LONELY    寂寞

SAD BECAUSE one is ALONE.
ISOLATEDALONELONESOMEFRIENDLESSWITH NO ONE TO TURN TOFORSAKENABANDONEDREJECTEDUNLOVEDUNWANTEDOUTCASTGLOOMYSADDEPRESSEDDESOLATEFORLORNCHEERLESSDOWNBLUE.SOLITARYUNACCOMPANIEDLONEBY ONESELF/ITSELFCOMPANIONLESS
Modern Chinese Criteria
寂寞 落寞 寂寥 岑寂 枯寂 寂寂 索寞 孤寂 寥落 凄涼 孤立 孤獨 孤單 孤零零 离群索居 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
  • ALONEBE ONLY ONE AND NOT TOGETHER WITH OTHERS.  
Hypernym
  • SAD　DISTRESS ARISING from BAD THOUGHTS NOW IN ONE'S MIND which CAUSE one to LACK DELIGHT:joy.NB: The words I have chosen to include in this group pose special problems of contrastive analysis. There is something irretrievably diffuse about their usage, in many cases, and in many others the number of relevant examples in the early literature is so small that it is impossible to get anything like a firm grip on their precise semantics. Under these circumstances I have tried to compensate for lack of neat analysis with more quotation, especially from Chǔcí. Throughout this section I quote my teacher David Hawkes' translations, mindful of the fact that many of these were written in the third year of his study of Chinese... (anc: 13/0, child: 7)
  • DISTRESS　FEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD. (anc: 12/0, child: 5)
  • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SOLITUDE

    solitudo refers to the solitude of a place, indifferently or with praise.

    desertus refers to a place as uninhabited.

    tescus refers to lonely places where an awful stillness reigns.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    SOLITUDO

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.869

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.407

    EINSAMKEIT

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 144

  • Thesaurus proverbiorum medii aevi ( SINGER 2002) p. 1.59

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 79B

    • Words (6 items)

    孤  gū OC: kʷaa MC: kuo̝ 19 Attributions

    Gū 孤 (ant. zhòng 眾 "as a large group", but this lacks the emotional nuance of the counterpart) tends to connote feelings of loneliness and/or of being bereaved or suffering under the absence of associates in the place where one is. [NEGATIVE+]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 特/ALONE Tè 特 "alone" (etymologically related to dān 單) is abstract and conceptual and often emphasises the positively valued absence of other members in a general set. [POSITIVE!]
    • Relat: 鄰/NEIGHBOUR The standard word for a neighbour is lín 鄰.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNisolated, without support; lonely; solitary
    • vadVsolitarily
    • vibe isolated; be without relations to others
    • vtoNcausativeisolate
    曠  kuàng OC: khʷaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNlonely
    • vibe lonelyDS
    寂寞  jì mò OC: sɡlɯɯwɡ maaɡ MC: dzek mɑk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPifeel lonely; feel desolate
    煢  qióng OC: ɡʷleŋ MC: giɛŋ
    惸  qióng OC: ɡʷleŋ MC: giɛŋ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 獨/ALONE Dú 獨 (ant. ǒu 偶 "as a pair") usually has no nuances of loneliness, but can sometimes come to connote an intense feeling of personal uniqueness. (LAO) [GENERAL], [NEGATIVE!]

      Syntactic words
    • vibe alone and without anyone to turn to for support; stand-offish, aloof
    • vi.redintensitivebe all alone
    伶俜  líng pīng OC: ɡ-reeŋ phleeŋ MC: leŋ pheŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe lonely, be at a loss; be forlorn
    獨  dú OC: dooɡ MC: duk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifeel alone