CUP  杯子

SMALL FOOD VESSEL USED for DRINKING from.
TEACUPCOFFEE CUPDEMITASSEMUGHISTORICAL CHALICE
Hypernym
  • FOOD VESSELVESSEL USED FOR FOOD.
    • VESSELHARD CONTAINER USED FOR PUTTING SUBSTANCES INTO it.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Bēi 杯 in Warring States and Han times referred to a shallow oval bowl with two ears used for wine, soup, broth etc.; it was made of lacquered wood, bronze, earthenware, jade, silver, and even glass. According to HUANG (1995: 951 - 952), the term was in that period also used for the deep beaker on a foot to drink wine from, which is known from archaeological finds; in textual evidence, there is no firm proof of it, but as regards the shape of the vessel which could only be used for drinking, it is highly probable.

2. Shāng 觴 is in late Warring States and Han times general term for a wine cup. It can often refer to bēi 杯. HUANG 1995: 955 - 956.

3. Y3ǔ shāng 羽觴 (?? in HANYU DACIDIAN as hù shāng: see vol. 9, pp. 641) is mentioned as a wine cup in the texts of the late Warring States and Han periods; perhaps another term for bēi 杯 with two ears.

4. Zhī 卮　refers to the round cylindrical wine cup made of wood, lacquare, bronze, silver, or pottery:

5. Zhǎn 醆 / 盞 is in Han times rare term for small bēi 杯 (mentioned in FANGYAN).

6. Zhuó 酌 is a general term for a wine cup.

7. Jué 爵 is the term for Shang and Western Zhou bronze tripod with long spout to drink wine from, which was used on ceremonial occasions. Shape of the character read now as jué 爵 in the oracle bone and bronze inscriptions obviously refers to this kind of cup. There are also pottery vessels of this shape known from the Shang period. In late Western Zhou times, this type of vessel came out of use. Jué 爵 mentioned in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts can refer to each type of wine cup; according to Han sources jué 爵 should have room for one shēng 升 of wine[??? it seems to me that jué 爵 in the Eastern Zhou sometimes refers to the certain amount of wine drunk at once rather than to the concrete wine vessel???.

8. Jiǎ 斝 is generally used as a term for a bronze vessel with three legs and round opening which was used to heat and serve wine. This type of vessel was common in the Shang and Western Zhou periods and came out of use in the late Western Zhou. Attribution of the name to this kind of vessel is not certain, but probable. In the Eastern Zhou and Han texts, jiǎ 斝 refers to the wine vessel, the content of which should be greater than in the case of jué 爵. [???The word seems to be rather rare in the Eastern Zhou and Han, and it occurs (except one mention in ZUO] in texts like YILI, SHUOWEN, as well as in commentaries; it cannot be thus excluded that its usage is some kind of archaization.

9. Sǎn 散 refers to the same kind of vessel as jiǎ 斝.

10. Jiǎo 角 occurs rarely in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts, and it should refer to some kind of cup made originally of an animal horn or resembling it in a shape. Identification of this vessel remains uncertain, although there are horn-like vessels known from the Shang down to the Han. In archaeology, jiǎo 角 is used for the bronze wine tripod similar in a shape to jué 爵 but with two identical spouts on the opposite sides of an opening; this vessel was in use from the Shang down to the Western Zhou period.

11. Gū 觚 in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts refers to some kind of vessel with edges. Its identification is uncertain. In archeology, the term is used for the trumpet-like bronze cup which is known from the Shang and Western Zhou periods. There are also lacquered and pottery vessels of this type.

12. Gōng or guāng 觥 in SHIJING obviously refers to the drinking cup made of the rhinoceros horn or shaped like it. Later, it can be used for a large cup. In archaeology, the term traditionally refers to the large animal-like shaped bronze vessel known from the Shang and Western Zhou periods; but this attribution is probably mistaken.

13. Kē 搕 is a kind of (probably ordinary) cup to drink from referred to in ZUO.

Modern Chinese Criteria
杯

杯子

盅

盅子

盞

海

茶杯

茶盅

茶盞

酒杯

酒盅

酒盞

觴

觥

玉舟

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 5.35

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    CUP

    poculum refers to a drinking vessel, a usual cup for use at meals.

    calix refers to a chalice, goblet, or beaker used at feasts.

    scyphus, cantharus, cymbium, caligna are all foreign words, of Greek origin, denoting particular sorts of cups.

