HOPE    希望願

DESIRE that a FUTURE EVENT HAPPENS, OR BASIC DESIRE TO ACT in a certain NOT CERTAINLY POSSIBLE way.
EXPECTANTICIPATELOOK FORBE HOPEFUL OFPIN ONE'S HOPES ONWANTWISH FORLONG FORDREAM OF
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for a hope (rather than a wish) yuàn 願 (ant. kǒng 恐 "be very much afraid that"), but the word is rather formal and often tends to express a hope regarding what someone else (typically of higher status) might do. 2. Yù 欲 (ant. kǒng 恐？ “be terrified by the thought of", is very commonly used as a general word for an emotionally intense hope that is currently entertained. (The cases where the word clearly invites translation as "hope" and cannot be rendered as "desire" or "wish" are in the hundreds.) 3. Jì 冀 (ant. jù 懼 "fear") typically refers to an unrealistic or distant precarious hope concerning one's own future or other person's future actions. 4. Wàng 望 "look forward to" refers to a hope regarding realistic external events, and not necessary actions by any person, and the word tends to refer to a more realistic concrete hope and expectation than the equally current yuàn 願.5. Qī 期 is a definitive realistic hope, often related to one's own future actions. 6. Xìng 幸 "hope to be so lucky to find that" (ant. wèi 畏 "fear") is part of polite court speech and refers to a high hope presented as not strongly realistic.NB: Pàn 盼 is post-Han.
Modern Chinese Criteria
蘇新春，《現代漢語分類詞典》2008　 郭大方，《現代漢語動詞分類詞典》1998本类收表示心里想着达到某种目的或出现某种情况意义的动词。如"希望"、"盼望"等。 希望 HOPE 心里想着达到某 种目的或出现某种情况。例①我 〜我最终能说服自己。（马原＜虚 构力②您爱我，因为我是您的儿 子，但〜您把这爱推及广大受苦 的人们……（刘心武《名门之 后＞） 冀　literary: be full of hope 希望；希图。例：老俩口 把全部精力用在小儿子身上，～ ，其成功，光宗耀祖。 觊「希望,希图。此义做动词 时，一般不单独使用，常组成"觊觎"。 企　hope eagerly for 原义为抬起脚后跟站着， 现引申为盼望。此义做动词时， 一般不单独使用，常组成"企 盼"、"企望"等。 希 formal: hope (for behaviour deemed appropriate) 希望。例①秦先生，你多 次违反停战令，向我们进攻，我 忍无可忍，只得痛击。今将原尸 还送，〜你以此为鉴。（马月玲 «"李向阳"的原型郭兴»）② 今天的会议很重要，〜准时参 加。 盼 desperately hope for　 盼望。例①我记不得 那个女人的模样了，可我〜着她 来，〜着马上回到她身边去。（马 原《虚构＞）②老婆是丰满体面的 一个能干娘儿们，……没城里户 口，每年一个月，眼巴巴地~他回 去。