]something that is injurious
    • vtoNcausativebe physically harmful to without necessarily causing external injury; cause an acute medical condition to
    • vtoNcausativebe harmful to N, harm NLZ
    胝  zhī OC: til MC: ʈi 2 Attributions

    Zhī 胝 is a term for chapped (both the legs and hands).

      Syntactic words
    • vibe chapped, have hard skin
    胼  pián OC: been MC: ben 2 Attributions

    Another term for chapped is pián 胼.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe chapped, have hard skin
    劌  guì OC: kʷrads MC: kiɛi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactinjury to othersLZ
    • vt[oN]injure peopleLZ
    • vtoNstab, injure through stabbing.
    夷  yí OC: li MC: ji
    痍  yí OC: li MC: ji 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactthe inflicting bodily harm on
    • vtoNinjureCH
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe wounded; be injured; get wounded
    戕  qiāng OC: sɡaŋ MC: dzi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]inflict injury
    • vtoNinjure, inflict injury on
    踒  wō OC: qool MC: ʔʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nsprain; bruise
    • nadNhandicapped, incapacitated
    傷人  shāng rén MC: syang nyin OC: lʰaŋ njin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe health-wise harmful to humansCH
    靡  mí MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtorment
    傷害  shāng hài OC: lʰaŋ ɡaads MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ ɦɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactinjure people
    • VPt(oN)harm or injure the contextually determinate N
    • VPtoNmiddle voiceget injured
    瘡痍  chuāng yí OC: skhraŋ li MC: ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ ji 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactgetting injured
    刻  kè OC: khɯɯɡ MC: khək 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNSHU weizi 8: injure, wound
    創  chuāng OC: skhraŋ MC: ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution

    Chuāng 創 primarily refers to the inflicting of serious external wounds and never has any psychological overtones or implications, but there are occasional usages where the word has a metaphorical sense of inflicting pain or damage on things other than physical bodies.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlacerate
    折挫  zhé cuò OC: kljed skools MC: tɕiɛt tsʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassiveget maimed
    妨  fāng OC: phaŋ MC: phi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nsubj=nonhumanwhat is harmful to others
    • vtoNto injure; harm
    掜  nǐ MC: ngejX OC: ŋeeʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmiddle voice(of the hands of a baby) get deformedCH
    害傷  hài shāng MC: hajH syang OC: ɡaads lʰaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNinjureCH
    灼  zhuó OC: pljewɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativeget impaired
    爽  shuǎng OC: sraŋʔ MC: ʂi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution

    HYDCD: 12.受傷害。

      Syntactic words
    • vimiddle voicesuffer harm; get uncomfortable; feel uncomfortable
    • vtoNfigurativego against, viloate (with abstract N)
    龜  guī OC: kʷrɯ MC: ki 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcause to get chapped
    瘡害  chuāng hài OC: skhraŋ ɡaads MC: ʈʂhi̯ɐŋ ɦɑi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureinjury; wound
    戮  lù OC: ɡ-ruɡ MC: luk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNoccasionally, vt: maim (an already dead body)