PROVE  證明驗

EXPLAIN CLEARLY WHY a SENTENCE is TRUE.EXPLAIN CLEARLY WHY a SENTENCE is CERTAINLY TRUE.
PROOFEVIDENCEVERIFICATIONCORROBORATIONAUTHENTICATIONCONFIRMATIONCERTIFICATIONDOCUMENTATIONVALIDATIONATTESTATIONSUBSTANTIATION.SHOW (TO BE TRUE)DEMONSTRATE (THE TRUTH OF)SHOW BEYOND DOUBTMANIFESTPRODUCE PROOF/EVIDENCEWITNESS TOGIVE SUBSTANCE TODETERMINESUBSTANTIATECORROBORATEVERIFYRATIFYVALIDATEAUTHENTICATEDOCUMENTBEAR OUTCONFIRMFORMAL EVINCE
Hypernym
  • EXPLAINDISCUSS so as to CAUSE something to BECOME MORE CLEAR.
    • DISCUSSSPEAK SYSTEMATICALLY on something, BASING oneself on INVESTIGATION AND REFLECTION.
      • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z.
        • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision....
See also
  • CHECKINVESTIGATE the TRUTH of a SENTENCE:statement.
    Hyponym
    • REFUTE　PROVE that something is NOT TRUE.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current general word for, often decisive, proof or evidence is yàn 驗, but the word does not refer to a discursive elabarate logical proof as one might expect to find in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition.

      2. Zhēng 徵 refers to evidence or symptomatic indications that something is the case.

      3. Zheng 證 refers to a facting bearing witness that a certain proposition is true.

      黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
      HUANG JINGUI 2006

      SACRIFICE 28. 應驗、驗證。

      徵，強調與徵兆相合。

      效，用事實驗證。

      證，用事實驗證，更強調實情，程度深。應，指天道應驗。

      驗，指人事相符。

      符，多指驗證的密合無間，相合若符。

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      證明 is the current modern word for a proof or justification of a statement.

      說明 is an informal word referring to a fact proving the truth of a statement.

      證實 focusses on the truth of what is proved.

      證驗 focusses on the evidence provided.

      驗證 focusses on the evidence provided.

      印證 focusses on historical evidence as proof.

      應驗 refers to a statement being borne out and thus proved true by current facts.

      證

      征

      真憑實据 (lit) refers to an irrefutable proof.

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 464

        APODEIXIS

        demonstratio rei tam certa et evidens, ut contradici non possit.

        Reqvisita. 1. Principiorum sufficientia. 2. Collocatio evidens, ut ex praemissis immediate nascantur seqventia. 3. Attentio plena.

        621

        PROBATIO est sententiae affirmatae, et aliquo in dubium vocatae demonstratio per Sensus, aut rationes, aut testimonia.

        Ax. In dubiis nihil dicit, qvi nihil probat. Insufficienter dicit Qvi insufficienter probat. Com non probatur, tantum creditur. Falsum nihil probat.

        Modi: 1. Sensificatio. 2. Ratiocinatio. 3. Testificatio sive testatio.

      • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 467

        ARGUMENTATIO

      • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 505

        DEMONSTRATIO est rei incertae visae tam certa probatio, ut videndo videri et palpitando palpari possit.

        Long discussion. Not of great interest.

      • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 106

      • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 70

      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 183

      • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1.882

      • Grundbegriffe der altchinesischen Philosophie ( UNGER 2000) p. 2

      • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 480

      • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

        arguo, -ere 'to show- affirm' [v. Ill; ppp. argutum] (P1.+)

        Derivatives: <3rgwtoI(Naev.+) 'clever; producing sharp or clear sounds', argutiae

        (P1.+) 'sophistry, cleverness', argumentum (P1.+) 'proof, argument'.