（吴滨《呜咽》） 期 hope to meet as expected　 等候所约的人，泛指等待 或盼望。此义在现代汉语中做动 词时，一般不单独使用，常组成 "期待"、"期望"。 巴望: nourish eager hopes 盼望,指望。例 ①细算一下，里外里自己还多赚 十来块，合算I李月英还〜着赶 快撵回家呢1（邓刚 «阵痛》）②他无时无刻不在〜着，~着再瞥上一眼那充满活力的影象，再听听 她那沙哑的甜甜的声音，再感觉 一下她那热乎乎的渗透心灵的手 的抚摸。（李钧龙«逃亡的情人》） 仰望 be full of grateful hope for 想 hope to be able to do something 希望:打算。例：暑 假到了，同班的几个同学弋搭伴 去北京玩几天。 注释:"想"又表示开动脑筋思索。参见"虑”类。 憧憬 long for 向往，企望。 例①在我还是个初中生的时候就 熟悉这些歌了，〜着戈壁滩上的 红柳，云南的榛胶林……（史铁 生《白色的纸帆》②夜晚，她躺 在床上，回忆着沈静溪信中的承 若，〜看未来甜美的生活。 幻想　nourish idle hopes 希望,以社会或个人的理想和愿望为依据，对 还没有实现的事物有所想象。例 ①他们~着有一个自己的居所， 享受小家庭生活的快乐。②鸡蛋 还没孵出小鸡来，就〜靠养鸡起 家，过养尊处优的生活，多半是 鸡蛋打了，幻想也跟着破灭。（吴 伯第«写作杂谈＞） 冀求 hope for the possession of 希望得到。例①这是百年不遇的风调雨顺的年景，人们〜着粮食丰收。②那好奇的 心，那更〜着热闹和愉悦的心， 是会使她不愿挂虑到一些纷扰的 事。（丁玲«阿毛姑娘＞） 冀望　place one's hope in 希望。例，他〜于第八次试验的成功，因为它关系到这八年中刻苦钻研的价值。 覬覦　nourish immoral hopes for 希望得到不应得到的东西。例①而出没无常的 狼、豹又总在暗夜中〜着羊群。 （郑义＜远村》）②果然，何玮当 秘书的事一宣布，全厂骚动，特 别那些平时对何玮无礼、或者暗 中对她有所〜的年轻人，骂新厂 长骂得很起劲，后悔当初投了他 的赞成票。（张健行（折射的信 息»） 渴盼 nourish urgent lively hopes for 急切地盼望.例：'粗鲁的小伙子，在〜的喜事临头的时候，反倒忸怩局促了。（陈忠 实 《初夏》） 渴望 nourish intense urgent hopes for 迫切地希望。例 ①为什么竟会是这样地畏畏缩缩 躲躲闪闪？不也兴奋过，喜悦过， 痛苦过，也〜过吗？（王蒙«风马牛 小说二题.史琴心》）②唯独第十 一人司马戍，他四肢服从，脑子 从来不服，使得南琥珀更〜征服 他。（朱苏进＜第三只眼＞） 渴想 have acute and intense hopes for 非常希望。例： 愈是这样，他也愈是〜着要究明 关于大哥的一切。（陈映真＜山 路＞） 恳盼 hope urgently for somebody to do something 恳切地盼望。例： 〜您能想起他来，并感到内疚。 （刘心武«银锭观山》） 力图 do everything to realise one's hope to 尽力谋求某种目的。 例，雷光之所以出了这些馒主 意，纯属顺水推舟，〜从反面给 我们制造群众舆论。（从维熙《泥 泞》） 梦想 dream of with intense hope 渴望。例①他 〜自己能有一个美丽的妻子，可 爱的女儿，温暖的家庭。②你看，连我这样的人也还在痴愚地 〜远走高飞。（巴金＜春》） 盼念 be full of hopeful thoughts for 盼望念求。例： 母亲靠近大路的枫树底下，拖长 声音嗓魂，〜儿子回家的，现在 真的如愿以偿了。（艾芜 ＜乡愁＞） 盼求 hope eagerly to obtain 盼望得到。例： 那是一种走黑路的人〜光明来临 的心情，既有焦灼，也有渴望， 更有一种凄寂、渺茫的感觉。（王 火《夜的悲歌》） 盼望　eagerly look forward to 股切地期望。 例①你好惬意呐，竟有些〜敌特 爬上岸来。（朱苏进《第三只眼》） ②他在信中表示，〜和她早日相 见一面了。（梁晓声《今夜有暴风 雪»） 期待 eagerly expect and hope for 期望等待。例① 我坐在林老师背后，兴奋地~着 谈话的开始。（林双不《江河滔 滔 》）②她颤栗地〜着更重要的变 化某一天突然发生。她究竟〜的 是什么呢？〜着一种什么意义的 变化呢？（梁晓声《今夜有暴风 雪»） 企及　eagerly hope to reach 盼望达到。例：在这 方面，为人们设想周到的程度， 是国内大量城市所不能〜的。