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 949

  • 漢代無知文化資料圖說 ( SUN JI) p. 308

Words

卮  zhī OC: tje MC: tɕiɛ
觶  zhī OC: tjal MC: tɕiɛ
治  zhì OC: rlils MC: ɖi 11 AttributionsWD

Zhī 治/觶/卮 refers to the round cylindrical wine cup made of wood, lacquare, bronze, silver, or pottery: 　CHECK CHARACTERS!!!

  • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 954 - 955;

  • () p. 954 - 955 {78-1, 2}

    Syntactic words
  • nmagnificently decorated very large bronze or earthenware, sometimes even wooden wine beaker with round base (is illustrated CD 10.1385);
  • ncc(post-V{NUM}.)+Nclassifiera beaker of nm
杯  bēi OC: pɯɯ MC: puo̝i 6 AttributionsWD

Bēi 杯 in Warring States and Han times referred to a shallow oval bowl with two ears used for wine, soup, broth, etc.; it was made of lacquered wood, bronze, earthenware, jade, silver, and even glass. After HUANG (1995: 951 - 952), the term was in that period also used for the deep beaker on a foot to drink wine from, which is known from archaeological finds; in textual evidence, there is no firm proof of it, but as regards the shape of the vessel which could only be used for drinking, it is highly probable.

  • 楚文物圖典 Chu wenwu tudian ( CHU 2000) p. 290 - 294 {tab. 35}

  • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 950

  • () p. 306 {77-3 - 6, 9}

    Syntactic words
  • nbeaker on a high foot; mostly: flat plain bowl with ears used for broth or for wine etc
  • n[post-V{NUM}].+Nmclassifier(one) cup of N (Note incidentally that the number one is lexically predictable, and not contextually determinate.)
觴  shāng OC: lʰaŋ MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ 6 AttributionsWD

Shāng 觴 is in late Warring States and Han times general term for a wine cup. It can often refer to bēi 杯.

    Syntactic words
  • nbeaker or bowl filled with wine: a beaker of any kind filled with wine
  • ncc(post-V{NUM}.)+Na beaker of, one beaker of
酌  zhuó OC: pljewɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐk 5 AttributionsWD

Zhuó 酌 is a general term for a wine cup.

    Syntactic words
  • ngeneral derived meaning: wine cup or wine ladle
爵  jué OC: tsewɡ MC: tsi̯ɐk 4 AttributionsWD

Jué 爵 is the term for Shang and Western Zhou bronze tripod with long spout to drink wine from, which was used on ceremonial occasions. Shape of the character read now as jué 爵in the oracle bone and bronze inscriptions obviously refers to this kind of cup. There are also pottery vessels of this shape known from the Shang period. In late Western Zhou times, this type of vessel came out of use. Jué 爵mentioned in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts can refer to each type of wine cup; according to Han sources jué 爵 should have room for one shēng 升 of wine. [??? it seems to me that jué 爵 in the Eastern Zhou sometimes refers to the certain amount of wine drunk at once rather than to the concrete wine vessel???.

    Syntactic words
  • nthree-footed bronze container with a broad long spout from which to drink wine on highly formal occasions, and the jué 爵 typically had room for one shēng 升 of wine; also used as a general word for a bronze wine cup of any kind
桮棬  bēi quān MC: -- khjwen OC: pɯɯ khronCH 4 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPindefinitea cupCH
觚  gū OC: kʷaa MC: kuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD

Gū 觚 in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts refers to some kind of vessel with edges. Its identification is uncertain. In archeology, the term is used for the trumpet-like bronze cup which is known from the Shang and Western Zhou periods. There are also lacquered and pottery vessels of this type.

  • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 945 - 946

    Syntactic words
  • nlarge high, sparsely decorated [trumpet-shaped] ceremonial bronze wine cup current from Shang [and early Zhou] times onwards which served to measure amounts of wine; had room for about 2 shēng 升.
  • vibe beakerly, be like a beaker, be as a beaker should be
杯水  bēi shuǐ MC: -- sywijX OC: pɯɯ qhjulʔCH 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPindefinitea cup with waterCH
  • NPmindefinitea cup of waterCH
棬  quān MC: khjwen OC: khronCH 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • ncupCH
觥  gōng OC: kʷraaŋ MC: kɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD

Gōng or guāng 觥 in SHIJING obviously refers to the drinking cup made of the rhinoceros horn or shaped like it. Later, it can be used for a large cup. In archaeology, the term traditionally refers to the large animal-like shaped bronze vessel known from the Shang and Western Zhou periods; but this attribution is probably mistaken.

  • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 947 - 949

  • [100 page synonym dictionary which I have in Oslo and shall identify.CH] ( XIANG 1997) p. 609

    Syntactic words
  • nprofusely decorated ceremonial bronze wine cup in the form of a drinking horn with an elaborate lid; illustrated CD 10.1359
圈  juàn MC: gjwonX OC: ɡonʔCH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • nmugCH
巵  zhī MC: tsye OC: tjeCH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • nbeaker; tankard; goblet (containing alcoholic drinks like ale)CH
桮  bēi MC: -- OC: pɯɯCH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • ncupCH
巹  jǐn OC: kɯnʔ MC: kɨn 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nnuptial wine cup (made of a gourd) [see HANYU DACIDIAN 1992: vol. 4, pp. 77 - 78]
散  sǎn OC: sqaanʔ MC: sɑn 0 AttributionsWD

Sǎn 散 refers to the same kind of vessel as jiǎ 斝.

    Syntactic words
  • nrefers to the same vessel as jiǎ 斝
斝  jiǎ OC: kraaʔ MC: kɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD

Jiǎ 斝 is generally used as a term for a bronze vessel with three legs and round opening which was used to heat and serve wine. This type of vessel was common in the Shang and Western Zhou periods and came out of use in the late Western Zhou. Attribution of the name to this kind of vessel is not certain, but probable. In the Eastern Zhou and Han texts, jiǎ 斝 refers to the wine vessel, the content of which should be greater than in the case of jué 爵. [???The word seems to be rather rare in the Eastern Zhou and Han, and it occurs (except one mention in ZUO] in texts like YILI, SHUOWEN, as well as in commentaries; it cannot be thus excluded that its usage is some kind of archaization.

    Syntactic words
  • na wine cup in which the wine was heated before it was served in the same, with a round handle on the side
榼  kē OC: khaab MC: khɑp 0 AttributionsWD

Kē 搕 is a kind of (probably ordinary) cup to drink from referred to in ZUO.

    Syntactic words
  • nZUO: wooden cup or earthenware cup (excavated specimens tend to be of the earthenware kind)
樽  zūn OC: tsuun MC: tsuo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • ngoblet; wine-cup
琖  zhǎn OC: tsreenʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛn 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • ncup made of jade, used in sacrificing [or decorated with jade??: see HANYU DACIDIAN 1992: vol. 4, pp. 592] [JM]
醆  zhǎn OC: tsreenʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛn
盞  zhǎn OC: tsreenʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛn 0 AttributionsWD

Zhǎn 醆/盞 is in Han times rare term for small bēi 杯 (mentioned in FANGYAN).

    Syntactic words
  • nsmall plain flat bowl to drink wine from
角  jué MC: -- OC: -- 0 AttributionsWD

Jiǎo 角 occurs rarely in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts, and it should refer to some kind of cup made originally of an animal horn or resembling it in a shape. Identification of this vessel remains uncertain, although there are horn-like vessels known from the Shang down to the Han. In archaeology, jiǎo 角 is used for the bronze wine tripod similar in a shape to jué 爵 but with two identical spouts on the opposite sides of an opening; this vessel was in use from the Shang down to the Western Zhou period.

    Syntactic words
  • nwine cup with 200 cc content originally made of horn, and therefore in the shape of a horn, but later made of bronze. Archeological finds, naturally enough, are of bronze cups.
觶  zhì OC: tjals MC: tɕiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nwine flask taking three shēng 升
椑榼  pí kē OC: bee khaab MC: bei khɑp 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPHN: flasks and simple wooden cups, sometime also made of earthenware [I have only found that it was a round kē 榼: see HANYU DACIDIAN 1992: vol. 4, pp. 1118] [JM]
羽觴  yǔ shāng OC: ɢʷaʔ lʰaŋ MC: ɦi̯o ɕi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD

Yǔ shāng 羽 觴 (?? in HANYU DACIDIAN as hù shāng: see vol. 9, pp. 641) is mentioned as a wine cup in the texts of the late Warring States and Han periods; perhaps another term for bēi 杯 with two ears:

  • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 953

  • () p. 306

    Syntactic words
  • nCC: mostly bronze (but sometimes wooden) bowl to drink wine from

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