FEMALE 女性雌
GENDER OF AN ANIMAL OR ANIMAL TYPICALLY ABLE to BIRTH:bear CHILDREN.
Antonym
- MALEGENDER of an ANIMAL or ANIMAL which HAS the ORGANS FOR ENGENDERING AND CAN NOT give BIRTH.
Hypernym
- GENDERFEATURE of being MALE OR FEMALE.
Hyponym
- HERMAPHRODITE MALE AND FEMALE AT THE SAME TIME
- AUNT FEMALE RELATIVE of a SENIOR GENERATION of WHOM ONE IS NOT a DESCENDANT.
- GIRL FEMALE YOUNG HUMAN.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for a female of any species is cí 雌 (ant. xióng 雄 "male").
2. Nu# 女 (ant. nán 男 "male") refers specifically to human females.
3. Pìn 牝 (ant. mǔ 牡 "male") refers to specifically to females of animals.
4. Zì 牸 refers to females of buffalo, but sometimes also of tiger, rhinoceros, or horse.
5. Mǔ 母 (ant. gōng 公 "male") refers to adult females of some species, including spirits. NB incidentally: Mǔ jī 母雞 is current, while mǔ niǎo 母鳥 does not seem to be found.
6. Kūn 坤 (ant. qián 乾 "metaphysically: male") is a metaphysical way of characterising things as belonging to the female realm. (NB incidentally and irrelevantly as a modern Chinese reflex kūn biǎo 坤錶 "women's watch".)
2. Nu# 女 (ant. nán 男 "male") refers specifically to human females.
3. Pìn 牝 (ant. mǔ 牡 "male") refers to specifically to females of animals.
4. Zì 牸 refers to females of buffalo, but sometimes also of tiger, rhinoceros, or horse.
5. Mǔ 母 (ant. gōng 公 "male") refers to adult females of some species, including spirits. NB incidentally: Mǔ jī 母雞 is current, while mǔ niǎo 母鳥 does not seem to be found.
6. Kūn 坤 (ant. qián 乾 "metaphysically: male") is a metaphysical way of characterising things as belonging to the female realm. (NB incidentally and irrelevantly as a modern Chinese reflex kūn biǎo 坤錶 "women's watch".)
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006
ANIMALS 3.
雌，是一切雌性動物通稱。
牝，專稱雌性獸畜。
牸，專稱雌性家畜。
ANIMALS 3.
雌，是一切雌性動物通稱。
牝，專稱雌性獸畜。
牸，專稱雌性家畜。
Modern Chinese Criteria
雌
牝
母
女的
女性
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
牝
母
女的
女性
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
- Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
4 FRAU
- 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao
(
HUANG JINGUI 1995)
p.
409 - 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao
(
HUANG JINGUI 1995)
p.
413 - Ästhetische Grundbegriffe
(
BARCK 2010)
p.
6.481 - 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
189
Words
雌 cí OC: tshe MC: tshiɛ 16 AttributionsWD
The current general word for a female of any species is cí 雌 (ant. xióng 雄 "male").
- Word relations
- Ant: 雄/MALE
Xióng 雄 denotes maleness, but often connotes virility, strength and domination as well. - Ant: 牡/MALE
Mǔ 牡 refers to the male of birds and beasts in purely biological terms. - Ant: 雄/MALE
Xióng 雄 denotes maleness, but often connotes virility, strength and domination as well. - Oppos: 雄/MALE
Xióng 雄 denotes maleness, but often connotes virility, strength and domination as well.
- Syntactic words
- nthe female (game; etc.); hen
- n(adN)metaphorical"female" type of the contextually determinate NDS
- n[adN]female of an animal
- nabfeaturefeminity; female role
- nadNfemale
- nadNmetaphorical"female" type of NDS
牝 pìn OC: biŋʔ MC: bin 9 AttributionsWD
Pìn 牝 (ant. mǔ 牡 "male") refers to specifically to females of animals.
- Word relations
- Oppos: 牡/MALE
Mǔ 牡 refers to the male of birds and beasts in purely biological terms.
- Syntactic words
- nthe female (horse; cow; victim, etc.)
- nabmetaphysicalfemale principle
- nadNfemale
女 nǚ OC: naʔ MC: ɳi̯ɤ 8 AttributionsWD
Nu# 女 (ant. nán 男 "male") refers specifically to human females.
- Word relations
- Ant: 男/MALE
The current general term is nán 男 (opp. nǚ 女"female) or, more administratively and technically nán zǐ 男子 (opp. nǚ zǐ 女子 "female").
- Syntactic words
- nabconceptthe biological category of the female
- nadNfemale
- nnonreferentialfemales; often specifically: unmarried and unbetrothed female
母 mǔ OC: mɯʔ MC: mu 6 AttributionsWD
Mǔ 母 (ant. gōng 公 "male") refers to adult females of some species, including spirits. NB incidentally: Mǔ jī 母雞 is current, while mǔ niǎo 母鳥 does not seem to be found.
- Syntactic words
- nadNfemale (monkey)
- nadNN=humfemale
女人 nǚ rén OC: naʔ njin MC: ɳi̯ɤ ȵin 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfemale person> woman (ancient Chinese would be 女子)
- NPadNfemale
不男 bù nán OC: pɯʔ noom MC: pi̯ut nəm 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NP[adN]hermoaphrodite, person without all male characteristics
- VPadNof non-male sex> unequipped with all the characteristic features of a male [Note that there are five kinds of such non-males, several of which are not female.]
牸 zì OC: sɡlɯs MC: dzɨ 1 AttributionWD
Zì 牸 refers to females of buffalo, but sometimes also of tiger, rhinoceros, or horse.
- Syntactic words
- nfemale of buffalo (sometimes also of tigers, rhinos and horses)
- nadNfemale of buffalo (perhaps also of tiger, rhino and horse)
凰 huáng OC: ɡʷaaŋ MC: ɦɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nfemale phoenix [SHOULD BE MOVED TO BIRDS][CA]
坤 kūn OC: khuun MC: khuo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
Kūn 坤 (ant. qián 乾 "metaphysically: male") is a metaphysical way of characterising things as belonging to the female realm. (NB incidentally and irrelevantly as a modern Chinese reflex kūn biǎo 坤錶 "women's watch".)
- Syntactic words
鯢 ní OC: ŋee MC: ŋei 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nfemale whale ???
鴦 yāng OC: qaŋ MC: ʔi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nfemale mandarin duck [See also BIRDS,DOMESTIC][CA]
雌牝 cí pìn OC: tshe biŋʔ MC: tshiɛ bin 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeaturethe female principle
Existing SW for
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