（秦 牧《北京美事谈》） 期求 hope and expect to get 希望得到。例：春 妞儿〜地望着年轻司机。（张一弓 «春妞儿和她的小戛斯》） 期望 have hopeful expectations for 对未来的事物或 人的前途有所希望和期待。例 ①他隐隐〜那人不回答，自己才 好开枪呵!（朱苏进《第三只眼，） ②你深信着自己正在脱胎换骨， 茁壮成长，你热切地〜着将由你 承担的革命大任。（张承志＜北方 的河»） 期许　hope and expect 期望 (多用于对晚 輩）。例，如今青年人对工作和生 活的观念与老年人差距较大。很 多年轻的同志〜自己的老人理解 他们。 祈望 have an eager hopeful desire for 盼望。例：她俩 眼晴象旱了六个月，〜着下雨那 样地盯住我。（草明《倾跌》） 企待 eagerly hope for and wait for 盼望，等待。例： 我怀着满腔求教的心情〜着你。 （李乔《忆陆万美同志）） 企盼 eagerly wait for 盼望。例①是啊， 干喝的人迷恋清泉，疲劳的旅者 〜有棵大树靠一瓶。（马秋芬 ＜从 丁字街到大海 ＞）②你并不希望更 多的赞美，只希望能是一棵正宜 的云杉，~着为新疆的山村和田 野贡献自己的一点绿色。（孟晓云 «绿色的追求》） 企求 eagerly hope to acquire 希望得到。例①他 起早贪黑、废寝忘食地干，并不 〜什么，完全是为了集体和事 业，可是有些人误解他了。② 姑娘们不是在唱，从不〜掌声和 喝采。她们仿佛敞开心灵，对着 客人的耳轮娓娓诉说。（叶蔚林 «菇母山风情＞） 企图 hope to manage to 希望达到意图。例： 两百多年来，多少数学家〜给这 个猜想作出证明，都没有成功。 （徐迟«哥德巴赫猜想＞） 企望 hope for 希望。例①她供 怕他们亲近，又~他们亲 近，……（铁凝«麦秸垛＞）②四 点钟正到，两人在村内转游起 来，〜上帝赐给他们好运气。（牛 元光《谍海情仇》） 翘盼 hope for with a craned neck 抬起头盼望。 例：我一直〜着路旁出现一个奇 迹。（李希凡《金陵掇拾》） 翘望 hope for eagerly craning one's neck 仰首而望。比 喻急切盼望。例：我〜你成功。 （莫应丰 «啊，中国的文学‘’） 切盼 hope for with urgency 热切地盼望。例： 新娘的眼里露出了〜回答的神 色。（老舍«正红旗下＞） 切望 hope for with urgency 急切地盼望。 例：我本打定主意，不愿在经济 上要舅母多负担，也〜能快点学 个谋生的技能。（王莹«宝姑＞） 热望 nourish warm hopes for 热烈地盼望。例। 他们满肚子〜在我身上搜出一千 或八百大洋。（方志敏 «清贫»） 奢望 have pointless vain hopes 过高地希望。 例：他也曾〜能逮住一只松鸡或 一只狗子。（潮清«绿染塞罕坝》） 奢想 have pointless vain hopeful thoughts about 过高地希望.例：我虽然不敢〜这珍珠湖如同 神话传说中那样，水是五彩的， 天是五彩的，……可是，我的眼 前却确实展望出一幅金光灿烂的 画面.（刘健安«珍珠湖＞） 贪图 cultivate greedy hopeful designs for obtaining 极力追求，希望得到。例:我难道会〜些小利小 成？（巴人«莽秀才造反记＞） 妄想 nourish wildly unrealistic hopeful ideas about 非分地打算或 希望。例①他〜着把邻村的那个 俊妞娶过来，可人家根本就没看 上他。②最初她也没料到这个年 龄比梅宝大了十多岁的汉奸，竟 会〜做自己的女婿。（秦瘦鸥«梅 宝»） 希冀 hope to get 希望得到。例①我 们〜着对我们彻底解禁的那一 天早些到来。（从维熙«雪落黄河 静无声»）②你平时看不惯这种庸 俗作风，可碰到自身利益上，你 .又~这种东西，这不是自相矛盾 吗？（盛祖宏 ＜第八任总编）） 希图　hope to realise one's aims 希望达到某种目的。 例：他的荒唐之举只能解释为〜 侥幸使沉重的压抑得到解脱。（理 由《香港雨霏霏》） 【想往】hope very much to obtain 渴望得到。 例：他很明白自己的身份和处 境，对自己说:"你呀，凭什么条 件去茏慕她，〜她呢?"（叶蔚•林 ＜蓝蓝的木兰溪》） 想望 cultivate hopeful thoughts about 希望。例①他 还小的时候，就〜当一名军官， 指挥个千八百人打上几仗。②年 轻人总是〜幸福的。