      Words

      效  xiào OC: ɡreews MC: ɦɣɛu 49 AttributionsWD

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 驗/PROVE The current general word for, often decisive, proof or evidence is yàn 驗, but the word does not refer to a discursive elabarate logical proof as one might expect to find in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition.
      • Synon: 驗/PROVE The current general word for, often decisive, proof or evidence is yàn 驗, but the word does not refer to a discursive elabarate logical proof as one might expect to find in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition.
      • Synon: 驗/PROVE The current general word for, often decisive, proof or evidence is yàn 驗, but the word does not refer to a discursive elabarate logical proof as one might expect to find in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition.

        Syntactic words
      • nabfactualmanifest proof, manifest evidence; a fact that can serve as evidence; symptom, indication; visible sign; proof in practice; proof
      • vadNproviding decisive proof (one ex. in LH, which has got lost)
      • vtoNprove, give proof of; prove the truth of (words); also: give proof of an ability one has 何以效之 ？
      • vtoNpassivebe proven
      • vtoNstativebe a symptom for, indicate strongly
      • vtoSprove that S
      • vtt(oN.)+V[0]prove that the contextually determinate subject is PREDICATING
      徵  zhēng OC: tɯŋ MC: ʈɨŋ 23 AttributionsWD

      Zhēng 徵 refers to evidence or symptomatic indications that something is the case.

      • Grundbegriffe der altchinesischen Philosophie ( UNGER 2000) p. 2

        Syntactic words
      • nabfactualsymptom, indication, external signs; proofs, verifications
      • vt(oN)provide good evidence for the contextually determinate object; confirm
      • vt+prep+Nappeal to as proof
      • vtoNdemonstrate; prove (e.g. one's goodness); provide good evidence for; be true to (one's word)
      • vtoNN=evidenceadduce as proof; appeal to as evidence
      • vtoNpassivebe proved to exist
      驗  yàn OC: ŋɡroms MC: ŋiɛm 19 AttributionsWD

      The current general word for, often decisive, proof or evidence is yàn 驗, but the word does not refer to a discursive elabarate logical proof as one might expect to find in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition.

        Word relations
      • Result: 參/CHECK The current standard word for cross-checking and veryfying a statement is cān 參 which refers to the cross-checking of a public statement against the realities it claims to refer to.
      • Assoc: 效/PROVE
      • Synon: 效/PROVE
      • Synon: 效/PROVE

        Syntactic words
      • nabfactualclear evidence for the truth of a proposition
      • vadNbased on factsCH
      • vt(oN)prove a contextually determinate point
      • vtoNprove the truth of
      • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
      • vtoNpassivebe proved by, be borne out by (facts)
      證  zhèng OC: tjɯŋs MC: tɕɨŋ 6 AttributionsWD

      Zhèng 證 refers to a facting bearing witness that a certain proposition is true.

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 定/FIX The current general word for fixing something in any objective and interpersonal way, concrete or abstract is dìng 定.

        Syntactic words
      • nabfactualproof; evidence, manifest evidence
      • vtoNcausativemake true
      推  tuī OC: kh-luul MC: thuo̝i
      推  chuī OC: khljul MC: tɕhi 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNdeduce (sometimes also more concretely: calculate ??)
      • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
      • vtoSlogicpush > deduce that, have proven that
      證據  zhèng jù OC: tjɯŋs klas MC: tɕɨŋ ki̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPt(oN)provide one's evidence for contextually determinate matter at hand [DCD, GUOYUCIDIAN]
      • VPt(oN)imperativelet him provide proof for the contextually determinate matter!
      明  míng OC: mraŋ MC: mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNPab{S}explain the truth of; prove that S
      跡  jì, jī OC: sklaɡ MC: tsiɛk 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabfactualmanifest visible proof
      現驗  xiàn yàn OC: ɡeens ŋɡroms MC: ɦen ŋiɛm 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNpassivebe clearly proven, be clearly in evidence
      證佐  zhèng zuǒ OC: tjɯŋs skaals MC: tɕɨŋ tsɑ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabfactualevidence
      證明  zhèng míng OC: tjɯŋs mraŋ MC: tɕɨŋ mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPt(oN)prove the contextually determinate point N
      信稟  xìn bǐng OC: sins prɯmʔ MC: sin pim 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPproof

      Existing SW for

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