CUP    杯子

SMALL FOOD VESSEL USED for DRINKING from.
TEACUPCOFFEE CUPDEMITASSEMUGHISTORICAL CHALICE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Bēi 杯 in Warring States and Han times referred to a shallow oval bowl with two ears used for wine, soup, broth etc.; it was made of lacquered wood, bronze, earthenware, jade, silver, and even glass. According to HUANG (1995: 951 - 952), the term was in that period also used for the deep beaker on a foot to drink wine from, which is known from archaeological finds; in textual evidence, there is no firm proof of it, but as regards the shape of the vessel which could only be used for drinking, it is highly probable.2. Shāng 觴 is in late Warring States and Han times general term for a wine cup. It can often refer to bēi 杯. HUANG 1995: 955 - 956.3. Y3ǔ shāng 羽觴 (?? in HANYU DACIDIAN as hù shāng: see vol. 9, pp. 641) is mentioned as a wine cup in the texts of the late Warring States and Han periods; perhaps another term for bēi 杯 with two ears.4. Zhī 卮　refers to the round cylindrical wine cup made of wood, lacquare, bronze, silver, or pottery:5. Zhǎn 醆 / 盞 is in Han times rare term for small bēi 杯 (mentioned in FANGYAN).6. Zhuó 酌 is a general term for a wine cup.7. Jué 爵 is the term for Shang and Western Zhou bronze tripod with long spout to drink wine from, which was used on ceremonial occasions. Shape of the character read now as jué 爵 in the oracle bone and bronze inscriptions obviously refers to this kind of cup. There are also pottery vessels of this shape known from the Shang period. In late Western Zhou times, this type of vessel came out of use. Jué 爵 mentioned in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts can refer to each type of wine cup; according to Han sources jué 爵 should have room for one shēng 升 of wine[??? it seems to me that jué 爵 in the Eastern Zhou sometimes refers to the certain amount of wine drunk at once rather than to the concrete wine vessel???.8. Jiǎ 斝 is generally used as a term for a bronze vessel with three legs and round opening which was used to heat and serve wine. This type of vessel was common in the Shang and Western Zhou periods and came out of use in the late Western Zhou. Attribution of the name to this kind of vessel is not certain, but probable. In the Eastern Zhou and Han texts, jiǎ 斝 refers to the wine vessel, the content of which should be greater than in the case of jué 爵. [???The word seems to be rather rare in the Eastern Zhou and Han, and it occurs (except one mention in ZUO] in texts like YILI, SHUOWEN, as well as in commentaries; it cannot be thus excluded that its usage is some kind of archaization.9. Sǎn 散 refers to the same kind of vessel as jiǎ 斝.10. Jiǎo 角 occurs rarely in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts, and it should refer to some kind of cup made originally of an animal horn or resembling it in a shape. Identification of this vessel remains uncertain, although there are horn-like vessels known from the Shang down to the Han. In archaeology, jiǎo 角 is used for the bronze wine tripod similar in a shape to jué 爵 but with two identical spouts on the opposite sides of an opening; this vessel was in use from the Shang down to the Western Zhou period.11. Gū 觚 in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts refers to some kind of vessel with edges. Its identification is uncertain. In archeology, the term is used for the trumpet-like bronze cup which is known from the Shang and Western Zhou periods. There are also lacquered and pottery vessels of this type.12. Gōng or guāng 觥 in SHIJING obviously refers to the drinking cup made of the rhinoceros horn or shaped like it. Later, it can be used for a large cup. In archaeology, the term traditionally refers to the large animal-like shaped bronze vessel known from the Shang and Western Zhou periods; but this attribution is probably mistaken.13. Kē 搕 is a kind of (probably ordinary) cup to drink from referred to in ZUO.
Modern Chinese Criteria
杯 杯子 盅 盅子 盞 海 茶杯 茶盅 茶盞 酒杯 酒盅 酒盞 觴 觥 玉舟 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • FOOD VESSEL　VESSEL USED FOR FOOD. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • VESSEL　HARD CONTAINER USED FOR PUTTING SUBSTANCES INTO it. (anc: 6/0, child: 11)
  • CONTAINER　ARTEFACT PRODUCED TO CONTAIN THINGS. (anc: 5/0, child: 3)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 5.35

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    CUP

    poculum refers to a drinking vessel, a usual cup for use at meals.

    calix refers to a chalice, goblet, or beaker used at feasts.

    scyphus, cantharus, cymbium, caligna are all foreign words, of Greek origin, denoting particular sorts of cups.

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 949

  • 漢代無知文化資料圖說 ( SUN JI) p. 308

    • Words (24 items)

    卮  zhī OC: tje MC: tɕiɛ
    觶  zhī OC: tjal MC: tɕiɛ
    治  zhì OC: rlils MC: ɖi 11 Attributions

    Zhī 治/觶/卮 refers to the round cylindrical wine cup made of wood, lacquare, bronze, silver, or pottery: 　CHECK CHARACTERS!!!

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 954 - 955;

    • () p. 954 - 955 {78-1, 2}

      Syntactic words
    • nmagnificently decorated very large bronze or earthenware, sometimes even wooden wine beaker with round base (is illustrated CD 10.1385);
    • ncc(post-V{NUM}.)+Nclassifiera beaker of nm
    觴  shāng OC: lʰaŋ MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ 6 Attributions

    Shāng 觴 is in late Warring States and Han times general term for a wine cup. It can often refer to bēi 杯.

      Syntactic words
    • nbeaker or bowl filled with wine: a beaker of any kind filled with wine
    • ncc(post-V{NUM}.)+Na beaker of, one beaker of
    杯  bēi OC: pɯɯ MC: puo̝i 6 Attributions

    Bēi 杯 in Warring States and Han times referred to a shallow oval bowl with two ears used for wine, soup, broth, etc.; it was made of lacquered wood, bronze, earthenware, jade, silver, and even glass. After HUANG (1995: 951 - 952), the term was in that period also used for the deep beaker on a foot to drink wine from, which is known from archaeological finds; in textual evidence, there is no firm proof of it, but as regards the shape of the vessel which could only be used for drinking, it is highly probable.

    • 楚文物圖典 Chu wenwu tudian ( CHU 2000) p. 290 - 294 {tab. 35}

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 950

    • () p. 306 {77-3 - 6, 9}

      Syntactic words
    • nbeaker on a high foot; mostly: flat plain bowl with ears used for broth or for wine etc
    • n[post-V{NUM}].+Nmclassifier(one) cup of N (Note incidentally that the number one is lexically predictable, and not contextually determinate.)
    酌  zhuó OC: pljewɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐk 5 Attributions

    Zhuó 酌 is a general term for a wine cup.

      Syntactic words
    • ngeneral derived meaning: wine cup or wine ladle
    桮棬  bēi quān MC: -- khjwen OC: pɯɯ khron 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPindefinitea cupCH
    爵  jué OC: tsewɡ MC: tsi̯ɐk 4 Attributions

    Jué 爵 is the term for Shang and Western Zhou bronze tripod with long spout to drink wine from, which was used on ceremonial occasions. Shape of the character read now as jué 爵in the oracle bone and bronze inscriptions obviously refers to this kind of cup. There are also pottery vessels of this shape known from the Shang period. In late Western Zhou times, this type of vessel came out of use. Jué 爵mentioned in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts can refer to each type of wine cup; according to Han sources jué 爵 should have room for one shēng 升 of wine. [??? it seems to me that jué 爵 in the Eastern Zhou sometimes refers to the certain amount of wine drunk at once rather than to the concrete wine vessel???.

      Syntactic words
    • nthree-footed bronze container with a broad long spout from which to drink wine on highly formal occasions, and the jué 爵 typically had room for one shēng 升 of wine; also used as a general word for a bronze wine cup of any kind
    觚  gū OC: kʷaa MC: kuo̝ 2 Attributions

    Gū 觚 in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts refers to some kind of vessel with edges. Its identification is uncertain. In archeology, the term is used for the trumpet-like bronze cup which is known from the Shang and Western Zhou periods. There are also lacquered and pottery vessels of this type.

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 945 - 946

      Syntactic words
    • nlarge high, sparsely decorated [trumpet-shaped] ceremonial bronze wine cup current from Shang [and early Zhou] times onwards which served to measure amounts of wine; had room for about 2 shēng 升.
    • vibe beakerly, be like a beaker, be as a beaker should be
    棬  quān MC: khjwen OC: khron 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ncupCH
    杯水  bēi shuǐ MC: -- sywijX OC: pɯɯ qhjulʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPindefinitea cup with waterCH
    • NPmindefinitea cup of waterCH
    觥  gōng OC: kʷraaŋ MC: kɣaŋ 1 Attribution

    Gōng or guāng 觥 in SHIJING obviously refers to the drinking cup made of the rhinoceros horn or shaped like it. Later, it can be used for a large cup. In archaeology, the term traditionally refers to the large animal-like shaped bronze vessel known from the Shang and Western Zhou periods; but this attribution is probably mistaken.

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 947 - 949

    • [100 page synonym dictionary which I have in Oslo and shall identify.CH] ( XIANG 1997) p. 609

      Syntactic words
    • nprofusely decorated ceremonial bronze wine cup in the form of a drinking horn with an elaborate lid; illustrated CD 10.1359
    圈  juàn MC: gjwonX OC: ɡonʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nmugCH
    巵  zhī MC: tsye OC: tje 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nbeaker; tankard; goblet (containing alcoholic drinks like ale)CH
    桮  bēi MC: -- OC: pɯɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ncupCH
    羽觴  yǔ shāng OC: ɢʷaʔ lʰaŋ MC: ɦi̯o ɕi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions

    Yǔ shāng 羽 觴 (?? in HANYU DACIDIAN as hù shāng: see vol. 9, pp. 641) is mentioned as a wine cup in the texts of the late Warring States and Han periods; perhaps another term for bēi 杯 with two ears:

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 953

    • () p. 306

      Syntactic words
    • nCC: mostly bronze (but sometimes wooden) bowl to drink wine from
    角  jué MC: -- OC: -- 0 Attributions

    Jiǎo 角 occurs rarely in the Eastern Zhou and Han texts, and it should refer to some kind of cup made originally of an animal horn or resembling it in a shape. Identification of this vessel remains uncertain, although there are horn-like vessels known from the Shang down to the Han. In archaeology, jiǎo 角 is used for the bronze wine tripod similar in a shape to jué 爵 but with two identical spouts on the opposite sides of an opening; this vessel was in use from the Shang down to the Western Zhou period.

      Syntactic words
    • nwine cup with 200 cc content originally made of horn, and therefore in the shape of a horn, but later made of bronze. Archeological finds, naturally enough, are of bronze cups.
    觶  zhì OC: tjals MC: tɕiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nwine flask taking three shēng 升
    醆  zhǎn OC: tsreenʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛn
    盞  zhǎn OC: tsreenʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛn 0 Attributions

    Zhǎn 醆/盞 is in Han times rare term for small bēi 杯 (mentioned in FANGYAN).

      Syntactic words
    • nsmall plain flat bowl to drink wine from
    椑榼  pí kē OC: bee khaab MC: bei khɑp 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPHN: flasks and simple wooden cups, sometime also made of earthenware [I have only found that it was a round kē 榼: see HANYU DACIDIAN 1992: vol. 4, pp. 1118] [JM]
    巹  jǐn OC: kɯnʔ MC: kɨn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nnuptial wine cup (made of a gourd) [see HANYU DACIDIAN 1992: vol. 4, pp. 77 - 78]
    散  sǎn OC: sqaanʔ MC: sɑn 0 Attributions

    Sǎn 散 refers to the same kind of vessel as jiǎ 斝.

      Syntactic words
    • nrefers to the same vessel as jiǎ 斝
    斝  jiǎ OC: kraaʔ MC: kɣɛ 0 Attributions

    Jiǎ 斝 is generally used as a term for a bronze vessel with three legs and round opening which was used to heat and serve wine. This type of vessel was common in the Shang and Western Zhou periods and came out of use in the late Western Zhou. Attribution of the name to this kind of vessel is not certain, but probable. In the Eastern Zhou and Han texts, jiǎ 斝 refers to the wine vessel, the content of which should be greater than in the case of jué 爵. [???The word seems to be rather rare in the Eastern Zhou and Han, and it occurs (except one mention in ZUO] in texts like YILI, SHUOWEN, as well as in commentaries; it cannot be thus excluded that its usage is some kind of archaization.

      Syntactic words
    • na wine cup in which the wine was heated before it was served in the same, with a round handle on the side
    榼  kē OC: khaab MC: khɑp 0 Attributions

    Kē 搕 is a kind of (probably ordinary) cup to drink from referred to in ZUO.

      Syntactic words
    • nZUO: wooden cup or earthenware cup (excavated specimens tend to be of the earthenware kind)
    樽  zūn OC: tsuun MC: tsuo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ngoblet; wine-cup
    琖  zhǎn OC: tsreenʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ncup made of jade, used in sacrificing [or decorated with jade??: see HANYU DACIDIAN 1992: vol. 4, pp. 592] [JM]