（杨朔＜黄河 之水天上来»） 向往 hope to get or achieve 希望得到或达 到（某种事物或境界）。例①辛勤 劳作的农家人〜着丰收的年景， 〜着共同富裕的生活。②他〜陆 地，〜人群，渴望听到人的声 音，有时恨不得插上双翅飞出 去。（张士敏《明灯》） 悬望 entertain hopes for 牵挂盼望。例：他~着儿媳们还能回来。（叶紫 《电网外»） 指望 hope and expect to (realistically or unrealistically) 期待,盼望。例 ①十几年中，每次探亲回来都〜 能在无意中看见你们，但每次又 都绕道而行。（史铁生《白色的纸 帆»）②他根本就不曾〜现在得到 这笔财富，可是他不幸得到了。 （高晓声《钱包》） 瞩望 nourish hopeful expectations 期望。例：父亲也还说了许多别的话，还是有点希望一生的憧憬有一天会实现，并且〜于儿子之重整家业。（茅盾 （三人行力 馨香禱祝 burn incense and pray to the gods for 欲 desire要 desire as a possibility禱 "pray for", hope very intensely for SOME MODERN CHINESE NOUNS: 指望 hope in vain for希望 HOPE盼頭 hope eagerly for想兒 ideal hope想頭 an item one hopes for巴望熬頭兒 厚望 　substantial hopes 奢望 GREEK1. Pape, Handbuch der griechischen Sprache vol. iv: Deutsch Griechisches Wörterbuch, second ed., 1900 pages, Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn, 1859 2. Fraedersdorf, English Greek Lexicon, London: Rivington's, 1856 3. Schenkl, Deutsch-Griechisches Schulwörterbuch, 5th ed. 1897 LATIN1. Georges, Deutsch-Lateinisches Handwörterbuch, aus den Quellen zusammengetragen, 2 vols, 1800 pages Leipzig: Hahnsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1839 2. Georges Édon, Dictionnaire Français-Latin, 1900 pages Paris: Eugène Belin, 1939
Antonym
See also
  • PROMISEADDRESS ANOTHER SAYING that one FUTURE:will CERTAINLY DO something DESIRED by him/her.
  • EAGERINTENSE DESIRE to ACT FOR A DEFINITE AIM.
  • HOPEDESIRE that a FUTURE EVENT HAPPENS, OR BASIC DESIRE TO ACT in a certain NOT CERTAINLY POSSIBLE way.
  • HOPEDESIRE that a FUTURE EVENT HAPPENS, OR BASIC DESIRE TO ACT in a certain NOT CERTAINLY POSSIBLE way.
Hypernym
  • DESIRE　GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO ONESELF concerning the FUTURE HAVING, CONTROLLING, or ACTING:doing SOMETHING DEFINED. (anc: 12/0, child: 11)
  • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
  • REACT　CHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something. (anc: 10/0, child: 5)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 567

