WITH  跟與

AND TOGETHER [GRAMMAR]
Hypernym
  • ANDALL of TWO THINGS OR ACTIONS OR FEATURES.
    • ALLCOMMON so that of NONE NOT.
      • COMMONEXISTING IN MANY THINGS OR PLACES.
        • EXISTBE-IN the UNIVERSE of SPACE AND TIME....
See also
  • ALSOADDING SOMETHING to what has ALREADY been SAID OR been REFERRED TO. 
    Old Chinese Criteria
    The current word is yǔ 與.

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    跟

    同

    與

    和

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING

      Words

      與  yǔ OC: k-laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ 477 AttributionsWD

      The current word is yǔ 與.

        Syntactic words
      • vt(oN.)adVomwith him, with them, etc. 與戰fought a battle with him, 與知: Greek suneidein "be co-aware of"
      • vt[postSUO].adVsomebody with whom one VsDS
      • vtoN.adV1:adV2jointlywith
      • vtoN.adV1:adV2N=listjointly with (a list of N)
      • vtoN.adVhostile與秦戰 with, against
      • vtoN.adVhostilewith
      • vtoN.adVinteractin interaction with; in association with; with; in collusion with, in cooperation with
      • vtoN.adVrelational(compared/related etc) with
      • vtoN1(.postN2):adVinteractwith (subject omitted immediately in front of yǔ 與)
      • vtoN1(.postN2):adVjointlyjointly, together
      • vtonpro.adVhostilee.g. 與之爭名 with, againstLZ
      • vtoNpro.adVinteract與之盟/戰
      • vtoNpro.adVjointlywith 相與食
      • vtoNpro.adVrelationalwith
      • vtpostN.adVwithCH
      • vtpostSUO.adVwith whom　所與備人
      及  jí OC: ɡrɯb MC: gip 129 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabautonymthe word 及
      • vt(+N1.postN2:)adVthe contextually determinate main subject V-s with the contextually determinate secondary subject
      • vt1oN1.-N2:post-vt2with (in object position). [Gongyangzhuan claims that the order of constituents before and after 及 indicates difference of rank)]CH
      • vtoN(.adV)interacting with
      • vtoN.adVhostilewith
      • vtoN.adVinteract衛人及狄盟 N2 V-s, in conjunction/cooperation/interaction with N1 (In the following the first designates joint action, the second interaction: 叔孫豹及諸侯之大夫及陳袁僑盟。 公及楚公子嬰齊、蔡侯、許男、秦右大夫說、宋華元、陳公孫寧、衛孫良夫、鄭公子去疾及齊國之大夫盟于蜀。)
      • vtoN.adVinteractin interaction with (several grammatical objects)
      • vtoN.adVjointlytogether with
      • vtoN.adVjointlywith (followed by an asyndetic list)
      • vtoN.adVN=multipleengage in V together with, or in alliance with all the persons in N1
      • vtoN.adVrelational(in relation) to, with
      • vtoN1(.postN2):adVhostile(fight a battle etc) with
      • vtoN1(.postN2):adVinteractthe contextually determinate N2 V-s (together) with N1; the contextually determinate N2 V-s against N1
      • vtoN1(.postN2):adVjointlyjointly with, in cooperation with
      以  yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 58 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vt(oN.)adVtaking a contextually determinate object along
      • vtoN.adVhaving (something): leading along, taking along (introduces an object which the actor has or leads along during the action;
      • vtoN.adVusing; with; on the basis ofDS
      • vtoN.adVaccompanytaking along and accompanying
      • vtoN.adVfigurativewith the offer of, offering as a present in the process;
      • vtoN.postadVusing, on the basis ofCH
      共  gòng MC: gjowngH OC: ɡoŋs 21 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vt(oN.)adVV with a contextually determinate person
      • vtoN.adVV together with (coverb usually introducing the object of a bi-direction speech act)
      • vtoN.adVhostileagainst
      將  jiāng OC: skaŋ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ 5 AttributionsWD
      • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 281, 308-309

        As most of the other instrumental coverbs, jia1ng grammaticalized from the meaning 'to graph' as main verb.

        The usage as instrumental coverb appeared during the Han; there are ca. 60 examples of this usage in ZTJ.

      • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 378-379

        "Instrumental coverbs indicate the tool or instrument an action is performed with. In ZTJ the common instrumental coverbs are yi3 以, jia1ng 將, ba3 把 and yo4ng 用. The objects of yo4ng are predominantly concrete.

        The coverb yi3 以 frequently has body parts as coverbal objects, notably sho3u 手 ('with one's hands', more than thirty examples). In contrast to this, there are no examples of ba3 sho3u 把手 or jia1ng sho3u 將手. In addition yi3 is frequently used with abstract objects ('with the law', 'by means of knowledge', 'by means of/through a verse', etc.). As such yi3 is a very diverse instrumental coverb in ZTJ. Three of the above coverbs grammaticalized from V{hold/grasp}. The other instrumental coverb with a high frequency is jia1ng which can take concrete and abstract objects. In ZTJ the examples with abstract objects are more numerous."

      • 《祖堂集》虛詞研究 Zǔtáng jí xūcí yánjiū A Study of Function Words in Zǔtáng jí ( SONG YINSHENG 1996) p. 296

      • 漢語史稿 Hànyǔshǐ gǎo Outline of the History of Chinese ( WANG LI 1958) p. 410

        Syntactic words
      • vtoN.adVinstrumental coverb: using, by means of, through (coverb of instrument)

      Existing SW for

      Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

        Searching Wikidata

        Type: