CROSS OVER    度過過

WALK ACROSS something.
TRAVEL ACROSSTRAVERSERANGE OVERNEGOTIATENAVIGATE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general current word for crossing over something is guò 過. 2. Dù 渡 typically refers to crossing water by foot or boat, and the word became exceedingly common from Han times onwards. 3. Shè 涉 typically refers to crossing water by foot. 4. Jīng 經 typically refers to crossing or passing through territory. 5. Lì 歷 refers to passing through territories or time spans. For the latter meaning the character 曆 came to be used in later times. 6. Yuè 越 and chāo 超 refer to leaping or striding across something. See also LEAP OVER 7. Kuà 跨 refers to striding across something, see LEAP OVER. 8. Jué 絕 refers in a somewhat elevated style to crossing a river or a desert by any means of transport. 9. Fàn 犯 refers to managing to get across something that is hard to cross, but this usage is rare. 10. Háng 杭／航 is an ancient word for crossing a river by ferry.
Modern Chinese Criteria
渡河 渡江 擺渡 渡 涉 refers to wading through a river, typically at a ford. 越過 穿過 通過 穿 過 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • THROUGH　CROSSING OVER OR USING AS A WAY, GOING INTO AND LEAVING. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • TRANSCEND　CROSS OVER ABSTRACTLY AND GO OUTSIDE:beyond. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • WALK　MOVE across the FLOOR>ground USING one's LEGS. (anc: 11/0, child: 16)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 12.77

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 274

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 603

    渡，度

    1. It is indeed striking that in pre-Qin times the the verb for to cross was always written du4 度. But from Han times onwards du4 渡 was already very common. This does indicate that some of the orthography of the older texts does retain ancient features of the writing system, even in the received literature.

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 458

    • Words (29 items)

    渡  dù OC: ɡ-laaɡs MC: duo̝
    度  dù OC: ɡ-laaɡs MC: duo̝ 36 Attributions

    Dù 渡 typically refers to crossing water by foot or boat, and the word became exceedingly common from Han times onwards.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)cross over the contextually determinate place
    • vt+prep+Ncrooss over; ferry over
    • vtoNcross river by boat or ferry; derived general sense: to cross (also by foot at a ford)
    • vtoNN=placecross over to (the target place)
    • vtoNN=timepass through (some number of years etc)
    • vtoNpassivebe crossed 不可渡
    • vttoN1.+N2permissiveallow N1 to get across the contextually determinate N2
    過  guò OC: klools MC: kʷɑ 32 Attributions

    The most general current word for crossing over something is guò 過.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)get across a contextually determinate place N
    • vt0oNfigurativeit goes past (an appointed time) 過期 "it went past the appointed time, the appointed time passed"; spend (time)
    • vtoNguo1: cross over (a river, a bridge); transgress (a territory); pass through; pass by (a place or a person) PRONOUNCIATION!
    • vtoNfigurativecross over a time period > spend (a day; one's days)
    • vtoNobject=goalto cross over to
    濟  jì OC: tsiils MC: tsei 28 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)cross over a contextually determinate place; cut across
    • vt+prep+Nbe cutting across (See AC Graham on hu)CH
    • vtoNgo across, try to get across; traverse, succeed to get across
    越  yuè OC: ɢʷad MC: ɦi̯ɐt 12 Attributions

    Yuè 越, yú 逾/踰, and chāo 超 refer to leaping or striding across something. See JUMP

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativecross over > go beyond the (categorial) borders of, go beyond
    • vtoNleap over, leap across (an obstacle); generally: cross (a road etc.; a border); go beyond
    涉  shè OC: djeb MC: dʑiɛp 10 Attributions

    Shè 涉 typically refers to crossing water by foot.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)wade across the contextually determinate object
    • vtoNwade across
    • vtoNfigurativecome to touch upon the topic of, come to relate to
    • vtoNpassivebe crossed
    經  jīng OC: keeŋ MC: keŋ 9 Attributions

    Jīng 經 typically refers to crossing or passing through territory.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 歷/CROSS OVER Lì 歷 refers to passing through territories or time spans. For the latter meaning the character 曆 came to be used in later times.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactpassage through somewhere
    • vt+prep+Npass through (a time N)
    • vt+prep+NN=placecross over, pass through
    • vtoNpass through; cut through
    歷  lì OC: reeɡ MC: lek 8 Attributions

    Lì 歷 refers to passing through territories or time spans. For the latter meaning the character 曆 came to be used in later times.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nto pass through
    • vtoNto pass through
    • vtoNfigurativepass through (stages, ranks potential supporters)
    絕  jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 8 Attributions

    Jué 絕 refers in a somewhat elevated style to crossing a river or a desert by any means of transport.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcross (river); traverse
    • vtoNderivedrun across, disruptCH
    徙  xǐ OC: selʔ MC: siɛ 7 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Synon: 歷/CROSS OVER Lì 歷 refers to passing through territories or time spans. For the latter meaning the character 曆 came to be used in later times.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Ncross over, move across
    • vtoNcross over, move across
    超  chāo OC: khrlew MC: ʈhiɛu 5 Attributions

    Yuè 越, yú 逾/踰, and chāo 超 refer to leaping or striding across something. See JUMP

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNjump over (the sea); pass over; jump on
    • vtoNfigurativecross over > transcend, go beyond, get passed
    踰  yú MC: yu OC: lo 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabjumping over (walls, as a thief)CH
    • vtoNjump across; get across; crossLZ
    透  tòu OC: lʰoos MC: thu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpass through; penetrate through
    馮  píng OC: brɯŋ MC: bɨŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNwalk across
    杭  háng OC: ɡaaŋ MC: ɦɑŋ
    肮  háng OC: ɡaaŋ MC: ɦɑŋ 2 Attributions

    Háng 杭／航 is an ancient word for crossing a river by ferry.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNSHI: cross by ferry
    橫  héng OC: ɡʷraaŋ MC: ɦɣaŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVgoing straight across
    • vt[oN]go diagonally across things; take a new directionCH
    • vtoNcross horizontally; go diagonally across
    • vtoNstativelie horizontally across
    透過  tòu guò OC: lʰoos klools MC: thu kʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativepass through
    越度  yuè dù OC: ɢʷad ɡ-laaɡs MC: ɦi̯ɐt duo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNgo across, get across (mountains and rivers)
    通過  tōng guò OC: kh-looŋ klools MC: thuŋ kʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcross over to, stretch over to
    衝  chōng MC: -- OC: thjoŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNderived=衡?? One is tempted to follow 于省吾：「衝絕」不詞，「衝」當爲「衡」字 disrupt 待考CH
    躔  chán OC: dan MC: ɖiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativetread upon and pass through
    逾  yú OC: lo MC: ji̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNgo across, cross over
    亂  luàn OC: ɡ-roons MC: lʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Ncross against the current 亂于河
    • vtoNcross (river etc) against the current
    交  jiāo OC: kreew MC: kɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabfeatureintersection
    • vi2intersect, crisscross
    厲  lì OC: b-rads MC: liɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNwade across with one's clothes on
    徙去  xǐ qù OC: selʔ khas MC: siɛ khi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativecross over
    犯  fàn OC: bomʔ MC: bi̯ɐm 1 Attribution

    Fàn 犯 refers to managing to get across something that is hard to cross, but this usage is rare.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmanage to get across; get across
    經過  jīng guò OC: keeŋ klools MC: keŋ kʷɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)pass by the contextually determinate place[CA]
    凌  líng OC: b-rɯŋ MC: lɨŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcross over 渡過；逾越。 《戰國策·燕策》：“ 胡 與 越 人言語不相知，志意不相通，同舟而凌波，至其相救助如一也。”
    津  jīn OC: tsin MC: tsin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nadNferry- (man)
    • vtoNcross in a ford or shallow place in the river; cross by ferry