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.63

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 652

    SPES...

    Conc. 1. Desiderium rei bonae absentis. 2. expectatio ejusdem (sive a a promissione, sive ab alijs causis) venturae. 3. gaudium inde conceptum, animum jucunde titillans.

    8 Axioms

    Interesting discussion of divine hope.

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 213

    513. Inter Sperare et exspectare. Exspectamus et bona et mala; speramus autem tantum bona. Miro autem modo Virgilius verbi hujus proprietatem a propria significatione secernit, dicens (Aeneid. IV): Hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem;

    dum omne quod exhorret animus rectius timere dicatur [ Al. add. quam sperare]. Sed grammatici hoc exponunt, dicentes: Sperare dixit pro timere. Quod et Lucanus distinguens ait: Liceat sperare timenti.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 81

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    SPES

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 433

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 441

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.653

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.1157

    HOFFNUNG

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 115

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 334

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 354

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.273.230

    ESPERER.ATTENDRE

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.209

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 47A

    • Words (49 items)

    願  yuàn OC: ŋɡons MC: ŋi̯ɐn 107 Attributions

    The general word for a hope or wish is yuàn 願 (ant. kǒng 恐 "be very much afraid that"), but the word tends to express a hope regarding what someone else might do.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 竊/DARE
    • Contrast: 欲 / 慾/DESIRE The dominant standard word is yù 欲 (ant. fú 弗 "refused to, would not") which refers to any concrete - and typically temporary - intention or desire of any kind, irrespective how strongly motivated it is. 欲戰 "wants to fight".

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nhope
    • nabirrealiswhatr one would have wanted to V
    • vadVfull of hopeLZ
    • vt+V[0]hope that; wish one could; wish one could have; aspire to; would like to
    • vt+V[0]V=passivehope to be V-ed
    • vt[0]+V[0]politeI hope to V; it is my hope that I may VCH
    • vt[0]oS(I) hope that S 願君熟圖之; also contrafactual wishes: Latin: utinam, I wish I could
    • vt[oN]be full of things ????
    • vtoNgraded(very much etc) hope for (something) 願之，　臣之所甚願
    • vtoNPab{S}hope that S 願陛下之幸熟圖之
    • vtoSI hope that S; I wish it were possible that S
    • vtt(oN.)+V[0]hope that the contextually determinate N will V
    望  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ
    望  (wáng) OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 71 Attributions

    Wàng 望 "look forward to" always refers to a hope regarding external events, and not necessary actions by any person, and moreover wàng 望 tends to refer to a more realistic concrete hope and expectation than yuàn 願.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 冀/HOPE Jì 冀 (ant. jù 懼 "fear") typically refers to an unrealistic or distant hope concerning one's own future or other person's future actions.
    • Synon: 冀/HOPE Jì 冀 (ant. jù 懼 "fear") typically refers to an unrealistic or distant hope concerning one's own future or other person's future actions.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.t:post-N雲霓之望“hope regarding the clouds" hope regarding NCH
    • nabnegativevain hopes
    • nabpsychhope 絕望"discontinue hopes, cut off hopes"; 失望 "lose one's hope"
    • nobjectthe object of hope
    • viactnourish (vain) hopes
    • vt+prep+Nplace one's (vain) hopes in
    • vt+V[0]hope to V
    • vto.S1adS2hope that if S1 then S2CH
    • vtoNlook out for> hope for, look forward to in the future; place one's hopes in (a person or thing) N
    • vtoNPab{S}to hope that (something will take place), nourish vain hopes that S
    • vtoS望子成龍 "hope that one's son becomes a 'dragon'": hope that S
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2hope for N1 from N2
    冀  jì OC: krɯls MC: ki 37 Attributions

