CIRCLE    圈子

PERFECTLY ROUND FLAT SHAPE.
RINGBANDHOOPCIRCLETHALODISC
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The common general term for a circle is yuán 員 / 圓. 2. Zhōu 周 refers to an irregular circle shape; it is used for a length of perimeter of a circle. 3. Huán 環 refers to an irregular circle shape; it is used for an area surrounded by a circle. 4. Tuán 摶 is a word for a circle that was in use in a southern state of >Chǔ 楚. 5. Guī 規 occasionally refers to a standard round shape, but the word is seldom used in this sense.
Modern Chinese Criteria
圈子 圓圈 圈 周 匝 旋 環 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • SURROUND　PRODUCE the SHAPE of a CIRCLE AROUND something, OFTEN what one ATTACKS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
See also
  • RINGORNAMENT in the form of a PERFECTLY ROUND SMALL STICK, TYPICALLY PRODUCED USING METAL OR JADE.
Hypernym
  • SHAPE　APPEARANCE of the PLACE something is in, as PERCEIVED by the EYES, DISREGARDING the SUBJECTIVITY of the APPEARANCE. (anc: 5/0, child: 13)
  • APPEARANCE　CLEAR:visible BUT SUBJECTIVELY PERCEIVED FEATURES. (anc: 4/0, child: 6)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 12.82

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    CIRCLE

    orbis refers to a circular motion, and the periphery described by it.

    circulus refers to a circular level plain as such.

    gyrus refers to a curved and especially a serpentine line.

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 261

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 4.1211

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 103

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    • Words (8 items)

    圓  yuán OC: ɢon MC: ɦiɛn 5 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: circle; particularly surface of a circle or in technical mathematical terminology "disk".LIU HUI 1.32 故以半周乘半徑而為圓冪 "Therefore with the half of the circumference one multiplies half of the diameter and thus arrives at the area of the circle."
    • nsubjecta circle; something round
    周  zhōu OC: tjɯw MC: tɕɨu 2 Attributions

    Zhōu 周 refers to an irregular circle shape; it is used for a length of perimeter of a circle.

      Syntactic words
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003: circumference of a circle. By extension the term may refer to the circumferences of an annulus/ring or circular tube or a segment of sphere. LIU HUI 1.32 故以半周乘半徑而為圓冪 "Therefore with the half of the circumference one multiplies half of the diameter and thus arrives at the area of the circle." (There are plenty of earlier examples.)JIUZHANG 1.33 今有宛田，下周三十步，徑十六步。 "Suppose there is an yuan4 (i.e. segment-of-the-sphere) "field" pattern, its lower circumference is 30 paces, and its diameter is 16 paces."JZ 1.32, Li Chunfeng's comm: 是二六相乘，除周自乘之數 "Thus the product of two and six divides the quantity of the square of the circumference."JIUZHANG 1.37 今有環田，中周九十二步，外周一百二十二步，徑五步。 "Suppose there is a "field" pattern in the shape of a ring, and its inner circumference is 92 paces, its outer circumference is 122 paces, and its diameter is five paces." (NB: The outer circumference is at the outside of the ring, and the inner circumference is at the inside of the ring.)
    • vadNcircularLZ
    • vadVin circles; circulating
    摶  tuán OC: doon MC: dʷɑn 2 Attributions

    Tuán 摶 is a word for a circle that was in use in a southern state of >Chǔ 楚.

      Syntactic words
    • vicirculate; move in circles
    • vtoNcausativecause to be round> to roll into a ball
    環  huán OC: ɡʷraan MC: ɦɣan 2 Attributions

    Huán 環 refers to an irregular circle shape; it is used for an area surrounded by a circle.

      Syntactic words
    • ncircle; ring; center of circle
    循環  xún huán MC: zwin hwaen OC: sɢlun ɡʷraan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabcircleDS
    規  guī OC: kʷe MC: kiɛ 0 Attributions

    Guī 規 occasionally refers to a standard round shape, but the word is seldom used in this sense.

      Syntactic words
    員  yuán OC: ɢon MC: ɦiɛn
    圓  yuán OC: ɢon MC: ɦiɛn 0 Attributions

    The common general term for a circle is yuán 員/圓.

      Syntactic words
    • ncircle
    團圓  tuán yuán OC: doon ɢon MC: dʷɑn ɦiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPcircle