READ    讀讀

LOOK at AND UNDERSTAND a DOCUMENT.
PERUSESTUDYSCRUTINIZELOOK THROUGHPORE OVERBE ABSORBED INRUN ONE'S EYE OVERCAST AN EYE OVERLEAF THROUGHSCANFLICK THROUGHSKIM THROUGHTHUMB THROUGH.DECIPHERMAKE OUTMAKE SENSE OFINTERPRETUNDERSTAND
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for reading out a written text (there was probably no silent reading in pre-Buddhist China) was dú 讀. See Platform Sutra Tanjing 2.8.4 for a nice example. NB: reciting texts for oneself was a way of studying these, so that by Han times the word sometimes came close to meaning "study". 2. Lǎn 覽, guān 觀, and dǔ 睹 can occasionally refer to the running one's eyes over a text (probably mumbling it in the process, but there is no evidence whatever to substantiate this assumption) and thus reading it. 3. Jiàn 見 can occasionally refer to the looking at a text to see what it says. 4. Fēng 諷 refers to the current practise of reading a certain text.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 EDUCATION 13. 諷，無書而讀，即背誦，中古以後引申出誦讀義。 誦，按一定的節奏念讀，引申為背誦。 讀，本指研習，引申為閱讀，通稱。 詠，對詩文的曼聲長吟。 吟，誦讀時帶有明顯的抑揚頓挫，常用於詩歌的吟唱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
閱讀 看 朗讀 is a polite current word for reading something out. 宣讀 focusses on public reading for others to listen to. 誦讀 focusses on the text read having a certain elevated status. 朗誦 focusses on the text read being poetry. 諷誦 refers to formal recitation. 誦 讀 念 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
  • CHANTSING POETRY OR PROSE CONFORMING to a SIMPLE MELODY, NOT CONFORMING TO SONG MELODY.
Hypernym
  • LOOK　TRY to SEE. (anc: 13/0, child: 13)
  • TRY　ACT, BUT DOUBT WHETHER one WILL be SUCCESSFUL ACTING. (anc: 12/0, child: 9)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 18.52

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 233

    335. Inter Legere et lectitare. Legere ad tempus refertur, lectitare ad frequentiam. Interdum et legere nauticum verbum est, quia et navis dicitur legere quidquid transit.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 210

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    LECTIO

    PRONUNCIATIO

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.2378

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 758

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1303

    讀，誦

    1. WL claims that 都有誦讀義. But in pre-Buddhist times to so4ng 誦 is not to read and intone but to recite.

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 345

  • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

  • Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography ( ROBERTS 1998) p. 765

    • Words (13 items)

    讀  dú OC: ɡ-looɡ MC: duk 34 Attributions

    The general word for reading (which was probably never silent reading in pre-Buddhist China) was dú 讀. NB: reciting texts for oneself was a way of studying these, so that by Han times the word sometimes came close to meaning "study".

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 誦/CHANT The current word for chanting poetry in a deeply emotional manner for the benefit of others is yǒng 詠;
    • Contrast: 觀/READ Lǎn 覽, guān 觀, and dǔ 睹 can occasionally refer to the running one's eyes over a text (probably mumbling it in the process, but there is no evidence whatever to substantiate this assumption) and thus reading it.
    • Contrast: 誦/CHANT The current word for chanting poetry in a deeply emotional manner for the benefit of others is yǒng 詠;
    • Contrast: 諷/READ Fěng 諷 refers to the current practise of reading a certain text.
    • Contrast: 頌/CHANT
    • Assoc: 觀/READ Lǎn 覽, guān 觀, and dǔ 睹 can occasionally refer to the running one's eyes over a text (probably mumbling it in the process, but there is no evidence whatever to substantiate this assumption) and thus reading it.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)read out the contextually determinate (sometimes: 對我 for me)
    • vt[oN]read texts (more or less) aloud for oneself
    • vtoNread out, recite or at least mumble (usually prose); pronounce cf. even Jin Yong: 讀給他聽。　聽清客讀了，很感興味。
    覽  lǎn OC: ɡ-raamʔ MC: lɑm 21 Attributions

    Lǎn 覽, guān 觀, and dǔ 睹 can occasionally refer to the running one's eyes over a text (probably mumbling it in the process, but there is no evidence whatever to substantiate this assumption) and thus reading it.

      Syntactic words
    • viactengage in reading
    • vt(oN)read the contextually determinate text
    • vtoNTo survey from above, synoptically and without attention to detail, taking in a scene in a sweep> to peruse a text in a cursory manner.
    讀書  dú shū OC: ɡ-looɡ qhlja MC: duk ɕi̯ɤ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactreading; study of books
    • VPiactread out books intensively; study by reading books out
    看  kàn OC: khaans MC: khɑn 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)read the contextually determinate text
    • vtoNread
    念  niàn OC: mɢlɯɯms MC: nem 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto read aloud; to recite
    讀誦  dú sòng OC: ɡ-looɡ sɢloŋs MC: duk zi̯oŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactreciting
    • VPt(oN)read out aloud
    • VPtoNrecite
    睹  dǔ OC: k-laaʔ MC: tuo̝ 3 Attributions

    Lǎn 覽, guān 觀, and dǔ 睹 can occasionally refer to the running one's eyes over a text (probably mumbling it in the process, but there is no evidence whatever to substantiate this assumption) and thus reading it.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNread
    觀  guān OC: koon MC: kʷɑn 2 Attributions

    Lǎn 覽, guān 觀, and dǔ 睹 can occasionally refer to the running one's eyes over a text (probably mumbling it in the process, but there is no evidence whatever to substantiate this assumption) and thus reading it.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 讀/READ The general word for reading (which was probably never silent reading in pre-Buddhist China) was dú 讀. NB: reciting texts for oneself was a way of studying these, so that by Han times the word sometimes came close to meaning "study".
    • Assoc: 讀/READ The general word for reading (which was probably never silent reading in pre-Buddhist China) was dú 讀. NB: reciting texts for oneself was a way of studying these, so that by Han times the word sometimes came close to meaning "study".

      Syntactic words
    • viactread texts
    • vtoNglance at, look over, read through
    諷  fěng OC: plums MC: puŋ 1 Attribution

    Fěng 諷 refers to the current practise of reading a certain text.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 讀/READ The general word for reading (which was probably never silent reading in pre-Buddhist China) was dú 讀. NB: reciting texts for oneself was a way of studying these, so that by Han times the word sometimes came close to meaning "study".

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhabitread habitually
    摩  mó OC: maal MC: mʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabactleafing through (a document)
    見  jiàn OC: keens MC: ken 0 Attributions

    Jiàn 見 can occasionally refer to the looking at a text to see what it says.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlook over, read
    過  guò OC: klools MC: kʷɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han: run over (with one's eyes)
    籀  zhòu OC: rliwɡs MC: ɖɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrecite, read aloud