    Jì 冀 (ant. jù 懼 "fear") typically refers to an unrealistic or distant hope concerning one's own future or other person's future actions.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 望 / 望/HOPE Wàng 望 "look forward to" always refers to a hope regarding external events, and not necessary actions by any person, and moreover wàng 望 tends to refer to a more realistic concrete hope and expectation than yuàn 願.
    • Synon: 望 / 望/HOPE Wàng 望 "look forward to" always refers to a hope regarding external events, and not necessary actions by any person, and moreover wàng 望 tends to refer to a more realistic concrete hope and expectation than yuàn 願.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhope 無冀
    • viactnourish (typically vain or distant or unrealistic(HF)) hopes
    • vt+V[0]hope (often vainly, unrealistically) to; hope against hope to
    • vtoNhave high hopes for; hope (often unrealistically) for; have any realistic hope forCH
    • vtoNPab{S}look forward to S; hope that
    • vtoNpassivebe hoped for 可冀
    • vtoShope (diffidently) that S (where S may have an implicit subject, but that subject is not the hoper)
    • vtoV[0]realistichope toCH
    • vtoV[0]unrealistichope (unrealistically, in another world)CH
    唯願  wéi yuàn OC: k-lul ŋɡons MC: ji ŋi̯ɐn
    惟願  wéi yuàn OC: k-lul ŋɡons MC: ji ŋi̯ɐn 31 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]hope to V
    • VPt[0]+V[0'](I) only wish that (you) V
    • VPt[0]oSI/we only/probably unrealistically hope that S (almost like: I sincerely hope that...)
    欲  yù OC: k-loɡ MC: ji̯ok 25 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]fervently hope to; would dearly like to (what you are not sure to be able to achieve)
    • vtoNPab{S}hope that SCH
    • vtoShope for S to become trueCH
    • vtoV[0]unrealistichave（vain) hopes toCH
    期  qī OC: ɡɯ MC: gɨ 14 Attributions

    Qī 期 is to agree on a common future course of action which one hopes to engage in. See PROMISE.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nhope for and work towards 期於LSCQ: hope for (in accordance with agreement or preparation); count on
    • vtoNhope for; place one's hope and expectation in
    • vtoNpassivebe hoped forDS
    • vtoShope that
    • vtoV(0)hope for and work towards V-ingCH
    唯  wéi OC: k-lul MC: ji 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNPab{S}hope that SCH
    • vtoSnourish the humble hope that; hope politely
    將  qiāng MC: -- OC: -- 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoV[0]hope to; hoping toCH
    幸  xìng OC: ɢreeŋʔ MC: ɦɣɛŋ 7 Attributions

