SKIN    皮膚皮

The COMPLEX BODY TISSUE which WRAPS the WHOLE BODY of HUMANS AND ANIMALS.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word is pí 皮 which refers to all aspects of the skin, typically skin of animals with its natural fur. 2. The word fú 膚 refers primarily to human skin, and the surface as such, the surface including the tissue below is jī 肌 (and pí 皮 in its non-general specific use). 3. Gé 革 refers to animal hide. See LEATHER
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 BODY 27. 皮，戰國、秦漢之際始用於人的皮膚。 膚，人皮膚專稱，但很少單用。革，與 “ 肌 ” 、 “ 膚 ” 等連用表皮膚。 肌，只在幾個小範圍中指皮膚。 胝，堅硬幹燥的厚皮，多生於手足。 胼，同胝，多與 “ 胝 ” 連用。 趼，生於腳底的硬皮。 腄，表示腳底的硬皮，只存於字書。
Modern Chinese Criteria
皮膚 皮 膚 肉皮兒 皮層 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • LEATHER　SKIN, LACKING FUR, of ANIMALS OFTEN USED to PRODUCE ARTEFACTS. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • EYELID　SKIN MOVING on the EYE. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
See also
  • PEELREMOVE the SKIN of FRUIT ETC.
Hypernym
  • BODY TISSUE　IMPORTANT NOT LIQUID SUBSTANCES IN THE BODY. (anc: 5/0, child: 7)
  • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 28)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.12

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SKIN

    tergus refers to the outermost covering of the flex, as merely bare skin, particularly the bare rough skin of an animal.

    cutis refers to the finer skin of human beings which protects the sensitive flesh.

    pellis refers to the skin covered with bristly hair, as that of lions, goats, dogs.

    vellus refers to the skin as covered with more woolly hair, as that of sheep.

  • A Russian-English Collocational Dictionary of the Human Body ( IORDANSKAJA 1996) p. 154

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 57

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 266

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.1483

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 129

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 111

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 774

    皮，革

    1. WL notes that pi2 皮 is "hide" and by extesion "skin", and ge2 革 is always treated "leather" where the fur is removed. In our system this does not make them synonyms.

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 57ff

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.164

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 90

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.166

    • Words (15 items)

    皮  pí OC: bral MC: biɛ 34 Attributions

    The general word is pí 皮 which refers to all aspects of the skin, typically skin of animals with its natural fur.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 弁/OFFICIAL HAT Biàn 弁 refers to the ceremonial hats worn as signs of their dignity, on lesser occasions, by high officials including the emperor himself, and often this is specified as a pí biàn 皮弁.
    • Assoc: 帛/SILK The general word for any kind of silk cloth it is bó 帛.
    • Assoc: 幣/SILK Bì 幣 typically refers to silk insofar as it is used as currency or as a formal gift.
    • Assoc: 革/LEATHER The general word for leather or hide with fur removed is gé 革.
    • Assoc: 羽/FEATHER Yǔ 羽 can refer to any feather of any kind, but which usually refers to feathers as forming the most visible part of a wing.
    • Assoc: 膚/SKIN The word fú 膚 refers primarily to human skin, and the surface as such, the surface including the tissue below is jī 肌 (and pí 皮 in its non-general specific use).
    • Oppos: 質/ESSENCE

      Syntactic words
    • n(post-N)hide, skin or hide which originally had hair on it or was furry; whole skin of an animal
    • nfigurative"skin"
    • nmbark (of tree); skin (of fruits); husk (of grains)
    • nm(post-N)humanhuman skin
    • nm[post-N]reflexiveone's own skin
    • nmadNmade of hide or fur 皮冠 "leather hat"
    肌膚  jī fū OC: kril pqla MC: ki pi̯o 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmskin tissue (versus the surface of the skin itself)
    膚  fū OC: pqla MC: pi̯o 6 Attributions

    The word fú 膚 refers primarily to human skin, and the surface as such, the surface including the tissue below is jī 肌 (and pí 皮 in its non-general specific use).

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 肌/SKIN The word fú 膚 refers primarily to human skin, and the surface as such, the surface including the tissue below is jī 肌 (and pí 皮 in its non-general specific use).
    • Assoc: 皮/SKIN The general word is pí 皮 which refers to all aspects of the skin, typically skin of animals with its natural fur.

      Syntactic words
    • nadVbecause of one's skin; with/by one's skin (only)
    • nfigurative"skin"
    • nmthe skin of humans
    肌  jī OC: kril MC: ki 3 Attributions

    The word fú 膚 refers primarily to human skin, and the surface as such, the surface including the tissue below is jī 肌 (and pí 皮 in its non-general specific use).

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 膚/SKIN The word fú 膚 refers primarily to human skin, and the surface as such, the surface including the tissue below is jī 肌 (and pí 皮 in its non-general specific use).

      Syntactic words
    • nmthe layer of skin (on humans)
    腠  còu OC: skhoos MC: tshu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmskin
    皮膚  pí fū OC: bral pqla MC: biɛ pi̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmskin
    羽毛  yǔ máo OC: ɢʷaʔ moow MC: ɦi̯o mɑu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmfeathers and fur
    黑子  hēi zǐ OC: hmɯɯɡ sklɯʔ MC: hək tsɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmole
    腠理  còu lǐ OC: skhoos ɡ-rɯʔ MC: tshu lɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1adN2}physiological avenues of communication in the skin; pores of the skin
    膚理  fū lǐ MC: pju liX OC: pqla ɡ-rɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPskin with its folds and linesLZ
    身皮  shēn pí OC: qhjin bral MC: ɕin biɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPskin
    瓤  ráng MC: nyang OC: njaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nmrich fruit skinCH
    胼胝  pián zhī OC: been til MC: ben ʈi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmchapped hard part of the skin
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmskinCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmrich fruit skinCH