    Xìng 幸 "hope to be so lucky that" (ant. wèi 畏 "fear") is part of polite court speech.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[0]+V[0]hope for unrealistically, engage in wishful thinking; imagine enthusiastically 幸勿見怪-like examples; gamble on
    • vt[0]oS(I) hope that S
    • vtoNab{S}hope for the situation S by chance to arise
    僥幸  jiǎo xìng OC: keewʔ ɢreeŋʔ MC: keu ɦɣɛŋ
    幸  xìng OC: ɢreeŋʔ MC: ɦɣɛŋ
    僥倖  jiǎo xìng OC: keewʔ ɢreeŋʔ MC: keu ɦɣɛŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPinourish unrealistic hopes for irregular gains; try one's luck
    希  xī OC: qhlɯl MC: hɨi 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNplace one's hopes in; have hope for (loan for 睎, also written with heart radical)
    幾  jì MC: gj+jH OC: ɡɯls 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe hoped for 可幾
    希望  xī wàng OC: qhlɯl maŋs MC: hɨi mi̯ɐŋ
    悕望  xī wàng OC: qhlɯl maŋs MC: hɨi mi̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychhope
    • VPtoNhave hopes for (something desirable)
    庶幾  shù jī MC: syoH kj+j OC: qhljaɡs kɯl 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoShope (desparately) that SCH
    • vt[0]+Vparenthetic(I hope that the subject) V-sCH
    將以  jiāng yǐ MC: tsjang yiX OC: skaŋ k-lɯʔ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoV[0]hope thereby toCH
    蘄  qí MC: gi OC: ɡɯ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoV[0]hope to get to VCH
    冀望  jì wàng OC: krɯls maŋs MC: ki mi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNhope (intensely, often vainly) for N
    • vtoV[0]hope (intensely, often vainly) to VCH
    以  yǐ MC: yiX OC: k-lɯʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoV[0].postadVhoping in this way to VCH
    望意  wàng yì OC: maŋs qɯɡs MC: mi̯ɐŋ ʔɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoShope that S
    • VPtt(oN.)+V[0]have hopes in the contextually determinate N that N will V
    心  xīn MC: sim OC: slɯm 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabinnermost hopesCH
    慕  mù MC: muH OC: maaɡs 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNvainly nourish fond hope forCH
    懷  huái MC: hweaj OC: ɡruul 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhopeCH
    望欲  wàng yù MC: mjangH yowk OC: maŋs k-loɡ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoV[0]very much hope toCH
    徼幸  jiāo xìng MC: kew heangX OC: kleew ɢreeŋʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiindulge in false hopes for good luck; just hope for the bestCH
    蘄  qí MC: gi OC: ɡɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoV[0]hope to get to VCH
    要  yào MC: 'jiew OC: qews 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhope for as importantCH
    許  xǔ OC: hŋaʔ MC: hi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativeto be expected; to be hoped for
    貴  guì OC: kluds MC: kɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]hope very much to V, really intend to
    腹心  fù xīn MC: pjuwk sim OC: puɡ slɯm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabinnermost hope; pious hopeCH
    悕望  xī wàng MC: xj+j mjangH OC: qhlɯl maŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychhopeCH
    覬覦  jì yú OC: krɯls lo MC: ki ji̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsych(unrealistic) hopes
    所冀  suǒ jì MC: srjoX kijH OC: sqraʔ krɯls 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabhigh hopes and aspirationsCH
    冀幸  jì xìng OC: krɯls ɢreeŋʔ MC: ki ɦɣɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+NPab{S}hope that S
    希心  xī xīn OC: qhlɯl slɯm MC: hɨi sim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNbe hopeful for, have hopes for
    希情  xī qíng MC: xj+j dzjeng OC: qhlɯl dzeŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt prep Nplace one's hopes inCH
    願欲  yuàn yù OC: ŋɡons k-loɡ MC: ŋi̯ɐn ji̯ok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]hope to V, aspire to V
    • VPtoNto hope forLZ
    庶  shù MC: syoH OC: qhljaɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadShopefullyCH
    徼  jiāo MC: kew OC: kleew 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN徼幸 "have false/unrealistic hopes for good luck"CH
    志  zhì MC: tsyiH OC: kljɯs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabgreatest hopeCH
    念  niàn MC: nemH OC: mɢlɯɯms 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNengange in hopeful and wishful thinking about NCH
    情  qíng OC: dzeŋ MC: dziɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychhope or aspiration
    徼倖  jiào xìng OC: kleewɡs ɢreeŋʔ MC: keu ɦɣɛŋ 1 Attribution

    jiǎoxìng

      Syntactic words
    • VPiacthope for the best
    欲  yù MC: yowk OC: k-loɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhope fervently forCH
    有意欲  yǒu yì yù MC: hjuwX 'iH yowk OC: ɢʷɯʔ qɯɡs k-loɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoV[0]have hopes toCH
    祈  qí MC: gj+j OC: ɡɯl 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNabhope forCH
    尚  shàng OC: djaŋs MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt prep Nplace one's hopes inCH
    盼  pàn OC: phrɯɯns MC: phɣɛn 0 Attributions

    Pàn 盼 is post-Han.

      Syntactic words
    • nabacthope
    企望  qǐ wàng OC: kheʔ maŋs MC: khiɛ mi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]hope very much to V